Ozone Layer

CFCs, or chlorofluorocarbons, are known to deplete the ozone layer when they break down in the atmosphere. This can lead to increased levels of harmful UV radiation reaching Earth, resulting in negative effects such as skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to marine ecosystems. Efforts to reduce CFC emissions have been enacted under international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer and mitigate these impacts.

Yes. Loss of ozone protection includes increased rates of cancer, mutation, cataracts, and decreased hardiness of us and our fellow cohabitants of Earth's surface. This means loss of crops (essentially) both now and into the future.

In general, when there is UltraViolet-B from the Sun that could harm humans, there is UltraViolet-C from the Sun to make protective ozone. Under the ozone hole there is no protection.

Assuming the object did not contain lots of chlorine, bromine or water vapor to have long term effects on the ozone layer, then the objects "below" them would be just as dead, but the rest of Earth would just have to worry about the dust thrown into the air. If it landed in the ocean, or in another sulfur pocket, the rest of Earth would have a lot more to worry about than some additional ozone depletion.

The ozone layer prevents a portion ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface. Full strngth ultraviolet light would damage plants and animals by sunburning them or causing cancer. The thinner the ozone layer the more potential there is for these adverse effects.

The hole in the ozone layer is located over the poles that is Antarctica and arctic. It is because the process of ozone depletion requires very low temperatures to initiate and that temperature is only available at the poles.

The first method is coal scrubbers to make clean coal generation. If 100% of all coal burning plants had this equipment installed we could see changes in our atmosphere of over 0.0001% over the next several thousand years.

The second possible solution to curbing man induced Carbon Dioxide is to complete shut down all power, heat and air conditioning to all building that are occupied by humans. Our buildings produce over 50% of all our current emissions and almost 3% of all CO2 produced annually. If we were to do this, massive death would occur to a large portion of the planet and the decomposition of these individuals would cause a temporary rise in the total CO2 concentrations. After decomposition was complete we could see the lowering of the overall rise by almost 1 ppm per decade.

The third alternative would be to completely shut down 100% of all human activity. While this would again cause short term gain in CO2 levels during the decomposition of the dead, we would see overall rise of CO2 slow to almost nothing.

It should be pointed out that humans make up less then 7% of all CO2 produced and less then 0.3% of all green house gases.

The current belief that CO2 levels have risen dramatically is very politically motivated. The current claimed rise from 290 to 390 ppm (a total atmosphere change of 0.01%) is based on very questionable data. The 290 PPM number comes from Glacial samples. Current levels near these sites remains about 290 PPM (no change). The above plans for CO2 reduction may prove to have far less impact then claimed. Cost to human life could be much higher then stated.

The ozone in the earth's upper atmosphere uniquely absorbs UV-B from our Sun, which would otherwise directly damage the DNA of all surface life... cataracts, melanoma, mutation, and decreases in crop yields. See "What does the ozone layer do?" link below for more. On one hand, long wave ultraviolet light (UV-A) striking the skin produces natural vitamin D in the body, which helps metabolize calcium into bone tissue. On the other hand, short wave ultraviolet light is ionizing radiation which can produce skin cancer. At ground level, ozone is a respiratory irritant, and can aggrivate the respiratory tract and also asthmatic conditions as the ozone is so reactive, it reacts with substances like mucus membranes in your body. Ground level Ozone is most commonly produced by burning fossil fuels, which release oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and unburned fuel. Sunlight converts them with Oxygen in the air to produce Ozone. Ozone can cause breathing difficulties, headaches, tiredness, and in extreme cases... death. Ozone will do everything that oxygen will do, and some things that it won't. It is a powerful oxidizer and is much more powerful than oxygen alone. There are some adherents to alternative medicine who claim many "cures" using ozone. However, there appear to be legitimate medical uses for ozone; see the Related Link. It purifies water--most of the bottled water you see says "purified by ozonation" on it. They use an air stone (or eductor) to bubble ozone through the water, and the ozone kills any organisms that might be living there. Eductors are today more commonly used to apply ozone to drinking water, since eductors do not provide tiny difficult to clean pores in a drinking water system like diffuser stones do. They also provide the possibility of applying ozone into pressurized systems. Ozone is applied into sewer manholes, where it dissolves grease (along with water vapor) and destroys odors (however briefly). Ozone is applied to municipal water (in some cases), where it will destroy pharmaceuticals, destroy taste and odor, make organic molecules easier for activated cabon to destroy, sterilize the water, and act as a flocculant (agglomeration of contaminant molecules that can settle or filter more easily). In organic synthetic chemistry, ozone is used in as a reagent in ozonolysis reaction that oxidize a carbon double to two aldehydes. This is a very useful reaction but dangerous.

