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Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases or communicable diseases arise from illnesses caused by fungi, viruses, protozoa, bacteria or parasites. These infections can be transmitted through body fluids, airborne inhalation and contaminated foods or objects.

4,892 Questions

What is size of H1N1 virus vs N95 mask?

An N95 or similar mask will filter viruses (H1N1 included) But its not the micron filtration size that needs to be focused on, its the proper fit of the mask. Leaks from improper fit and deep breaths will severely limit the effectiveness of simple filter masks. The other consideration is behavior while masked. Wiping the eyes, picking your teeth under the mask, etc.

What does the A stand for in Influenza A virus?

The A and B in influenza are simply different types of influenza.

* Type A: seasonal epidemics. This sub-type is based on changes in surface antigens hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. In humans subtypes H1-H3 and N1-N2 have circulated since 1918 pandemic (due to H1N1). In the last 3 decades the circulating types have been H3N2 and H1N1.

* Type B: sporadic outbreaks (long term care facilities)

What famous people have had anthrax?

Several high-profile individuals have been targeted with anthrax through the mail, including American media outlets such as NBC and CBS, as well as politicians like Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy. These incidents occurred in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks in 2001, sparking a national anthrax scare.

Why are scientists using eggs to develop the swine flu vaccine?

To make vaccine for a program of vaccinations in a population group, first the scientists need a certain amount of the virus that can be turned into the weakened version of the virus to use in the vaccination. Since viruses are not really alive, and since they need a host to provide cells to do the work of their reproduction for them, the scientists give them the egg as the host and, just like the virus makes our bodies do when we catch a cold or flu, it will make the egg cells do the same thing to make more virus particles so the scientists can grow a supply from which to make the vaccine.

For a full explanation of this process, see the related link section below.

Is lyme disease curable?

Antibiotics are the primary treatment for Lyme disease; the most appropriate antibiotic treatment depends upon the patient and the stage of the disease.[3] According to the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines, the antibiotics of choice are doxycycline (in adults), amoxicillin (in children), erythromycin (for pregnant women) and ceftriaxone, with treatment lasting 10 to 28 days.[124] Alternative choices are cefuroxime and cefotaxime.[3] Treatment of pregnant women is similar, but doxycycline should not be used.

What kills flu virus cold weather or hot weather?

Heat can kill flu or cold bacteria. However, the heat has to be high enough. Different viruses and bacteria have different heat tolerances. Some can survive temperatures of over 250 degrees Fahrenheit.

What did the exchange mean are the flowers blooming no I don't have the measles?

Lovell was, most likely, referring to the word "efflorescence". In botany this term refers to the time when a plant is in bloom. In medical terms the word refers to redness or a rash on the skin as occurs with the measles.

Where is anthrax most likely to be found?

Anthrax bacteria can be found in soil, where they form spores that can survive for long periods. They are more common in regions with alkaline soils, like parts of the United States, Africa, and Asia. Livestock grazing in contaminated areas can also increase the risk of exposure to anthrax spores.

Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle What is this condition called?

The condition is called anthrax, a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can affect both animals and humans, with symptoms varying depending on the route of exposure.

How can you use measles in a sentence?

My grandmother had measles when she was a baby.

I would never want to catch measles.

What is Clostridium botulinum reservoir?

Clostridium botulinum is commonly found in soil and marine sediments. It can also be present in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals, and in improperly processed or preserved foods such as canned goods.

Is avian flu DNA or RNA?

The virus has DNA as its genetic material. More interesting, the DNA is single-stranded.

"Parvo" is short for "parvovirus" and usually "canine parvovirus type 2."

What is the shape of Clostridium?

Clostridium bacteria are typically rod-shaped (bacilli) and may appear as singles, pairs, or chains. Each species within the Clostridium genus may have slightly different shapes and sizes, but they generally share a rod-like morphology.

What is bacterium clostridium?

Bacterium Clostridium is a class of bacteria that are rod-shaped and of which there are approximately 100 species. Five of these species can affect humans, and include C. botulinum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, C.tetani and C. sordellii.

