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Immune System
This category is for questions about how our bodies identify and fight off disease, infection or pathogens through specialized cells, tissues and organs. The system that does this is called the immune system. It produces antibodies which recognize intruders and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.
4,548 Questions
Do people who have allergies have lower risk of cancer because of stronger immune system?
No, allergies do not strengthen your immune system. An allergic reaction occurs more or less because your immune system confuses a non-harmful, foreign substance that has entered your body system with something that is harmful.
There are signs that strong immune systems can help aid in fighting back against and possibly preventing cancer, but in this case, simply having allergies isn't going to make a difference in your immune response. Additionally, your likelihood of getting cancer is not as much based off the strength of your immune system than it is on other factors, such as lifestyle choices and genetics.
The first exposure to a sensitizer will cause an immediate reaction?
No. Most times it will happen after one or more times.
An antithyroglobulin is an antibody which targets thyroglobulin.
What causes elevated CPK level?
When the total CPK level is very high, it usually means there has been injury or stress to muscle tissue, the heart, or the brain. Muscle tissue injury is most likely. When a muscle is damaged, CPK leaks into the bloodstream.
We call this type of immunity adaptive---> natural----> active immunity. Here how it works:
Adaptive immunity involves two classes of lymphocyte: B cells and T cells which work together in a coordinated system of adaptive immunity
B cells-antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity
T cells-cell-mediated (cellular) immunity
Adaptive immunity occurs in a series of stages
1. Recognition of antigen (flu virus)
2. Activation of lymphocytes
3. Effector phase (immune attack)
4. Decline of antigen causes lymphocyte death (homeostatic balance)
5. Memory cells remain for later response if needed
How does an immune response starts after a macrophage attacts a pathogen?
The blood cells detect the pathogen
The pathogens release toxins
The blood cells make antibodies to fit the toxins ( they have to be a specific shape)
The antibodies stick the bacteria together ready to be engulfed by he white blood cells
The White blood cells remember the antibodies needed for that pathogen so they can make antibodies quicker next time the pathogen invades
It hangs around in a lymph node until an 'antigen-presenting cell' comes and finds it, and then it starts producing antibodies specifically to 'hunt down' or stick to whatever protein it is that the antigen-presenting cell shows to it. Once it starts producing antibodies, it's then known as a plasma cell.
Antigen-presenting cell = phagocytic or 'pacman-like' macrophage or neutrophil that has eaten evil stuff and keeps a trophy of it's kill on its cell surface to wave around like a flag as it returns from the site of an infection back to base camp (AKA: lymph nodes).
My apologies for all the battle references, but I imagine the immune system and its functions in a very graphic, very action-movie kind of way. It's just too cool and complex not to.
What happens to fetus if mothers is not vaccinated with RH gram?
Most likely nothing will happen but if you are Rh- and baby is Rh+, there is a chance that there might be a break in the normal barrier between mom and baby's blood at birth and mom needs the Rhogam within 72 hours of birth (or even miscarriage). If she doesn't get the Rhogam, the next baby can be seriously damaged. Do not get the Rhogam during pregnancy.
How does inline UPS protect against brownouts?
Protects against potential electrical power problems by supplying a consistent level of electrical power to a computer. The battery is constantly recharging while the UPS is in use.
You mean when you need to sneeze but it suddenly goes away at the last moment?
It's frustrating and maddening, and it happens to all of us.
Some tips:
When you feel a sneeze coming on, close your mouth, flare your nostrils, and inhale slightly and sharply through your nose. This may help you to complete the sneeze as it will strengthen the sneeze impulse sent through your nervous system and make it less likely to fritter out and leave you in frustration with your nose burning way inside, sometimes even your sinuses as well! (I have so been there!)
If you're troubled by a lot of sinus and sneezing troubles, you may suffer from year-round or seasonal allergies. Millions of people do; there's no shame in it! If the trouble is very severe, you may need to make an appointment to see an Allergist. Although panels can be run to test for common household and outdoor allergens, not everything can be covered. But your allergist will know what to do from there if it gets to that point.
More likely, you're only occasionally troubled by sneezes - incomplete or otherwise - and if you follow some of the basic procedures to control allergens such as dust mites around your home, you should be okay.
Is producing antibodies a response by human white blood cells to pathogens?
Yes. Antibodies are made in response to pathogens. The antibodies are made by WBCs. These antibodies are a "match" to the pathogen. The next time the body is attacked by this pathogen, the antibody response will be much faster and a person will recover much sooner.
Yes, it primarily exists in the circulatory system and destroys T-cells.
This is why blood transfusions are checked for HIV/AIDS.
How does the immune system fight leptospirosis?
The immune system combats leptospirosis through both innate and adaptive responses. Initially, innate immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, recognize and respond to the leptospiral bacteria, helping to contain the infection. Subsequently, the adaptive immune system activates, producing specific antibodies against the bacteria, which neutralize them and help eliminate the infection. Additionally, T cells play a critical role in orchestrating the immune response and clearing the infection from the body.
What does Macrophage do after it ingests a pathogen?
Upon engulfment of a pathogen macrophages will destroy the pathogen in the phagolysosome. This is accomplished through a variety of enzymes as well as the use of reactive oxygen species (free radicals), which are used to produce bleach. Macrophages can then break down the proteins of the pathogen and present them as antigens to T cells, although dendritic cells are much better at this last part.
Do Millions of microorganisms invade your body every day?
Yes. That is true. Millions of microorganisms invade your body every day. The microorganisms, mostly enters from the nose and mouth. That is beneficial for you. It keeps your immune system in tune and alert. So that your immune system should be capable of handling more and more serious types of infections in future.
Why might you eat foods and drinks beverage that contain vitamin C during stressful times?
Vitamin C is very important for your immune system, by taking it you will support your health and is less probable to get sick in stressful times.
When is your immune system at its weakest?
In a healthy person, this would be right after birth, when you're still relying on the antibodies from your mother. However, the immune system can be weakened by a variety of problems, these include AIDS, certain chronic inflections, etc. Old age also weakens the immune system.
Which hormone helps the body control stress regulate metabolism and influence an immune response?
Ephinephrine
