Manufacturing

David Edward Hughes invented the carbon microphone. He lived from 1831-1900, and lived in London, England.

1. Alignment of a part or workpiece.

2. Securing the part or workpiece.

3. Duplication of a process.

4. Maintain or improve part quality.

5. Increase productivity.

6. Reduce cost of production.

7. Improve overall safety to the part, the operator, and the machine.

Thermoplastics can be repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling. Thermosetting plastics, however, harden permanently after being heated once.

An example of thermoplastic is polypropylene (PP - recycling number 5).

An example of thermosetting plastic is polyurathane (PU).

An intermittent process is something that goes on and off a bit any old how, w/o any obvious rhythm to it. A continuous process is something that just runs and runs.

keyboard scanner word prosseser and to give copies to printer The standard technology to use for input of text is a keyboard and more recently, a scanner. The keys are depressed on the keyboard and whatever the user depresses is transferred to the word processor, built into the office application in use. Using a scanner enables one to manipulate text after converting it from jpeg to Word. A scanner can also save in PDF format and there are programs to convert this to Word as well.

Steel wool is not soluble in water, neither can it absorb water but can get wet so if you take the steel wool out of the water the wet (due to capillary action and surface tension) steel wool will weigh more than dry steel wool. Then the steel wool will rust (and the mass will increase because oxygen unites with iron to form the rust).

Cast iron is, as the name implies, "iron" which has been "cast", or melted and poured into a mold. The material is usually not really pure iron but rather an alloy including carbon and (often) silicon.

Iron is not a carcinogen. Iron is a mineral which can be found in a human body. Even iron oxide is not a carcinogen.

It takes much more energy to roll a sheet of metal in cold rolling than it does for hot rolling. Heating up a sheet of metal makes the material more malleable, so when it is rolled between two rollers, it can form into a flat sheet much easier. A cold sheet of metal that is not heated up will be put through the rollers and have a higher amount of energy needed to push it through. Though there is less heating required, this is balanced out by the fact that it must be pushed through with more energy.The cold rolling process is an expensive one, especially compared to the process of hot rolling sheet metal. For example, since cold rolling requires that workers frequently clean parts like the rollers, cold rolling has extra costs for any supplies needed to clean the parts, downtime while the parts are being cleaned and labor costs for the worker who does the cleaning. Also, the additional energy needed in the cold rolling process adds cost to the final product.

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The typical household plug is made from

pins: brass

reason: cheap, wear and corrosion resistant and a good conductor (not compared to gold/silver/plat/copper)

process: forging/casting (not sure)

housing: ABS or PVC

reason: cheap, easy to colour, corrosion resistant, easy to clean, hard wearing

made

process: injection molding.

Printing ink can be expensive, especially for high-quality or specialized inks. The cost of printing ink can vary depending on factors such as the type of ink, color, quantity needed, and the brand. It is important to consider the cost of ink when budgeting for printing projects.

The ASTM equivalent of DIN 1543 is ASTM A572. Both of these materials are a type of carbon steel.

some items are : cutlery, pens, file cabinets etc...

just think about everyday things :)

The board is printed with the negative (in the sense of a photographic image) of the design that is desired on the finished board, in a material that is impervious to the solvent that will subsequently be applied to the board. When that solvent is applied the parts of the board that have not received the printed image are etched away leaving the desired circuitry.

The vast majority of devices that use piezoelectric crystals (piezoelectric buzzers, fish finders, atomic force microscopes, etc.) use crystals of lead zirconate titanate (PZT).

The crystal oscillator in a computer or digital clock uses the piezoelectric effect, but it is usually made of pure quartz (silicon dioxide).

Many different crystals and other materials exhibit the piezoelectric effect, including quartz crystals, cane sugar, and bone.

Yes. Carbon is added to iron in steel to make the steel stronger by making it more rigid. The more rigid a metal is, the less malleable it is.

Mill scale is formed on the outer surfaces of plates, sheets or profiles when they are being produced by rolling red hot iron or steel billets in rolling or steel mills. Mill scale is composed of iron oxides mostly ferric and is bluish black in color. It is usually less than a millimetre thick and initially adheres to the steel surface and protects it from atmospheric corrosion provided no break occurs in this coating. Because it is electro-chemically cathodic to steel, any break in the mill scale coating will cause accelerated corrosion of steel exposed at the break. Mill scale is thus a boon for a while until its coating breaks due to handling of the steel product or due to any other mechanical cause. It is a nuisance when the steel is to be processed. Any paint applied over it is wasted since it will come off with the scale as moisture laden air get under it. Thus mill scale has to be removed from steel surfaces by flame heating, acid pickling or grit/sand blasting. All tedious operations wasteful of energy. This is why shipbuilders used to leave steel delivered freshly rolled from mills out in the open to allow it to 'weather' till most of the scale fell off due to atmospheric action. Now a days most steels mills can supply their produce with mill scale removed and steel coated with shop primers over which welding can be done safely.

A girder is the primary horizontal member carying loads from other beams and slabs connected to it. That is a girder has other beams connecting to it on its sides .Typically beams do not have other beams connecting to it but generally have only slabs transferring the loads to it.

The case is similar to beam and joist combination where the closely spaced joists (floor joist and ceiling joist) transfer the loads to the beam but usually from the top rather than from the sides.

About 1300-1200 BC, There is some indication of rare occurrences of iron before that, but it was so scarce as to be considered a precious metal. That time period marked the end of the Bronze Age, and the start of the Iron Age.

Because in any real-world process, there is always uncertainty, and if you measure with enough precision you will always find variation in dimensions. Tolerances are specified so the machinist knows what is 'tolerable' and what is not acceptable. Assuming you are working in inches... A drawing dimension might be 1.50 +/- .03 . That would usually be a pretty easy tolerance to hit on a machined part. The machinist knows he doesn't need to be obsessive about this operation, and it will fit into where it is going as long as it is between 1.47 and 1.53 . He can measure it with a scale. Now, if it is 1.5000 +/.0001, it is much more difficult. The machinist needs to be very carefull here. He's going to need a good setup on good machinery, and something very precise to check the part with, in order to make a part that works. It is crucial that engineers and designers think about the tolerances they put on part drawings, because overly tight tolerances cost money, and overly loose tolerances might result in assemblies that don't work. Most of the time, the machinist does not know the context the part will be used in, so he/she shouldn't be left to make those decisions himself. When making parts on NC equipment right off CAD models, it is necessary to provide tolerance guidance to the machine shop to make sure the final part meets the need. Critical dimensions need to be identified at a minimum.

This depends on type of fiber.