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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
Who postulated the existence of the neutrino?
Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky proposed the existence of the neutron star in 1934.
Antony Hewish and Samuel Okoye discovered "an unusual source of high radio brightness temperature in the Crab Nebula" in 1965, which turned out to be the Crab Nebula neutron star.
How many protons and electrons are in lithuim?
The atomic number of Lithium is 3. That means there are 3 protons and 3 electrons.
Why are valence electrons significant?
They are significant because they determine what element would be in a specific block (s,p,d,f).
Can an electron at rest be set in motion by the magnetic field?
Sure. A charge in a magnetic field experiences a force.
A force acting on a mass produces acceleration.
Remember the old-style TV sets that were about 6 feet deep from front to back ?
That type of picture tube is called a 'CRT', for "cathode-ray tube'.
There's a hot wire at the back end of the picture tube that produces a cloud of
electrons. The front face of the picture tube has a high positiver voltage on it,
to attract the negative electrons to the front. On the way there, the electrons
have to go through these magnet coils that are around the neck of the picture
tube. The magnetic field inside the neck pulls the stream of electrons left and right,
up and down, left and right, and that's how they draw a picture on the front face
when they get there.
Application of the law of gravitation to explain the formation of black holes?
Specifically for a black hole the range of gravitational influence is calculated by the "Shwarzchild Radius" and surprisingly the radius is quite small for even the biggest blackhole, If a blackhole had the mass of the earth, then the Shwarzchild radius would only be a centimeter! Meaning you would have to come with in a centimeter of the blackhole to get sucked in.
How do you find the electron dot configuration?
to find the electron dot configuration of an element simply draw dots, symbolizing valance electrons, in a way that they are farthest from each other around the symbol of the element you are using.
In an atom which two subatomic particles are present in equal amounts?
I think protons and neutrons, but I don't know for sure. It might be, because the protons and neutrons are placed together in the nucleus?
I might be wrong, but I tried:)
What causes electricity to flow?
Electrical conductors (wires) are primarily made of copper or aluminum. All metals will conduct current. Conductors are elements that have 1 or 2 electrons in the outer (valance) shell of their atoms. These electrons are loosely held or are already floating around in the crystalline lattice of the material. When a voltage is applied to a conductor, these electrons move from negative to positive, since electrons have a negative charge (like charges repel, unlike charges attract).
Would an antimatter bomb be more powerful than a nuke?
If such a device could be made, it would be a lot more powerful than a nuke of similar size, as ALL the mass of the antimatter and neutralising matter would be anhialated and turned to energy, instead of a small fraction of total mass of uranium, plutonium etc.
Currently not a real threat to the world as antimatter is extremely expensive to produce and the total amount manufactured to date would only power a 60 watt light bulb for a few hours, and cost $ billions to produce.
Ds1ao: with on gram of antimatter you can make a 43 kiloton bomb (more than three times as powerful as the bomb dropped on Hiroshima
What is the number of subatomic particles in francium?
Californium has 98 electrons and 98 protons; the number of neutrons is different for each isotope of Cf.
What evidence is there that electrons are negatively charged particles?
You should understand that it is an arbitrary choice, to call the charge on an electron negative rather than positive. Everything that we know about electromagnetism and sub-atomic particles would work just as well if we had decided to call the charge on the electron plus one, and the charge on the proton minus one. What matters is that protons and electrons have opposite charges (and of course, the various other charged particles have their various charges which relate to the charges of protons and electrons). That is all that we are trying to convey by the use of the term negative. It is opposite to the proton.
The existence of these charges is abundantly, even super-abundantly verified by countless millions of experiments, observations, electrical devices, etc.
If it is found it is expected to explain the various masses of the known particles, if it is not found it might be too massive for the LHC to make. If it is proven not to exist we may have to wait for the Supersymmetry theory to explain particle masses.
Why neutrons were discovered quite late?
Neutrons were discovered last, probably due to the lack of an electric charge. An electric charge would make the neutron more obvious for a variety of experiments.
Electron is a negative sub atomic particle which revolves round the nucleus.
When the proton number and electron number are unequal?
You have an ion with a positive or negative charge.
Ex.: [H+] is a positive hydrogen ion waiting to accept another atom to form a compound with.
What is the fundamental force which holds particles together to form protons and neutrons?
It is called the Strong Force, specifically the ResidualStrong Force. The Fundamental Strong Force is what holds quarks (which make up Protons and Neutrons) together. The Residual Strong Force is mediated by virtual mesons and has an effective range of 10^(-15) Meters and gets significatly weaker beyond this point. This is the diameter of a Lead atom's nucleus- any bigger and it will become unstable, which is why all elements greater than this are radioactive.
How many subatomic particles in sodium?
It really depends in which atom you're talking about. because a hydrogen atom which it's atomic number is 1 has 1 electron, 1 neutron, and 1 proton; the helium atom, has an atomic number of 2, the nitrogen atom of 7, and Unumquadium of 114, meaning that Unumquadium has 342 subatomic particles( a radioactive element , and also a syntetic one, meaning that it is not found in nature, and its manmade)
How do the subatomic particles differ from one another?
Protons and neutrons are situated in the nucleus; electrons orbit this atomic nucleus.
The electrons are so far outside the nucleus that the protons (which reside in the nucleus) have no opportunity to interact with protons in other atoms. The electrons interact with electrons in other atoms, and that's all that happens. Protons in different atoms never have a chance to get close to each other.
What type of molecule forms when two molecules have an unequal sharing of electrons?
When two atoms are bonded together but have an unequal sharing of electrons the newly formed molecule is said to be bound by ionic bonds. This unequal sharing is due to differential attractions of the atoms in the molecule to the electrons.
What are three types of subatomic particles are and?
Neutron: James Chadwick, 1932
Electron: J. J. Thomson, 1897
Proton: Ernest Rutherford, 1919
How many electrons does Li-7 have?
3: The total number of electrons in any neutral atom is always the same as the atomic number of the element.