The doldrums are generally the area around the equator. This is an area of light winds and rising warm moist air. a boundary north and south of these doldrums changes with the season and is called the doldrum trough. either side of the doldrum trough north or south of the equator are the trade winds. The doldrum is important in the exchange of warm air for the exchange of warm equatorial air with sinking cold polar air. Without the energy exchange the earth would grow colder in the north and south regions of the planet, and hotter in the tropical regions. The exchange process is more complex than you might imagine, because of the rotation of the earth, the location of land masses, the ocean currents with their temperatures and salinity and on and on.

The homosphere is the portion of the earth's atmosphere, up to an altitude of about 50 miles above sea level, in which there is continuous turbulent mixing, and hence the composition of the atmosphere is relatively constant; as opposed to the heterosphere or exosphere, the higher regions in which the composition becomes stratified

Global warming can lead to the expansion of the lower layers of the atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere) due to increased greenhouse gas concentrations. This can result in changes in temperature profiles and circulation patterns, impacting weather and climate. The upper layers of the atmosphere (mesosphere and thermosphere) may experience cooling due to changes in energy distribution.

Ozone has molecular formula O3. Ozone is formed when monatomic oxygen encounters an oxygen molecule, or when N2O5 decays. Monatomic oxygen is formed when UV light of 215nm or shorter, or an energetic electron, dissociates an oxygen molecule. These oxygen atoms are called free radicals. ie they have at least one unpaired electron. Because of this, free radicals are very reactive. An oxygen atom will then react with an O2 (oxygen) molecule to form ozone. Additonally, there are biological pathways where ATP can generate ozone (the roots of marigolds produce it when attacked by predators).

The ozone layer is located in the lower stratosphere. The stratosphere has increasing temperature with increasing altitude. Today (2009mar09), the bottom of the stratosphere is about -45°C at the North pole, and about -65°C over the USA. Likewise for the South pole, it is about -45°C and over Australia it is about -75°C.

See the link below for more infomation.

Ozone in the troposphere must be reduced to stop people and organisms from developing respiratory problems and reduced lung function. Ozone molecules in the troposphere are considered a pollutant. This is where doing things such as reducing your vehicle usage via public transport and walking/riding a bike is considered a good way to reduce the amount of O3 molecules in the troposphere as O3 requires NOx (either NO or NO2) to be produced, as in the equation: NO2 + sunlight --> NO + O which leads to production of O3 by: O(from above) + O2 --> O3 As we can see sunlight is needed, so driving at night instead of during the day can also help. Other ways of reducing ozone include: * Avoiding prolonged idling or jack rabbit starts. * Postpone mowing lawns until evening. * Use latex rather than oil based paints. * Save energy ¾ don't overcool houses or offices. * Wash dishes or clothes with full loads. * Reduce industrial VOC and NOx emissions. Ozone in the stratosphere is important not to reduce as this 'good' ozone layer keeps UV radiation busy in the process of making and destroying ozone molecules so that it doesn't reach the Earth's surface where it can damage plants and animals.

1000 mg = 1 gram 6000 mg = 6 grams

Thinning of ozone layer leads to negative effects. Such effects include ultraviolet rays penetrating to earth that leads to skin cancer, and death of plants and animals. The temperature of the earth keeps on increasing.

The formula weight for O3 is the same as the molecular weight which is taking all the elements, multiplying its mass, and then adding the products.

Oxygen's mass is 16 g on the periodic table & there's three of them so: 16x3= 48 g (molecular weight) = This is your Formula weight. Hope that helped.

Jupiter has 3 layers of clouds.

In chemistry, an allotropism is the ability of an element to exist in more than one physical form without a change of state.

there are different types of measurement which include centimeter,inches,meters,S1 untis,feet,yards,miles and knots

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The unique system of units legal, rational, scientific and practically universal is the Systeme International d'Unites (SI). All other systems are obsolete and without any link with science..

Only United States make a strong opposition to SI.

During World War I, the armies that had significantly increased in size between 1870 and 1914 included those of Germany, France, Russia, and the British Empire. These countries had undergone military reforms and modernization efforts during this period, leading to the expansion of their armed forces.

CFC, or chlorofluorocarbon, gases are synthetic compounds made up of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms. They were commonly used in various industries, such as refrigeration and air conditioning, but have been largely phased out due to their harmful impact on the ozone layer, which protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Ozone layer has many holes in it. However it has a considerable major hole in it above Antartica continent. It is formed due to CFC gas. Beacuse of the hole there is an increase in the temperature of earth.

Baba O'Riley is a combination of both Meher Baba and Terry Riley, and the song is an homage or expression of respect to both men.

Meher Baba (1894-1969 , was an Indian mystic and spiritual master, and Pete Townsend's spiritual guru.

Terry Riley (1934-present), musician and composer, studied spirituality while in India, and his innovative use of keyboards influenced Townsend and were incorporated on the 1971 album, Who's Next.