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Microsoft Windows

Windows is a consumer and enterprise grade family of operating systems developed by Microsoft Corporation. First released in 1985, it has become the best-selling operating system in computer history, and has 90% of the total operating system market.

18,535 Questions

How do you fix winlogon.exe error?

Winlogon is the component of Microsoft Windows operating systems that is responsible for handling the secure attention sequence, loading the user profile on logon, and optionally locking the computer when a screensaver is running (requiring another authentication step).

Winlogon handles interface functions that are independent of authentication policy. It creates the desktops for the window station, implements time-out operations, and in versions of Windows prior to Windows Vista, provides a set of support functions for the GINA and takes responsibility for configuring machine and user Group Policy.

If your PC has been experienced winlogon exe error, you should replace the corrupted one with the compatible version.

What file extensions are used to identify command shell scripts?

For windows, you might use .cmd, .bat as common file extensions.

Unix doesn't use file extensions as associations, so no file extension needs to be used in the Unix environment. A shell script in Unix is simply a text file with any name that is readable and executable.

However, file extensions are typically used in Unix as a documentation aid that states that the file is a shell script. Common extensions are .sh, .csh, .ksh, .tcsh, .zsh, etc.

Is a copy of an outgoing letter used as a file copy?

I assume by 'outgoing letter' you mean an email? If so, then a copy of the email can be found in the Sent folder, found below Inbox.


How do you find out from the 'blue screen of death' how to resolve the issue of permanent Windows crashing after Service Pack 2?

One thing you MUST do when you have a BSOD, GET THE ERROR MESSAGE Write down the error message and then find a system to use and go to Microsoft's knowledge base and put that exact error in the search string line and it should give you some kind of indication what is happening. You may have to play around with the error string but just put it in on the website and see what solutions come back.

Sometimes after you reboot a message will pop up saying "The system has recovered from a serious error" and a option will let you send data to microsoft". Press "send data" and in a couple minutes a web browser window will pop up telling you the problem.

What are Equipment Custodian responsibilities?

It is unethical to place answers to AF tests on the internet.

How do you get a Mac to play an avi file?

To play an AVI file on a Mac use the free Perian plug-in (See links below) which adds many formats that can then be viewed with the QuickTime Player.

What is the handler for a right click in actionscript 2.0?

Unfortunately, there isn't one. Due to a security restriction, the Flash player is not allowed to intercept the right click event. HOWEVER, there is a well-known trick that will allow you to get around this.

You can use Javascript to capture the right click event in the browser, block it, and then tell the Flash file (via a Flash/JS 'bridge') that a right click happened through your own custom event, which your Flash file can then do something with.

This has become far, far, easier in AS3, but in AS2, you can use fscommand to do this:

http://livedocs.adobe.com/flash/9.0/main/wwhelp/wwhimpl/common/html/wwhelp.htm?context=LiveDocs_Parts&file=00001177.html

(Actionscript 3.0 version, much easier: http://www.uza.lt/blog/2007/08/solved-right-click-in-as3/)

However, if you actually want to just change what comes up in the right click menu, you can follow this post to do that (For AS2):

http://freelanceflashgames.com/news/2009/04/08/how-to-disable-the-right-click-menu-in-flash/

What is track view dope sheet?

The Track View - Dope Sheet editor displays keyframes over time on a horizontal graph. This graphical display simplifies the process of adjusting animation timing because you can see all keys at once in a spreadsheet-like format.

You just had cable IP it works with USB but not with Ethernet they put in a new card?

You likely need to reset the cable modem in order for the modem to locate the physical address of your new Ethernet card. Make sure the Ethernet cable is properly connected to both the modem (or your router) and the Ethernet card at the back of the computer. Following tihs you may also want to restart your computer. You also need to make sure the driver is installed for the ethernet card. It should be located on OS or ethernet disk.

What other programs can play music besides Windows Media Player?

There are several different programs that can play music besides Windows Media Player. 'I Heart Radio', 'iTunes', 'Pandora' and 'Quick Time Player' can all play music on an Internet capable device.

What software is needed for video editing and then burn it onto a DVD from th dell inspiron 15?

You need video editing software such as Windows Movie Maker to create video. While version 2.6 Movie Maker program is bundled with Windows software, Windows Live Movie Maker is not (but can be downloaded online for free).

Windows Movie Maker also features a Burn to DVD option too.

What could a fatal system error be caused by?

A fatal system error is a computer glitch that can be caused by downloading an attachment from an email that could have been the product of a virus. Fatal system errors usually require spyware that is also called mal-ware that can detect when something has been loaded on the computer that would cause the device to shut down or to malfunction.

What print subsystem translates commands into motion?

Print engine: accepts data and commands, and translates them into motion.

Your PC does not shut down when turned off?

Specifying the Operating System would help a lot, but I can give you a generic break down of a typical Windows machine which is the safest guess. If it is exiting the operating system, going to a blank screen and not shutting off it could be a faulty Power Supply(PSU). If your operating system is still visible while shutting down and not shutting off, you can have a background program running that is causing a conflict or is malfunctioning. You may want to view your Event Viewer or when shutting down wait for an error message to tell you which program is having an issue when shutting off. This will allow you to disable to application causing the delay.

What is the meaning of 'Commit Charge' which is displayed on the 'Performance' tab of the Windows Task Manager?

"Commit charge" is the total size of all memory which could be stored in the page file(s). It can be thought of as the amount of memory needed by running programs and their data. (In this context, "memory" can be more than just "RAM".)

Modern computers and operating systems don't simply put programs and data into RAM "as is". They use more sophisticated techniques to manage memory. Memory is divided into "pages". Each task gets its own "virtual address space" (also called "virtual memory"). Pages in the virtual address space are mapped to physical RAM and other hardware. That mapping is done by the memory management unit, which is part of the microprocessor.

Some pages may be shared among multiple tasks. These may be the same for all processes. Some shared pages may be "copy on write", where a page starts out as a virtual copy of another page. As long as that virtual copy is only read -- and never written to -- only the original page is needed. An actual copy in RAM isn't made until the virtual copy is written to -- the copy is made "on write", not "on copy".

Some pages in the virtual address space are not used for program storage at all. Disk, video, and network interface controllers generally have memory or buffers of their own, and these get mapped in to virtual memory as well. These pages are used for hardware input/output operations, not storage.

Files from file-systems on disk volumes can also be mapped into virtual memory, making reading and writing to those files work just like reading or writing memory.

As a program runs, it requests memory from the operating system. The system allocates that memory as pages, but doesn't necessarily map them to RAM right away. The system may wait until the program actually accesses the pages before mapping them. This lets a program request a big chunk of memory all at once, even if it doesn't need it right away.

As RAM gets used up, the system can move the contents of less-recently-used pages out to disk (in the page file), freeing up RAM for more active use. If a program then tries to read or write from such pages, the system reads the contents back into RAM before allowing the program to continue.

Because of all this, pages allocated in virtual memory doesn't necessarily use RAM or the page file. Not all pages are allocated for storage, and even those that are allocated for storage may be copies or unused. The system hasn't necessarily allocated actual storage for those yet. However, once a page is allocated for storage, the system is committed to being able to provide storage for it if needed. That is the "commit charge" -- the storage the system has to be able to provide if asked.

Imagine a program which allocates a huge chunk of memory but doesn't use any of it right away. The commit charge will be large, even though actual storage used (RAM, page file) will be small. If that program then writes to every one of those pages, the storage used will catch up to the commit charge.

The limit on the commit charge is the size of usable RAM, plus the size limits of all page files.