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Science Experiments
Experiments often conducted by students to test different scientific theories and hypotheses
11,111 Questions
What effect does temperature have on the rate dissolving?
As temperature increases, the rate of dissolving also tends to increase because the particles in the solvent gain more energy and move faster, allowing for more collisions with the solute particles. This leads to faster dissolution of the solute in the solvent.
What element makes up 3 percent of the earths crust?
Iron makes up approximately 5% of the Earth's crust, followed by aluminum at around 8%. Therefore, neither of these elements make up 3%. Carbon is present in trace amounts in the Earth's crust, around 0.02%, while silicon is the most abundant element at about 28%.
How can you make volcanoes without baking soda and vinegar?
The reason in science demonstrations at schools, vinegar and baking soda are used is that when these two ingredients are mixed, carbon dioxide gas is produced very rapidly. This makes the vinegar and anything else mixed in with it froth up and expand. This causes the "eruption" of the volcano.
An alternative approach may be to use diet cola and the mint candy known as "Mentos" as demonstrated on the US Discovery channel program "Mythbusters".
The mentos are covered in lots of small dimples. When a mento is dropped into diet cola, these dimples act as points of nucleation for the dissolved carbon dioxide in the cola meaning that bubbles form at these points. This causes lots of gas to be released very rapidly (just as if you'd shaken up the bottle of cola and taken the lid off).
Apparently the mint flavoured mentos are required for this to work (as they are covered in the tiny dimples whereas other flavours have different coatings which do not have the dimples).
This may be a suitable method of creating your volcanic eruption demonstration.
For more information about the ingredients and how the above process works, please see the related link.
divided into a control group and a test group. The test group was fed a diet enriched with nutrients believed to enhance learning ability, while the control group was fed a standard diet. After a period of training, the mice were assessed on their learning ability to determine if there was a correlation between diet and learning.
What mixtures could you separate by boiling them?
Mixtures of liquids with significantly different boiling points can be separated by boiling, a process called fractional distillation. For example, you can separate a mixture of ethanol and water by heating it to a temperature at which ethanol boils, but water does not. The ethanol vaporizes, travels through a fractionating column, and then condenses back into a liquid form, thus separating it from the water.
What is the function of the mobile phase for developing a chromatogram?
The mobile phase in chromatography is responsible for carrying the sample through the stationary phase. It helps separate the components of the sample by their different affinities for the stationary phase. The composition and flow rate of the mobile phase can be adjusted to optimize separation.
Why do plants grow the best in dark lights?
Plants require a balance of light and darkness for optimal growth. While they do need light for photosynthesis, periods of darkness are also essential for processes like respiration and growth regulation. Too much continuous light can actually be harmful to plants as it can lead to stress and nutrient deficiencies.
Is a salt and water made when you mix an acid and an alkali?
Yes, when you mix an acid and an alkali, a salt and water are typically produced through a neutralization reaction. The acid donates a proton (H+) to the alkali, forming water, while the remaining ions combine to form a salt.
How does a hurricane featuring in a rubbish heap blow around and gather all the rubbish particles into an aeroplane? The chances are astronomical against! That is my effort at 'quoting' (it isn't exact - word for word - but the idea is there) a similar argument, one mentioned by Richard Dawkins in The God Delusion. The watch-in-a-bag reminds me of Paley's 19th century watch lying around waiting to be discovered and used to back an argument from design. The ideas above focus on a creationistic attitude to biological evolution. The question asked about a cosmological likelihood and I want to emphasise the distinction between cosmology and biology - that the theory of evolution is biology, not cosmology. I defend my insertion of the above in that anti-evolution design arguments like Paley's watch play with probability as does the watch-in-a-bag. What are the chances of a watch without a designer? What are the chances of life without a designer? What on Earth are the chances of the Universe without a designer? It must also be stressed that probability is (probably) a very tricky point to argue.
Life changes by chance mutation that is acted upon by non-random selection. That does away with the aeroplane and Paley's watch. What of the Universe?
