Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin was not named leader, Lenin named him one of a group of rulers of the USSR. Past that, he gained his power over the Soviet Union through A Divide and Conquer strategy. If that strategy failed, he used his position as the Secretary of the Communist Party to weed out dissenters that did not always agree with Stalin's methods. His power in the Politburo was staggering. He filled all vacancies with people he trusted and others were either tried for treason or in some cases they "vanished" as Stalin had them liquidated.

Lenin's premature death in 1924, enabled Stalin to solidify his power. Also, true Marxists, such as Trotsky were pushed out of the Party and were exiled and later murdered.

Stalin used the gulag for massive numbers of slave laborers to build the factories and other industrialization products. The gulag was also a constant threat and terror that helped keep the people under J.V. Stalins control. gulags were labor camps

Emperor Hirohito lead japan during world war two

Nationalism is the belief that your nation or ethnic group is superior to others. Taken to an extreme this belief becomes fascism. Fascists believe their national culture should dominate others. The individual becomes less significant. The 'state' is regarded much as a living being that fights, grows, develops. One definition of liberalism is that it believes the rights of the individual are paramount over all other rights. Taken to an extreme this can turn into communism, which is basically the belief that there should be no national state, no ownership of property, no religion to moralize. The individual reigns supreme. All nations are nationistic to some extent and all have at least some belief in individual rights. Fascist Germany was not particularly unique in its nationalist beliefs. Certainly Napoleon France, Colonial England, Manifest Destiny USA and many others have had similar national feeling. BTW, the origin of 'fascist' is from the Latin (Roman times). The term was used to describe a group of sticks tied together that were carried about as a symbol of Roman military and political might. You will often see this symbol used in paintings and statues of famous political persons in all cultures including the USA.

============================================================ You can be sure that a Nations political system(Government) is Fascist or well on it's way to Fascism by observing the following 14 Characteristics:

1. Powerful and Continuing Nationalism - Fascist regimes tend to make constant use of patriotic mottos, slogans, symbols, songs, and other paraphernalia. Flags are seen everywhere, as are flag symbols on clothing and in public displays.

2. Disdain for the Recognition of Human Rights - Because of fear of enemies and the need for security, the people in fascist regimes are persuaded that human rights can be ignored in certain cases because of "NEED." The people tend to look the other way or even approve of torture, summary executions, assassinations, long incarcerations of prisoners, etc.

; ; 3. Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause - The people are rallied into a unifying patriotic frenzy over the need to eliminate a perceived common threat or foe: racial , ethnic or religious minorities; liberals; communists; socialists, terrorists, etc. ; ; 4. Supremacy of the Military - Even when there are widespread ; domestic problems, the military is given a disproportionate amount of government funding, and the domestic agenda is neglected. Soldiers and military service are glamorized. ; ; 5. Rampant Sexism - The governments of fascist nations tend to be almost exclusively male-dominated. Under fascist regimes, traditional gender roles are made more rigid. Divorce, abortion and homosexuality are suppressed and the state is represented as the ultimate guardian of the family institution. ; ; 6. Controlled Mass Media - Sometimes the media is directly controlled by the government, but in other cases, the media is indirectly controlled by government regulation, or sympathetic media spokespeople and executives. Censorship, especially in war time, is very common. ; ; 7. Obsession with National Security - Fear is used as a motivational tool by the government over the masses. ; ; 8. Religion and Government are Intertwined - Governments in fascist nations tend to use the most common religion in the nation as a tool to manipulate public opinion. Religious rhetoric and terminology is common from government leaders, even when the major tenets of the religion are diametrically opposed to the government's policies or actions. ; ; 9. Corporate Power is Protected - The industrial and business aristocracy of a fascist nation often are the ones who put the government leaders into power, creating a mutually beneficial business/government relationship and power elite. ; ; 10. Labor Power is Suppressed - Because the organizing power of labor is the only real threat to a fascist government, labor unions are either eliminated entirely, or are severely suppressed. ; ; 11. Disdain for Intellectuals and the Arts - Fascist nations tend to promote and tolerate open hostility to higher education, and academia. It is not uncommon for professors and other academics to be censored or even arrested. Free expression in the arts and letters is openly attacked. ; ; 12. Obsession with Crime and Punishment - Under fascist regimes, the police are given almost limitless power to enforce laws. The people are often willing to overlook police abuses and even fore go civil liberties in the name of patriotism. There is often a national police force with virtually unlimited power in fascist nations. ; ; 13. Rampant Cronyism and Corruption - Fascist regimes almost always are governed by groups of friends and associates who appoint each other to government positions and use governmental power and authority to protect their friends from accountability. It is not uncommon in fascist regimes for national resources and even treasures to be appropriated or even outright stolen by government leaders. ; ; 14. Fraudulent Elections - Sometimes elections in Fascist nations are a complete sham. Other times elections are manipulated by smear campaigns against or even assassination of opposition candidates, use of legislation to control voting numbers or political district boundaries, and manipulation of the media. Fascist nations also typically use their Judiciaries to manipulate or control elections. If you live in America?,... all the above mentioned characteristics should have you alarmed.

