International High Courts

The highest court in Europe is the European Court of Justice (ECJ), located in Luxembourg. It interprets EU law and ensures its uniform application across member states. The ECJ resolves legal disputes between national courts and EU institutions, and its rulings are binding on all member countries. Its decisions play a crucial role in shaping EU law and policies.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) helps address genocide by holding individuals accountable for their actions, thereby deterring future atrocities. It investigates and prosecutes those responsible for genocide, ensuring that justice is served and victims receive recognition. The ICC also promotes international cooperation and legal standards, reinforcing the commitment of states to prevent and punish genocide. Through its work, the ICC aims to uphold human rights and contribute to global peace and security.

Ancient Rome did not have a Supreme Court in the modern sense. However, it had a complex legal system with various courts and magistrates overseeing different types of cases. The highest judicial authority was the Senate, which could influence legal decisions, and the Emperor often held ultimate judicial power. Legal decisions were also guided by the Twelve Tables and later legal codes, but there was no singular court akin to a Supreme Court as we understand it today.

No, the House of Lords is not a part of the Supreme Court. The House of Lords is one of the two houses of the UK Parliament, primarily involved in legislation and scrutiny of the government. The Supreme Court, on the other hand, is the highest court in the UK, responsible for interpreting the law and making legal judgments. The judicial functions of the House of Lords were formally transferred to the Supreme Court in 2009, separating the legislative and judicial branches.

Yes, countries that are members of the International Criminal Court (ICC) can withdraw from the court by providing a formal notification to the UN Secretary-General. The withdrawal takes effect one year after the notification is received. Consequences of withdrawal may include a loss of international legal protections and accountability for war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity, potentially leading to diminished international standing and credibility. Additionally, ongoing investigations or prosecutions involving the withdrawing state may be affected.

International courts play a crucial role in the enforcement and promotion of human rights by interpreting and adjudicating cases related to human rights violations. They provide a platform for victims to seek justice and hold states accountable for breaches of international human rights laws. Additionally, these courts contribute to the development of human rights jurisprudence, influencing national legal systems and encouraging compliance with international standards. Their decisions also serve to raise awareness and foster dialogue on human rights issues globally.

In 1877, the head of the British Government was Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. He was a leading figure in the Conservative Party and served two non-consecutive terms as Prime Minister, with this term spanning from 1874 to 1880. Disraeli is known for his policies that promoted British imperial interests and for his role in the expansion of the British Empire during this period.

Yes, the Brazilian Supreme Court, known as the Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), holds final authority over the interpretation of laws and the Constitution in Brazil. It has the power to review and annul laws that it deems unconstitutional. Additionally, the STF serves as the highest appellate court, resolving disputes involving federal legislation and constitutional matters, thereby ensuring the supremacy of the Constitution.

If the Prime Minister of Canada were assassinated, the trial would not be held in the Supreme Court of Canada because the Supreme Court primarily serves as an appellate court rather than a trial court. Such a case would likely be prosecuted in a lower court, like a provincial superior court, where serious criminal cases are typically tried. The Supreme Court may become involved later if there are appeals regarding decisions made in the lower court. Additionally, the nature of the crime could prompt special considerations regarding jurisdiction and media coverage.

The Code of Ethics for High Court and Supreme Court Judges in India emphasizes integrity, impartiality, and propriety in judicial conduct. Judges are expected to uphold the dignity of the judiciary, avoid conflicts of interest, and maintain confidentiality in their roles. They should also refrain from engaging in activities that could undermine public confidence in the judiciary, ensuring their decisions are based solely on law and facts. This code serves to reinforce the independence of the judiciary and its role in upholding justice.

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) primarily hears cases related to the interpretation and application of European Union law. This includes disputes between EU member states, cases brought by EU institutions, and actions brought by individuals or companies against EU institutions. The court also addresses issues of legality concerning EU regulations and directives, and it provides preliminary rulings at the request of national courts to clarify EU law. Overall, the ECJ plays a crucial role in ensuring uniformity and consistency in the application of EU law across member states.

The Supreme Court of the Philippines was established in 1901, following the American colonial period, as the highest court in the country to interpret laws and ensure justice. Originally composed of a Chief Justice and several Associate Justices, it has evolved over the years in terms of its composition and jurisdiction. The court plays a crucial role in upholding the Constitution and has been pivotal in landmark decisions that shape Philippine law and society. Its decisions can influence legislative and executive actions, making it a key player in the country's governance.

As of October 2023, the current Chief Justice of India is D.Y. Chandrachud. Three sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India include Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul, K.M. Joseph, and B.R. Gavai. These judges play crucial roles in the interpretation of the law and adjudication of significant cases in the country.

The justices of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) are appointed by the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council. Each justice serves a term of nine years and can be re-elected. The selection process aims to ensure a diverse representation of the world's principal legal systems, with an emphasis on gender and geographical balance.

As of September 2021, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India is N. V. Ramana. He assumed office on April 24, 2021, succeeding Sharad Arvind Bobde. The Chief Justice of India is the head of the Indian judiciary and the highest-ranking judicial officer in the country.

As of my last update in October 2023, the Chief Justice of the Sindh High Court was Justice Ahmed Ali M. Shaikh. He took office in 2019 and has served in various capacities within the judiciary. For the most current information, please verify with up-to-date sources, as judicial appointments can change.

The Chief Justice in Kenya is responsible for the overall administration of the judiciary, including assigning judges to specific roles, presiding over important court cases, and representing the judiciary in interactions with other branches of government. They also play a key role in safeguarding the independence of the judiciary and upholding the rule of law in the country.

International conventions and resolutions play a critical role in shaping global norms and standards on various issues such as human rights, the environment, and trade. They provide a framework for countries to cooperate, set guidelines for behavior, and establish mechanisms for enforcement and accountability. By promoting international cooperation and setting common rules, conventions and resolutions help address transnational challenges and promote peace, security, and sustainable development.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its role is to adjudicate disputes submitted to it by States in accordance with international law and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

Preventing future generations from the scourge of war (much in line with the United Nations) and finding peaceful resolutions in times of international conflict between states.

This question is about European law. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) judges do not always agree (= concur) on whether the community law (= the rules of the European Union) has supremacy over national law of a Member State. That's what you need to discuss: is community law 'more powerful' (supreme over) than national law?

The answer is yes and no.

Yes, because EU community law is not the same as any other type of international law. See case 62/26 ECJ.

No, because the EU and therefore ECJ do not always have full jurisdiction. You will need to see EU treaties TEU and TFEU for that.

35 yr

The maximum is 11 in the Supreme Court of India. Jai Hind!

Mr. M.C. Setalvad was the first Attorney General of India. He served from 28.01.1950 till 01.03.1963. He was also the Chairman of the first Law Commission of independent India which was established in 1955.