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Reformation History
The history of The Reformation started when Western European Catholics opposed what they believed to be false doctrines and ecclesiastic malpractice within the Catholic Church. The movement’s famous leaders include Martin Luther and John Calvin.
1,691 Questions
John Hus was burned at the stake for numerous heresies, and he certainly appealed to the Bible on most of these. I don't know if he ever specifically came out and said that the Bible had greater authority than the Pope. I can't imagine any Catholic believing such a thing as the Popes were appointed by Our Blessed Lord Himself beginning with St. Peter in Matthew 16:17-19, and the Bible was not put together and promulgated until nearly four hundred years later.
As Our Blessed Lord did appoint a pope and never wrote anything other than some words in the dirt, and it was the Pope who promulgated the Bible, such a theory would be considered absurd by any right thinking man.
What was the reaction of the Catholic Church to the Reformation?
from the Catholic Encyclopedia
The term Counter-Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648. The name, though long in use among Protestant historians, has only recently been introduced into Catholic handbooks. The consequence is that it already has a meaning and an application, for which a word with a different nuance should perhaps have been chosen. For in the first place the name suggests that the Catholic movement came after the Protestant; whereas in truth the reform originally began in the Catholic Church, and Luther was a Catholic Reformer before he became a Protestant. By becoming a Protestant Reformer, he did indeed hinder the progress of the Catholic reformation, but he did not stop it. from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957
The Counter-Reformation is the name given to the Catholic movement of reform and activity which lasted for about one hundred years from the beginning of the Council of Trent (q.v., 1545), and was the belated answer to the threatening confusion and increasing attacks of the previous years. It was the work principally of the Popes St. Pius V and Gregory XIII and the Council itself in the sphere of authority, of SS. Philip Neri and Charles Borromeo in the reform of the clergy and of life, of St. Ignatius and the Jesuits in apostolic activity of St. Francis Xavier in foreign missions, and of St. Teresa in the purely contemplative life which lies behind them all. But these were not the only names nor was it a movement of a few only; the whole Church emerged from the 15th century purified and revivified. On the other hand, it was a reformation rather than a restoration; the unity of western Christendom was destroyed; the Church militant (those still on earth) led by the Company of Jesus adopted offence as the best means of defence and, though she gained as much as she lost in some sense, the Church did not recover the exercise of her former spiritual supremacy in actuality. from Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden City, NY 1980
A period of Catholic revival from 1522 to about 1648, better know as the Catholic Reform. It was an effort to stem the tide of Protestantism by genuine reform within the Catholic Church. There were political movements pressured by civil rules, and ecclesiastical movements carried out by churchmen in an attempt to restore genuine Catholic life by establishing new religious orders such as the Society of Jesus and restoring old orders to their original observances, such as the Carmelites under St. Teresa of Avila (1515-98). The main factors responsible for the Counter Reformation, however, were the papacy and the council of Trent (1545-63). Among church leaders St. Charles Borromeo (1538-84), Archbishop of Milan, enforced the reforms decreed by the council, and St. Francis de Sales of Geneva (1567-1622) spent his best energies in restoring genuine Catholic doctrine and piety. Among civil rulers sponsoring the needed reform were Philip II of Spain (1527-98) and Mary Tudor (1516-58), his wife, in England. Unfortunately this aspect of the reformation led to embitterment between England and Scotland, England and Spain, Poland and Sweden, and to almost two centuries of religious wars. As a result of the Counter Reformation, the Catholic Church became stronger in her institutional structure, more dedicated to the work of evangelization, and more influential in world affairs.
What were the three complaints people had about the Roman Catholic church in the early 1500s?
Some complaints that people had about the Catholic Church in the 1500s were some reformers thought priests and bishops weren't very religious anymore. They claimed that many priests didn't even know basic church teachings. Others felt that the pope was too involved in politics, neglecting his religious duties. These people found it hard to see their pope as their spiritual leader.
GO ROBLOX ! - Xx1nfinityxX
What were the two types of Christianity that existed in Europe before the Protestant Reformation?
There were two main churches: Roman Catholic and Orthodox.
- UPDATE -
Actually there were three main churches at the time, the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodox Church.
The Oriental Orthodox Church was the first church to break away from the Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox Church) in 451AD followed by the Roman Catholic Church in 1054AD.
What if the Reformation never happened?