Chemical formula for the common cold?

The common cold is caused by a viral infection, particularly by the rhinovirus and coronavirus. These viruses do not have a specific chemical formula, as they are composed of genetic material wrapped in a protein coat.

How does the total germ cell potential of the female compare to the male?

Females have a fixed total germ cell potential at birth, whereas males continuously produce germ cells throughout their lives. Females have all their germ cells present at birth, while males produce new germ cells through the process of spermatogenesis.

Is there a connection of A H1N1 and global warming?

The tolerance of human swine influenza is higher and less serious in terms of danger to health than global warming. Global warming is the increase in the avergae temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation.

Swine influenza affects a vast population of the humans and clearly does not have any relation to global warming as yet.

How colds and influenza normally transmitted?

aspirated through the upper respiratory tract. Meaning you breath it in. It can also be transmitted by touching a contaminated surface and then touching the nose or eyes, but not through ingestation i.e. eating it

Why is Scottish island infected with anthrax?

During the second World War, in 1942, Britain experimented with the Anthrax bacterium on the Scottish island of Gruinard. The experiments were undertaken because Britain feared that they would be attacked by Germany with similar biological and chemical weapons. Thankfully, Anthrax was never used as a weapon in World War II. The island remained "out of bounds" for several decades. In 1986 a company was employed by the British government to decontaminate the island. The island was finally declared "safe" on 24th April 1990.

Can you get anthrax more than once?

In repsonse to the person who wrote the answer below this statement is NOT TRUE.

I have just been diagnosed with glandular fever for the SECOND time in the space of 3 years. You do NOT become immune to the disease, you simply produce antibodies but this does not make you immune. So whoever wrote that comment below clearnly knows NOTHING about it.

previous answer:no you cannot get it more then once because once you have caught it you suffer from it for weeks to months and after having glandular fever once your body builds up an immunity against it so you CANNOT get it again, so no matter what some twaaats tell you, I'm correct and you can deffently only get it once

What is the estimated number of victims of anthrax?

There is really no way of knowing how many people have been infected with anthrax. Although the actual spore was identified in 1875, it is a quite ancient disease. It has been around long enough that it is believed to have been one of the 10 Egyptian plagues mentioned in the Old Testament of the Bible. It was also brought up during Greek mythology. Before the vaccination was developed in 1881, it was believed to have killed anywhere between hundreds to thousands of people and animals every single year. Now that number is down to a few dozen reported cases a year.

Does lyme disease go away?

I had lyme disease a couple years ago, and even after you're done with the medicane and stuff it will always be in your system; like if you get bloodwork or something it will show up as you have it, but it will always be there. I know when somepeople dont catch it right away they may never get rid of it, or it may take a while. Good Luck.

What is the generation time for the influenza virus?

Generation time has been used synonymously with the term "serial interval." Serial interval is the time from the onset of symptoms in the index case until the onset of symptoms in any secondary cases. For human seasonal influenza, the mean serial interval has been estimated as 3.6 days (95% confidence interval = 2.9-4.3 days) (Cowling BJ et al, Estimation of the Serial Interval of Influenza, Epidemiology 2009; 20(3): 344-7.

What microbe is the spanish influenza?

The flu (influenza), is caused by influenza viruses. There are three types of influenza viruses, designated Type A, B, and C. Types A and B are common types of seasonal flu in humans, while C is less frequent in humans. Influenza A is the type of flu virus which gives rise to all worldwide pandemics seen every once in a while, such as 'Spanish flu' after the First World War and 'Swine flu' H1N1/09 which we've seen recently.

Some scientists technically do not characterize viruses as living micro-organisms because they are actually sub-microscopic and do not carry out the full range of processes which define a living organism. The study of viruses (virology) is commonly categorized under microbiology (the study of micro-organisms) which can be confusing. They are completely dependent on a living host in order to replicate since they are not technically "alive" and do not have the materials and processes to do their own reproduction.