Macromolecules

Steroids are a type of lipid, which is a group of macromolecules that are hydrophobic and primarily composed of hydrocarbons.

Cellulose belongs to the group of macromolecules known as carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide made up of repeated glucose monomers linked together in long chains.

Carbohydrates would be the most useful biological macromolecule for running a marathon as they provide a quick source of energy to fuel the muscles during endurance activities. Consuming complex carbohydrates before the race can help store glycogen in the muscles for sustained energy, while simple carbohydrates during the race can provide immediate energy.

Enzymes belong to the group of macromolecules known as proteins. They are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

DNA belongs to the group of macromolecules known as nucleic acids.

We just did this in class and I am working on the lab write-upright now, haha. Ok, to detect macromolecules in foods you use chemical indicators. An indicator is a substance that changes to indicate the presence of a particular compound or type of compound. The indicator may change color or temperature, or produce some other substance, such as, bubbles or a distinctive odor. The change in the indicator is due to a chemical reaction between the indicator and the tested substance. Indicators are very specific and work based on the chemical composition of the indicator and of the substance being detected. Some indicators are sensitive to temperature, pH, and other environmental conditions so it is necessary to know the optimal conditions for using each indicator. Generally, the easiest indicators to use are ones that change color to indicate the presence of a substance. Here are some different tests: Benedict's solution is an indicator that can be used to test for monosaccharides (simple sugars). Benedict's solution is light blue in color. However, when it is heated in the presence of simple sugars, it turns from blue to green or yellow/orange or even to red. The final color depends on the amount and type of monosaccharide. Benedict's solution needs to be heated to work properly.(Or you can use a glucose strip, its much easier, its a piece of paper and you put the end with the colored square in the substance and if it changes color then it has sugar in it) Lugol's Iodine can be used as an indicator for starch. Lugol's Iodine is yellow or light brown in color; in the presence of starch, it turns dark purple or even black. Biuret solution is a protein indicator. Biuret solution is a light blue color; in the presence of protein, the color changes to violet or purple. The shade or darkness of the color depends on the type and concentration of the protein, and can range from a very light violet to a deep purple. Fats and lipids leave a translucent mark on brown paper. Translucent means light can pass through, although distinct images may not be seen through it. Moist foods can be applied directly to brown paper to test for lipids; dry foods can be tested once they are made into an alcohol extract. This is done by grinding the food and placing it in alcohol, and applying samples of the liquid extract to the paper.

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix structure.

The types of DNA sequencing are whole-genome sequencing which maps entire DNA sequences, targeted sequencing which focuses on specific genomic regions, and RNA sequencing which identifies gene expression levels.

a. Carbohydrates - energy storage and structural support

b. Lipids - energy storage and components of membranes

c. Proteins - many functions including enzymes, defense, transport, structure, contraction

d. Nucleic acids - information storage, gene expression

Organic macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are essential components of a balanced diet. These macromolecules provide energy and nutrients necessary for various bodily functions. A balanced diet that includes a proper ratio of these macromolecules ensures optimal health and well-being.

DNA synthesis, properly known as Replication.

To obtain DNA, you can collect a sample containing cells that contain DNA, such as saliva, blood, or tissue. Once you have the sample, you can extract the DNA using a DNA extraction kit or by following a DNA extraction protocol. This process involves breaking down the cell membrane and nucleus to release the DNA, which can then be purified and analyzed.

DNA bases pair up in a specific way: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C). This is known as complementary base pairing. This pairing is essential for the replication and transcription of DNA.

A Tryptophan synthetase A protein, abd enzyme that has 268 amino acids.

Old answer is up there ^^^^^

It's 267 Amino Acids, not 268. :)

Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing macromolecules in the cell, including proteins and nucleic acids. Ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

The four major macromolecules necessary for life are carbohydrates (function: provide energy and structural support; composed of monosaccharides), lipids (function: store energy and form cell membranes; composed of fatty acids and glycerol), proteins (function: carry out cellular functions and provide structural support; composed of amino acids), and nucleic acids (function: store and transmit genetic information; composed of nucleotides).

The Four Macromolecule groups: * Polysaccharides (carbohydrates) * Proteins * Lipids * Nucleic acids have fun

Carbohydrates provide quick energy as they are broken down easily and rapidly into glucose, which can be used by the body for immediate energy production.

Cells that are actively involved in secretion, such as glandular cells or cells of the pancreas, often possess a large number of Golgi bodies. These cells produce and secrete large amounts of proteins and other molecules that require processing and packaging before they can be released from the cell.

Triglycerides are the monomers for lipids. Lipids are a diverse group of macromolecules that include fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids, and they play important roles in energy storage, cell structure, and signaling in organisms.

Proteins are the primary macromolecules that can act as enzymes. They catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. Other macromolecules like RNA can also exhibit enzymatic activity, known as ribozymes.

The four classes of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates provide energy for the body and structure for cells. Lipids function in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure. Proteins are essential for cellular structure and function, serving roles in enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, encode genetic information for cell growth and protein synthesis.

Macromolecules are disassembled through the process of hydrolysis, which involves the addition of a water molecule to break the bonds between monomers. Enzymes are often involved in catalyzing these reactions, allowing for controlled and efficient disassembly of macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Lipids can be obtained from various food sources such as avocados, nuts, seeds, olive oil, and fatty fish like salmon. Consuming a balanced diet that includes a variety of these sources can help you obtain the necessary lipids for your body's functions. Additionally, some processed foods may also contain added fats and oils, although it's important to moderate consumption of these for overall health.