There would've never been a Soviet Union; there never would've been any Red Scares; Russia would've probably remained a backward monarchy (though millions of people wouldn't have died under Stalin's regime as well as Lenin's, since most of his regime was marked by the Russian Civil War), and when the Nazis came to power in Germany and began conquering most of Europe, they would've likely succeeded in conquering Russia which would've been a huge victory for the German war cause and would've probably contributed to a Nazi victory in World War II; assuming of course there would've been a World War II. Had the Russian Revolution never happened, there's also a chance Russia would've never left the war, although since Russia left the war the same year the U.S. entered, Germany would've probably still lost. Who can say, all this can be open to interpretation. The point is, had the Russian Revolution never happened, a lot of the major events in modern history would've never happened.
What did martin Luther hope to achieve by postinq the 95 theses?
Luther had come to believe that Christians are saved through faith and not through their own efforts. Luther became increasingly angry about the clergy selling 'indulgences' - promised remission from punishments for sin, either for someone still living or for one who had died and was believed to be in purgatory. On 31 October 1517, he published his '95 Theses', attacking papal abuses and the sale of indulgences. with money and balls in your mouth
What is the difference between the English Reformation and the Protestant and Catholic Reformations?
The English reformation was state led, originally anyhow! It had very little support from the English people or Church initially. It made no real changes to the Church only abolishing some few medieval intrusions or additions to the faith! It also returned the Anglican Church, the Church in England, back to its roots in the catholicity of the first thousand years before the split between east and west!
At first he believed in black nationalism but after his trip to Mecca he believed in unity.
He also belived in crime. And he onced said; "I am for whoever and whatever benefits humanity as a whole.
What christian denominations emerged from the Reformation?
The first were the Lutheran's as a result of Martin Luther's Reformation in Germany. The second were the Dutch Reformed(Presbaterian in USA)because of the French theologian John Calvin and his ideas on predestination and other arguments against the Catholic church.The third was the Anglican/Episcopal church who see themselves as Catholic but also Reformed. King Henry wanted to divorce his wife but at that time divorce wasn't allowed in the Catholic church and the Pope would not allow it. So Henry separated himself from the church of Rome and made his own separate branch of Christianity. The forth main church were a group known as Mennonite's. A group who were Baptists but accepted some of the teachings of a Swiss man by the name of Ulrich Zwingli who was once an Augustinian monk along with his friend Martin Luther. After the Reformation Zwingli still held onto some Roman beliefs like infant Baptism. In latter years came what some would call the "second English reformation". The reality is that it was more of a revival and separation than anything. It began with an Anglican clergyman named John Wesley, who found that the church of England was not doctrinally correct on many things. He became a preacher and minister and began a revival his followers became known as Methodist, meaning people who fallowed the "Method" of the Bible. Later on came many independent branches of Christianity such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints(The Mormons)from a young boy named Joseph Smith who had a Pentecostal experiences and a vision of the trinity. Others include Jehovah's Witness, Penticostal, Nazarines,Seventh Day Adventist, Vinuard Church etc....
Why did Catholics dislike Martin Luther?
He told them the truth: they were being greedy and almost entirely the opposite of what they should have been as Christian leaders. Nobody likes being told they are wrong, especially when they know it to be true and when people might start to realise and do something about it. In their case, the easiest way out was to simply excommunicate him and denounce him as a heretic, or an evildoer of many types.
What were the goals of the Catholic Reformation and did it succeed?
Catholic Answer It was the Catholic response to the protestant reformation (also called the Counter-Reformation), although the Catholic Reform actually started before the protestant revolt. It involved greater emphasis on the central power of the papacy, the clarification of a number of core doctrines and the refutation of Protestant beliefs at the Council of Trent, and the growth of popular religious movements at grass-roots levels such as the Society of Jesus to promote Catholic doctrines and root out heretical beliefs. To a large extent it did succeed but it failed in bringing many of those back to the church who had been lost, and the generations that followed who have been denied access to the sacraments.
from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957
The Counter-Reformation is the name given to the Catholic movement of reform and activity which lasted for about one hundred years from the beginning of the Council of Trent (q.v., 1545), and was the belated answer to the threatening confusion and increasing attacks of the previous years. It was the work principally of the Popes St. Pius V and Gregory XIII and the Council itself in the sphere of authority, of SS. Philip Neri and Charles Borromeo in the reform of the clergy and of life, of St. Ignatius and the Jesuits in apostolic activity of St. Francis Xavier in foreign missions, and of St. Teresa in the purely contemplative life which lies behind them all. But these were not the only names nor was it a movement of a few only; the whole Church emerged from the 15th century purified and revivified. On the other hand, it was a reformation rather than a restoration; the unity of western Christendom was destroyed; the Church militant (those still on earth) led by the Company of Jesus adopted offence as the best means of defence and, though she gained as much as she lost in some sense, the Church did not recover the exercise of her former spiritual supremacy in actuality.
