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Reformation History
The history of The Reformation started when Western European Catholics opposed what they believed to be false doctrines and ecclesiastic malpractice within the Catholic Church. The movement’s famous leaders include Martin Luther and John Calvin.
1,691 Questions
Which of theses artifacts is the oldest?
Just announced today is an ivory carving dating back 35,000 years (Estimated) - found in Germany.
Why did the Thirty Years' War last so long?
I think it was due to different military, political and diplomatic reasons! college is hard! :)
What church did Martin co-pastored with his dad?
Martin co-pastored the Ebenezer Baptist Church with his dad.
How did Erasmus pave the way for the reformation-?
Erasmus challenged Christians to get back to the first-century faith. He produced new versions of the New Testament in the hopes that everyone would be able to read it.
What is the definition of provisional government?
- A government that is formed temporarily until a permanent one is created
What were elements of Reformation in England?
England's religion was originally under the control of the Roman Catholic Church. this changed when Henry VIII couldn't get what he wanted from the pope so he disassociated the English church from the Church of Rome and reformed it under the banner of the Church of England.
Humanism became more popular.
Tension between Catholics and Protestants increased.
More people had access to English translations of the Bible.
Henry the VIII formed the Church of England.
English translations of the Bible became widely available
Henry VIII formed the church of England.
English translations of the bible became widely available.
How did the protestant reformation affect England economics?
The Protestant Reformation has a profound effect on England; socially, politically and economically. The economic effects of the Protestant Reformation in England were derived primarily from two great changes that occured in England during the Reformation.
For cententies preceeding the Reformation, the Catholic Church would raise money by selling indulgences and imposing tributes on all the nations of Catholic Christendom. This would result in much of the money and gold of Europe leaving non-Papal states and concentrating in Italy; impoverishing European states in the process. With the seperation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, Rome was unable to tax/levy England for money to finance its operations on the European continent. This resulted in money and gold being retained in England, much to the benefit of English merchants and other men of commerce; helping to expand and grow the English economy.
Secondly, with seperation came the transfer of control of much of English territory from the Catholic Church to the English monarchy. England, much like all of Western Europe, was still largely physiocratic and agrarian; most wealth was derived from the control and use of land. Prior to the Reformation, much of England's land was under the control of Rome; preventing the English from using it to improve their own wealth and prosperity. However, with the Reformation, most of this land was transferred to the English monarchy, allowing for the English to use English land for English interests.
These two effects of the Reformation, in conjunction with many others, profoundly affected English economics.
Did the church accept Martin Luther's belief about salvation?
Luther believed that someone couldn't pay off their sins. He believed that the real reconciliation of a persons sins were between the sinner and God. He didn't believe that someone was going to be damned if they couldn't pay their sins. He believed the only was to go to heaven is by faith.
What was one source of Martin Luther's conflict with the catholic church?
Another answer from our community:
. Martin Luther's primary "gripe" with the Catholic Church was that the Church was holding him accountable for his moral behavior. In addition, M. Luther, supposedly, was a priest in the Augustinian Order. For an Augustinian priest, he was remarkably ignorant of his faith and his theology. Martin Luther objected to his vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and proceeded to leave his monastery without permission, and to break every one of his vows, without bothering to even ask for a dispensation from his solemnly professed vows. Martin Luther had many, many problems, and he blamed the Church for all of them. For a complete discussion of his "gripes" please get the book The Facts About Luther, by Patrick O'Hare:
What was the original cause of the Protestant Reformation?
There is not one original cause. The Protestant Reformation was the culmination of a whole menagerie of complex and interdependent ideas, events and leaders. However, the short answer is that most put it down to Martin Luther and, even more single-mindedly, his 95 Theses.
If you want the long answer then I advise you talk to a scholar on the subject, but other areas you might look into are:
- Renaissance Humanism
- Huldrych Zwingli
- Conflict with the Ottoman Empire
- The development of the printing press
- The Peasants' Revolt
.Catholic AnswerAn argument can be made the the original cause (aside from sin, which is always the root cause of any one leaving the Church, especially to make their own religion) is rooted in the "appalling catastrophes of the fourteenth and fifteen centuries when the "medieval synthesis" (the harmony between Faith and reason, the balance of power among nation-states as parts of Christendom, the balancing of the authority of the king wih local self-government, harmony between the goals of individual self-fulfillment and those of society, and the equilibrium between Church and state) and its collapse. Diane Moczar, in her book, What Every Catholic Wants to Know Catholic History From the Catacombs to the Reformationlists:famine and plague
social friction
rebellions
the Hundred Years War
Turkish Attacks
The Papacy in Distress
- all as causes which deeply affected society and were the root causes of the sins of individuals which led to the protestant revolt from the Church.