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the superpowers took a step toward peaceful co-existence

Volgograd. It was changed to Stalingrad on 10 April 1925

because they had good kisses

Trotsky understood the importance of a slow collectivization process. So did Stalin and Rykov. When Stalin changed his mind, the results were a disaster and grain production fell to lows, lower than the socalled Hunger Zone" Famine was the result and the entire economy was placed on the brink of disaster.

The ruling Communist party used secret police, torture, and bloody purges to force people to obey.

For the Party and its leader, Stalin, the "State" was the most important thing. Individuals were supposed to serve the State.

Terror became an effective but immoral method to force citizens, communist party members and military officers to follow Stalin's dictates.

He took away their wheat reserves and sold them for improving military industry. People died mostly of starvation.

There are various reasons that Stalin pretended that he was close to Lenin. For example, he thought that it would gain him support.

Joseph Stalin.

Joseph Stalin became ruler of the Soviet Union soon after Lenin died in 1924. Stalin then established a brutal communist dictatorship. He murdered any person he thought might try to take power from him. This included loyal Communist Party members. He led the U.S.S.R. through World War II. After the war, Stalin seized control of Eastern European countries -- an act which started the Cold War. Stalin died of natural causes in 1953. After his death, the Soviet Union was led by a series of communist leaders. Finally, during the early 1990s, Russians turned to a non-communist leader, Boris Yeltsin, and the years of communist dictatorship came to an end.

When Lenin died in 1924 he left no clear successor for leadership of the Communist Party. A group of potential candidates emerged creating a series of factions within the Party. The 1920's was dominated by vigorous debate within the Bolshevik Party about the vision and path to modernize for the USSR.

Stalin was overall more aggressive than Trotsky, who was very submissive politically.

There were a number of things that aided Stalin in his outmaneuver of Leon Trotsky, these include:

Stalin had a superior political strategy ('Socialism in One Country') combined with his position in the Party at the time enabled him to obtain considerable power and influence after the death of Lenin.

Stalin was ruthless, ambitious for power and possessed a practical ideology, which assisted in his victory over Comrade Trotsky by 1928.

On-top of all of this Stalin was politically flexible aligning himself with key and influential figures of the Party to suit his own interests. He cleverly manipulated both to the left, then the right factions of the Party to eliminate competition for leadership.

Lastly, Stalin's position enabled him to hand-pick Party members and appoint key officials for important Party positions. This meant that because he stocked to Party with individuals who owed him their promotion this enabled him to establish a solid support base from which to draw upon.

Stalin formed the eastern block by taking over many countries and cities and making them communist. He is also responsible for the great purge.

His primary technique was purely fear. This is shown in Stalin's Great Purge which "purged" anyone they considered dangerous by persecuting anyone who were considered suspicious. During 1937 and 1938, 1000 people on average were executed everyday.

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because he wanted to have all the power for himself

He was exiled from the Soviet Union to Turkey in February 1929.

Joseph Stalin replaced Vladimir Lenin after his death in 1924. Stalin was a dictator of the Soviet Union for more than 20 years.

United States: Franklin Delano Roosevelt and (briefly) Harry S. Truman

England: Winston Churchill

France: Paul Reynaud

Russia: Joseph Stalin

Depending on the crime and the person involved, some were shot; some imprisoned; some exiled within the country and some exiled out of the country. Many suffered all four types of sentences.

People suffered because of Stalin's ruthless punishments. Stalin held mass executions and had hard labor camps for various reasons including:

-If you were Jewish

-If you were a Kulak who refused to cooperate with collectivisation

-If you expressed opposition to his regime in any way.

-If you fell into German controlled USSR territory during WW2 and supported or helped the German military in any way.

-If you were a Soviet soldier who surrenderred.