Reformation History

Prior to the 1500s, the Church was looked to as the authority on knowledge. Unlike today, where thousands of Christian sects exist, prior to the 1500s and Martin Luther's Reformation, there was only one Christian Church in existence, led by the Pope, whom Christians all over Europe understood to possess infallibility, which was why they had authority on knowledge. Only with the secession of Martin Luther and the rise of Protestantism did confusion begin to flourish as to who or what was the final authority of knowledge. But from the 1st to 15th century AD, it was understood to be the Church.

For Catholics, relics are those items remaining of holy personages or places. Regarding saints, there are three classes of relics.

A first class relic is a piece of the actual saint themselves. This usually consists in either a piece of bone or hair. First class relics must be authenticated by the Church before they can be publicly venerated. First class relics used to be embedded in altar stones, which were inserted into a Catholic altar which would then be consecrated for use at Mass. These relics came from saints that died as martyrs, in keeping the concept of sacrifice.

A second class relic consists of something the saint touched or used during their life. This consists of clothing, tools, objects, etc. Second class relics also require authentication before they can be publicly veneration.

A third class relic is one that has been touched to a first class relic. It is kept mainly for private devotion and is not for use for public veneration.

A Catholic artifact following the definition of an artifact in general, i.e. "any object made by human work". This includes churches, holy vessels, vestments, books, etc. These artifacts may or may not be consecrated depending on their use.

The Protestants were opposed to the Roman Catholic church, but within the reformation there were two main groups, Lutherans, who followed Martin Luther, and Reformed, who followed John Calvin.

The Protestant Refomation led to Christianity to be divided into Protestants and Catholics. Exactly Correct. The rest of this answer is by iskater66... The Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe. It is thought to have begun in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.[1] The movement began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. Many western Catholics were troubled by what they saw as false doctrines and malpractices within the Church, particularly involving the teaching and sale of indulgences. Another major contention was the practice of buying and selling church positions (simony) and what was seen at the time as considerable corruption within the Church's hierarchy. This corruption was seen by many at the time as systemic, even reaching the position of the Pope. Martin Luther's spiritual predecessors included men such as John Wycliffe and Johannes Hus, who had attempted to reform the church along similar lines, though their efforts had been largely unsuccessful. The Reformation can be said to have begun in earnest on October 31, 1517, in Wittenberg, Saxony (in present-day Germany). There, Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the All Saints' Church, which served as a notice board for university-related announcements.[1] These were points for debate that criticized the Church and the Pope. The most controversial points centered on the practice of selling indulgences and the Church's policy on purgatory. Other reformers, such as Ulrich Zwingli, soon followed. Beliefs and practices under attack by Protestant reformers included purgatory, particular judgment, devotion to Mary (Mariology), the intercession of and devotion to the saints, most of the sacraments, the mandatory celibacy requirement of its clergy (including monasticism), and the authority of the Pope. The reform movement soon split along certain doctrinal lines. Spiritual disagreements between Luther and Zwingli, and later between Luther and John Calvin, led to the emergence of rival Protestant churches. The most important denominations to emerge directly from the Reformation were the Lutherans, and the Reformed/Calvinists/Presbyterians. The process of reform had decidedly different causes and effects in other countries. In England, where it gave rise to Anglicanism, the period became known as the English Reformation. Subsequent Protestant denominations generally trace their roots back to the initial reforming movements. The reformers also accelerated the Catholic or Counter Reformation within the Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation is also referred to as the German Reformation, Protestant Revolution or Protestant Revolt.

He is known primarily for the sale of indulgences to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica, which angered many Christians, especially Calvin and Luther who decided to reform the church.

Martin Luther wrote"Ninety-Five theses" on October, 31st, 1517.

Religion was then a more important factor in people's lives than today (in general). This means that it was very important for wealthy people to commisson artworks on religious subjects. Churches and convents also commisioned artworks. One should know that in those days artists never made art without being commissioned.

his ideas lead to its creation his ideas lead to its creation

The Reformation changed historical Christianity.

The Reformation was essentially a protest against many practices of the Catholic Church. There were many more actors and issues involved than just Martin Luther and his 95 Theses, but this is what many see as the genesis of the Reformation.

Martin Luther rebelled against what he would have called salvation by faith AND WORKS, as well as the practice of indulgences, which had to do with paying to get deceased persons out of Purgatory, amongst many other things.