How did the pope react to martin luther's protest?
the pope banned him form the church but then later tried to get him back so people wouldn't leave the church.
What is the name of the Catholic Church year?
The name of the yearly cycle that the Roman Catholic Church undergoes is called the Liturgical Year. There are several Liturgical Seasons celebrated during the Mass and throughout her Liturgy. They are written in order: Advent/Christmas, Ordinary Time, Lent/Easter, Pentecost (for one week, the Church offers Mass for Pentecost), and Ordinary Time. The Liturgical Year ends on the last week of Ordinary Time, on the feast of Christ the King. Then, the Liturgical Cycle begins again with Advent. It is noteworthy to mention that the Church creates a new Paschal Candle with the current year at the Easter Vigil, on the night before Easter Sunday. There is also a Cycle with the Gospels: Cycle A, Cycle B, Cycle C. In each of these cycles, which changes as does the Liturgical Year, different Gospel authors are read at the Liturgies. I hope this answers your question.
What effect did the Reformation have on Europe including Europe monarchies?
The protestant revolt did not affect the authority of the Catholic Church. It has the same authority that it has always had since it was founded by Jesus Christ in 33 AD. The Catholic Church's authority is from God alone so the actions of individual heretics cannot affect it except in a superficial manner.
What were the four consequenceces of the thirty years war?
The immediate consequence which led to the Thirty Year's War was the revolt of the Protestants of Bohemians who were unhappy with Ferdinand II because of his anti-Protestant policy. The trouble started when Ferdinand II ordered destruction of Protestant Church at Prague. The protestant people immediately rose in revolt, tossed the royal officers out of the castle windows and offered the crown to Frederick, Elector of Palatine. Ferdinand II treated the acceptance of the crown by Frederick as a direct challenge and the Thirty Years' War commenced in 1618.
What changes did Martin Luther make to the Catholic church?
The changes Martin Luther made to the catholic church were: They had to print the bible in more than one language. He also thought that people should not have to pay the church to ask for god's forgiveness for a sin. Remember this is not Martin Luther King Jr.
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Wait a minute - While Fr. Martin Luther was a Roman Catholic priest, it is absurd to think he singlehandedly change the Catholic Church!
Instead, he set about to create his own group - those who protested - and they became known as the Protestants. While the Catholic Church does NOT require anyone to pay the Church to ask for forgiveness, in the Middle Ages (much like today) there were corrupt people who took advantage of the poor and uneducated and charged a "fee" for an "indulgence." The uneducated people of the day saw indulgences as "get out of Hell free" cards.
In addition, Luther could not accept the Church's authority on issues of faith and morals. He could not believe in the doctrine of transubstantiation and decided that instead of having faith, he'd make a new church that was easier to follow and devoid of any of the difficult dogma of the Catholic Church.
Certainly Luther was right about the grievous sin of taking advantage of the uneducated and poor, he was wrong about Transubstantiation. He could have done the world a great deal of good had he worked for change from within instead of causing division.
How did the reformation lead to the growth of frderslism?
Since the Protestat didnt have any priest, bishops or the clergy. They would have a congregation, community of worshippers the made its own rules and elected it own leader.
Once people began to govern their churches, they also wanted political power.
Time passed and the congregations increased.They began to to affect other peoples lives, but it didnt replace the national government.
Finally the national rulers shared some power with the local government
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Which is called FEDERALISM
What caused peasants to oppose the reform of the church?
They believed that the pope should rule over a church independent of the state
Did Jean Calvin believe in predestination?
Martin Luther was the one who came up with the modern view of predestination in Lutheranism, which is that people are predestined to heaven, but they are not predestined to hell.
Answer Martin Luther was not at all focused on predestination, however, since for him "justification by grace through faith" was the focus of Christianity. Other Protestants, such as Calvin, were much more interested in the idea of predestination, so in Calvinist denominations predestination plays a much more central role than it does in Lutheranism.