from
A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957
The Protestant Reformation: the revolt from the Catholic Church in Western Europe begun and carried to its height in the 16th century. It differed from all previous heretical movements in that it was not concerned with one or a few definite points of doctrine but was directed against the whole complex and system of Christianity as then understood; it gave licence to the human self in the spiritual and religious order. Its principal causes were: the excessive temporal power, wealth and privilege which accrued to the higher clergy, the wicked, worldly and careless lives of many of the clergy, secular and regular, and the decay of philosophy and theology (these resulted partly from the Renaissance) with consequent low standard of spiritual life among the people generally; the weakening of the authority of the Holy See, following the Great Schism, increased by the humanistic corruption of the papal court; the parallel insurgence of secular princes. Its principal motives were: desire for the purity of religion and godliness of life which, from the state of the clergy, precipitated a violent and unreasoning anti-clericalism which degenerated into contempt for all spiritual authority; the national ambitions of secular princes which flourished in the break-up of the Catholic integrity of Europe; an appetite for spoil and, as in England, fear of having to give up looted ecclesiastical wealth; in some, a hatred of the Church and Faith which can be attributed only to the direct working of the Devil. The principal results of the Reformation were: the true reform of the Church "in head and members" effected by the Council of Trent and the revivification of Catholicism so thoroughly achieved that it remains vital to this day (The Counter-reformation); the putting of countless souls, notably in Great Britain, Scandinavia and the German parts of the Empire, in enmity to the Church and consequently outside those means provided by Christ for man to know and attain to God; the disappearance of any "higher unity" holding together the diverse peoples and nations of Europe, the inoculation of men with naturalistic and humanitarian (as opposed to theocentric) philosophy which is now the chiefest enemy of Christianity.
AnswerLong Term Causes of the ReformationThe 15th Century was a period of change, in many ways an early modern "Information Age," as innovations like movable type allowed for the mass printing of books and pamphlets, many of which addressed secular topics. Although illiteracy remained well above 95% even through the next century, more people than ever were exposed to ideas. This was most true in the growing urban centers.These ideas, associated with the Renaissance, held than individual man had value beyond the life and death cycle taught for generations by the medieval church. As can be seen in art, music, and philosophy, social and cultural patterns began to challenge old assumptions held dear by the hierarchical Church. In some areas, the need for immediate reform was addressed before men like Luther, Thomas More, and Erasmus began their criticism of the religious status quo. In Spain, priests were forced to end female relationships that conflicted with celibacy. Seminaries were refocused in order to produce spiritual men. Religious orders became more spiritually centered under the leadership of intelligent men and women such as Teresa of Avila.
Read more at Suite101: Causes of the Protestant Reformation | Suite101.com (link below)
Why did literacy increase prior to the protestant reformation?
because the availability of the first printing press in the late middle ages along with improved methods of production were starting to make more people wealthy enough to have the time to set aside for education.
What was some of Martin Luther ideas in the Reformation?
Martin Luther was not the only person involved in reformation other people such as Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe had made attempts at reforming the Catholic Church
The selling/abuse of indulgences was a concern of Luther. The reform movement really gained momentum When Martin Luther wrote and made public "The Ninety-Five Theses". This was a list of questions and propositions (mainly about the abuse of indulgences) for public debate.
There were many other teachings and practices of the Late Medieval Catholic Church that Luther and others were not happy with. For example, on a visit to Rome in 1510 Luther was greatly disappointed with the state of religion in Rome.
"He was favourably struck, indeed, with the business administration and police regulations of the papal court, but shocked by the unbelief, levity and immorality of the clergy. Money and luxurious living seemed to have replaced apostolic poverty and self-denial. He saw nothing but worldly splendour at the court of Pope Julius II., who had just returned from the sanguinary siege of a town conducted by him in person". - History of the Christian Church by Philip Schaff
Luther also believed the scriptures should be available for the common people to read, he translated the Bible into everyday German.
"Luther did not have in view the existence of an autonomous church alongside of the existing church. He desired the renewal of the church. He sought for good pastoral care, formulated the necessity for a better theology and expressed a desire for biblical piety". - Dr. Frank van der Pol from Christelijke Encyclopedie, (Kampen, 2005).
Why is Martin Luthers work significant?
Martin Luther helped start the reformation of the Catholic church. On October 31, 1517, Luther posted his 95 theses on the door of the Whitenburg Cathedral (which seems rather bold; however, many people would post things on church doors--a lot like how people post discussion topics on a forum) that discussed the sale of indulgences. (An indulgence is payment of a sin--much like a penance--and they were bought to save people from purgatory. The sale of indulgences was used to fund the construction of St. Peter's Cathedral, sold at different prices to people of different social statuses, and also sold for people that had already died.) Luther taught that salvation was by faith alone and that scripture was the final authority for Christians, not the pope.
Which sacrement did Martin Luther eliminate?