Luther struggled mightily with his life and with his life style, and what that meant with regard to his eternal welfare. Once Luther turned to God, try as he might, he could not please God, or feel secure in his relationship with God. Luther went to great lengths to please God and be acceptable to Him, including all the prescribed practices of the Catholic Church. Finally Luther came to believe in salvation by faith alone, and this so wholly changed his life and his understanding of God and salvation, that he rebelled completely against the church. Which resulted in the 95 Theses.

Many others found themselves to be in the same place spiritually as Luther and ultimately the movement we now call the Reformation was born. Salvation that includes any requirement other than faith has huge doctrinal implications, which is why the split from the Catholic Church. Even so, there were differences among those who joined the reformed movement and we now have many denominations within Protestantism.

So, as the first poster wrote, the Reformation changed Christianity, or more appropriately (to me) returned to the doctrine of the Lord and the Apostles. The Reformation changed the world as well, as governments were changed, foreign policies were formed with respect to the changed beliefs, and even wars and such resulted. History was changed.

Martin Luther was concerned about certain practices in the Catholic Church such as the selling of indulgences to free the soul from purgatory.

Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses in Latin because that was another thing he thought was wrong with the Catholic Church and posted them on the door of the Schlosskirche (Palais Church) in Wittenberg because he wanted to correct what he saw as the church's mistakes. Two students Luther taught reprinted the complaints in German so everyone understood them.

Because he had too.

During the nineteenth century, many of the traditions we currently enjoy around the holidays got started. Decorating a Christmas tree, and awaiting Santa all happened during the Victorian and Edwardian eras. Charles Dickens' 'A Christmas Carol,' vividly depicts Christmas celebrations for both the rich and poor during the nineteenth century.

The Dutch reformed are different than other Christian churches because of their history in the Netherlands. After the Reformation it was not uncommon for each country to have its own form of protestantism. The French reformed, or Huguenots, the German Reformed and Lutherans, the Scottish Presbyterian, and the English Puritans. The Dutch reformed is unique not only from being from the Netherlands, but also because of Dutch Reformed Churches all hold to 3 creeds, called the Three Forms of Unity, that are unique from other denominational creeds. These creeds are the Belgic Confession, the Heidelberg Catechism, and the Cannons of Dort. These creeds were all adopted in 1618 and 1619 and have been used in all Dutch reformed churches since.

In addition Dutch churches are governed by some form of a Church Order which regulates the government of the churches. This church order specifies the convening of churches together in larger bodies called classis, and the convening of classis together in a synod.

Martin Luther, John Calvin, and several others are recognized as the founder of the Protestant reformation. But it's mainly Martin Luther.

in October31,1517.

He hurt the Church, because he took her followers and he preached ideas that inflicted violence towards Catholics. His groups destroyed many Catholic convents, monasteries, Churches, and colleges

John Calvin differed from Catholicism on the doctrine of predestination. In Calvin's system, since Adam's fall man no longer has any internal freedom of will. In other words, men can not repent and believe in the Gospel, they are predestined from all eternity to either heaven or hell completely independent of their actions. This system renders the entire Gospel and Christ's preaching, death, and resurrection as taught by the Catholic Church, kind of meaningless.

At the time there was no 'England', but the departure of the Romans led to incursions by Saxon raiders. These Saxons fought the Britons (some say the Britons were led by King Arthur in this era) and eventually set up their own kingdoms - like Wessex, which comes from 'West Saxon'. The English people are considered Anglo-Saxon today becuase of the turmoil, war, intermarriage and general genetic and cultural mash-up which occured from the time the romans left up until the middle ages. England gained Saxon place names, some folklore, and a distinct character which owes little to the Roman occupation simply because without the protection of the Legions of Rome the whole political and social fabric of that part of Europe was plunged into raiding and warfare for years - arguably making the English tougher as a consequence!

God is not restricted to time or space as we know it. This is one reason I believe He knows everything from beginning to end, and this is also why - in our limited way of thinking - we cannot yet understand things completely. It is written, "His ways are higher than our ways, and His thoughts are higher than our thoughts," (paraphrased).

it started in japan 2010

The consumption of intoxicating (alcoholic) beverages.

I thought it was because of the behavior of the popes, and they added on ceremonies to the religion that were not originally in the bible'

and that they behaved so sexually open............and that they were getting further away from the bible, and the teachings as they were truly written.

Lutheranism gained support, especially among middle class people in German-speaking cities. Church authorities responded to Lutheranism by excommunicating Martin Luther.