How did the printing press help the Roman Catholic Church?
It allowed critics of the Catholic Church to make copies of their writings more easily.
Was the selling of indulgences a way for the pope to raise money?
Selling indulgences raised money for the church and the pope. They managed to convince the people to buy indulgences even though common sense would tell people that buying a piece of paper does not rid all of a person's sins.
What was the war of the roses about?
it was fought over England so whoever won the battle won the land
It was effectively a civil war between the House of Lancaster (Red Rose) & the House of York (White Rose) it culminated in the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 when Henry VII defeated Richard III & began the House of Tudor. It was a dynastic power struggle for the accession of the English crown.
What was the Catholic Church's response to Martin Luther?
The Catholic Church condemned Martin Luther as a heretic, excommunicated him from the Church and refuted those of his writings that were against the Faith. Ultimately, however, Martin Luther was a symptom to a much larger problem, for had it not been Luther, it would have been someone else. Had Luther not struck at the time he had, he would have just been another heresiarch, but the world was festering at the time, rulers were looking for political leverage to oust the Church, the printing press gave immeasurable power for those that applied its ability to replicate tracts, and a new class of society was looking to firmly establish itself where it could.
At the time, Europe had for a while been influenced by Humanism as well as an emerging middle class that was constantly struggling to forge its own place in the disintegrating feudal system. As the roads became safer and trade and travel increased, many old Greek and Roman texts reemerged from the monasteries and education geared up. Crusaders also brought back from the Holy Land many ancient parchments and works that the Muslims had already recovered and were studying themselves. The culmination of all this change and emergence was the Renaissance. Things began to change and progress so fast that the Church, which always worked very slowly, soon fell behind in addressing those issues that had come to light, both abuses and needs. Many make the sale of indulgences as the big issue, when in fact, it was mostly done by unscrupulous pardoners or slyly promoted by a handful of greedy Church officials and so was a rather petty thing. There were much more pressing matters, such as the relation of the Church to emerging nationalism and the immense political pressures that were surfacing, the threat of the invading Muslims, the loosening of the rubrics, multiplication of religious orders and devotions, challenges of humanistic philosophy against the theology of the Church, etc. The emerging Middle Class brought with it a rebellious streak that saw the desire for power without nobility, wealth without titles, education without responsibility and philosophy without theology. The entire social order was quaking and in the centuries ahead would finally end with revolutions in most every country.
In this time the Church began what has been called the "Counter-Reformation" in order to reinforce the Church and bolster the faithful against the rampant errors and rebellious ideologies that were so popular. The pinnacle of this movement was the Council of Trent, which blasted the errors, streamlined Church doctrine, the sacraments, further defined things to proof them against heresy and boldly set forth a direction for the Church to follow. As a result the Catholic heart of Europe ultimately survived the rippling Protestant revolt, though several nations and the northern regions proved highly susceptible. The Renaissance became harnessed by the Church in order to produce the height of Church architecture, music, art and theological studies and schools became defined and precise. The modern spirit, however, was deep set and there to stay and the Church has been battling with it ever since.
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Catholic AnswerThe Church's response to Martin Luther, the protestant revolt, and his leading people away from salvation is called the Counter-Reformation by scholars:from
Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden City, NY 1980
A period of Catholic revival from 1522 to about 1648, better know as the Catholic Reform. It was an effort to stem the tide of Protestantism by genuine reform within the Catholic Church. There were political movements pressured by civil rules, and ecclesiastical movements carried out by churchmen in an attempt to restore genuine Catholic life by establishing new religious orders such as the Society of Jesus and restoring old orders to their original observances, such as the Carmelites under St. Teresa of Avila (1515-98). The main factors responsible for the Counter Reformation, however, were the papacy and the council of Trent (1545-63). Among church leaders St. Charles Borromeo (1538-84), Archbishop of Milan, enforced the reforms decreed by the council, and St. Francis de Sales of Geneva (1567-1622) spent his best energies in restoring genuine Catholic doctrine and piety. Among civil rulers sponsoring the needed reform were Philip II of Spain (1527-98) and Mary Tudor (1516-58), his wife, in England. Unfortunately this aspect of the reformation led to embitterment between England and Scotland, England and Spain, Poland and Sweden, and to almost two centuries of religious wars. As a result of the Counter Reformation, the Catholic Church became stronger in her institutional structure, more dedicated to the work of evangelization, and more influential in world affairs.