Martin Luther eliminated 5 of the 7 sacraments : he only kept communion and baptism
and he eliminated: confirmation, matrimony, holy orders, anointing of the sick, penance.
Who emerged as the leader of the reform movement in the 16th century?
Generally speaking, Martin Luther is considered to be the head of the movement. While it lasted beyond single generations and took centuries to fully realize its true potential, Luther is often perceived as the godfather of Protestantism for nailing his grievances to a church door on Halloween in 1517.
Was the Catholic church corrupt?
During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, some popes, bishops, and priests were corrupt and some were not. That changed for the most part with the Counter Reformation. Although the Catholic Church did not adopt Calvin's Institutes, the leaders of the council made the reforms he demanded in that book. That ended the overt corruption. Corruption will remain in any organization with human leadership.
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Catholic AnswerThe Catholic church is the Mystical Body of Christ. It is His church, it is His Body, He is the head, we are the members. By its very definition, it can not be corrupt. However, as with the parable of the weeds and the tares, God has decreed that the evil ones are to be left to be judged by Him, and by Him alone, so that there are evil and corrupt people in the church all through the ages. Nevertheless, this does not affect its holiness or purity, as that is guaranteed by Jesus who said, "Behold, I shall be with you until the end of time."
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AnswerAs an establishment it cannot be corrupt, the same is true of government. However many of the people that were members of the church were corrupt. As is still true today.What abuses led to the criticism of the Roman Catholic Church?
Before the reformation the abuses of the Catholic Church were: # Simony # Absenteeism # Nepotism # Pluralism # Tithe # Indulgences Now the Church's controversy is about sexual abuses, the lack of women as priests and homosexuality in the clergy.
What was the city in German where the Protestant Reformation originated?
The city's name was Wittenberg, now Lutherstadt Wittenberg, where Luther famously posted his 95 Theses in 1517. (When originally founded, the city was named Wittenborg.)
(This is not the same place as the smaller "Wittenburg" in Northern Germany.)
What did Martin Luther believe in?
Martin Luther believed that Christians are saved by faith alone in Christ alone.
What was the most important factor in causing martin Luther the lead the reformation?
The church's corruption.
The church's attempt to raise money by selling indulgences
Answer There were few periods in the long history of the Catholic Church when corruption was more openly present than during the Renaissance period. The sale of indulgences was becoming a prime source of personal income for popes, cardinals and bishops, as were the sale of ecclesiastical offices and the imposition of many corrupt fees and charges.
In 1514, Albrecht of Brandenburg had been raised to the archdiocese of Mainz, but since he intended not to surrender his previous diocese of Magdeburg, and was also under the canonical age to be a bishop, the pope was able to insist on a considerable fee. He agreed in return that 50 per cent of the monies raised from the preaching of the indulgence in Albrecht's two dioceses could be set against this sum. This shoddy deal, made more offensive by the vigour and lack of sophistication with which the indulgence was preached around Magdeburg by the Dominican friar Tetzel, spurred Luther to action.
Also during a visit to Rome, Luther was bothered by the luxurious living, the loose morals, and the lack of interest in spiritual things among the monks they visited. The city, which he had regarded as holy, was a sink of iniquity; its very priests were openly infidel, and scoffed at the services they performed; the papal courtiers were men of the most shameless lives.
What happened to Luther after the reformation?
The church was able to read the Bible and find for themselves the truth because of his work.
What did 17th century witches wear?
Those accused of witchcraft during the 17th century witch trials were all people from the low class. They would have worn dingy dresses that they hand made.
What are similarities of Orthodoxy and Catholicism?
They are shall we say about 85% in synch with each other. Russian and Greek Orthodoxy worship the same God, honor the same ( generally) saints, and have an elaborate system of rituals and sacraments- numbering 7 major sacraments. The ORTHO Rites differ in the following. They do not recognize the primacy or supremacy of the Pope, there is loosely more latitude for such things as divorce. There are differences in worship apart from the obvious language angles- for example the (Three times around the Horn) practice (l080 degrees of arc, By the way) which is a Wedding protocol in Russian and Greek Ortho use but has no counterpart in the Roman Catholic church. Statues are not used in Ortho churches but two-dimensional Icons, also spelled Ikons are. Communion is frequently under both kinds- Bread and wine. Finally one major difference is priests or ministers are permitted to be married- (only once) if a minister"s wife dies he cannot remarry) but Bishops are requiired to be celibate and the higher-ups are only selected, so to speak from the (Regular- celibacy-bound clergy). There are different ecceleasiatical ranks such as Metropolitan- a sort of Urban Bishop-like officer. No Stacy, he does not wear a subway-conductor"s flat-top hat! That"s an old joke, lilke those about De Gaulle and the IRT. Kidding aside the two faiths have a lot in common and stately, formal ritual is a mark of the Orthodox faith, no frivolous folk-hymsn unless handled by the choirs.