At each point of biological evolution, the situation has to be at point x for selection to act. There has to be something to act on. There has to be matter. There was no matter at he time t = 0, the point of the big bang and thus it doesn't matter what state particles were in at the point of the big bang. What particles? There weren't any particles until after the big bang, the initial expansion of space-time. Thus the watch-in-a-bag argument is backwards. If you shake all the particles in the Universe up after the big bang, what has that got to do with the chances of the big bang? You have to shake everything up before the big bang to affect its chances of happening. Which is impossible of course, as t = 0 at the point of the big bang. You can't prevent a car crash after it has happened and nor can you fail to have given birth moments after the doctor cries "It's a boy!".
Perhaps the creationist giving the argument thinks, by their argument, that they mean the difficulty of the Universe arranging itself into its marvellous atoms and magnificent galaxies and planets after the big bang was too difficult without a creative hand. Moments after the big bang, the Universe was boiling hot and a seething mass of particles and antiparticles. When the Universe coolled, atoms formed and electrons took up their space-filling arrangements around atoms. And since there were atoms, why not nebulae and then stars and galaxies. At this point, ask what the creationist knows of particles and the 4 forces of nature(gravity, the strong force, the weak force etc) anyway! It may be that no particle (due to interactions with other nearby particles) could have ever been in any other place other than where it actually was. There is a peculiar habit of electrons to fill up space, to move apart, to only fill an electron shell in a pattern of two electrons per orbital. This is called the Pauli exclusion principle. Matter spreads out and fills up space. Planets can thus form, taking up space. And stars are so hot that elements up to iron can be produced, and in supernovae and through radioactive decay, all elements can be formed. It appears quite a lot can happen all by itself without the need of a creator. And even things many creationists and scientists alike may take for granted - the fact that matter takes up space - can exist by quantum principles like Pauli exclusion.
It may be that there is an analogy of natural selection in the cosmos. All that exists, can exist. That which tries to exist but can't, doesn't. Atoms in a state all mixed up and unassembled like a shattered watch could not be in any better state moments after the big bang as it was too hot. Stars can only form without a narrow range of masses. There is no magic, only what can or cannot be. The best way forward for all (creationists included) is to study and learn.
The shaking of a broken watch does not disprove the big bang at point t = 0, nor shower doubt upon the post-big bang formation of atoms and stars and galaxies. Besides, the concept of 'fixing' itself is a bit naive. If it could, it would. If it couldn't, it wouldn't. The question also assumes that a 'fixed' watch is an ideal, that the random movement of particles immediately after the big bang was not ideal, not a Universe. At any point, consider this, what could be, may be and what could not be, would not be. So a watch is not fixed! So what? Whatever is 'fixed' should be perfectly explicable within the laws of physics and logic and this possibly analogy of natural selection.
What is two atoms of the opposite charge bond called?
This type of bonding is called as ionic bonding.
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that involves a metal and a nonmetal ion (or polyatomic ions such as ammonium) through electrostatic attraction. In short, it is a bond formed by the attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
The metal donates one or more electrons, forming a positively charged ion or cation with a stable electron configuration. These electrons then enter the non metal, causing it to form a negatively charged ion or anion which also has a stable electron configuration. The electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions causes them to come together and form a bond.
How do you convert ton of a refrigerator to lietrs?
To convert a ton of refrigeration to liters, you need to know the density of the refrigerant being used in the refrigerator. Without this information, a direct conversion from tons to liters is not possible.
What would oxygen 17 be if it went through an alpha and beta decay?
Oxygen-17 would become fluorine-17 after undergoing alpha decay, and then it would decay into oxygen-17 again after undergoing beta decay. Alpha decay involves emitting an alpha particle comprising two protons and two neutrons, while beta decay involves either emitting an electron (beta minus decay) or a positron (beta plus decay) to change the nucleus.
What is the name of ashes in the periodic table?
There's only Chemical elemnts listed in the periodic table. Ash is a compound of elemnts and therefor can't be found in the periodic table. I would guess that there's a lot of carbon (C) in ash though,
Assuming that the surroundings are above the freezing point of water - yes - it is normal for the temperature on the thermometer to go up. It may still remain elevated even if plunged back into the ice bath since the thermometer has mass and can absorb some energy while out of the bath. There is also the phenomena that in some thermometers even when the temperature drops, the thermometer fluid sometimes remains elevated unless you "shake down" the thermometer.
To protect astronauts from cold temperatures in space, a spacecraft should have effective thermal insulation to regulate internal temperatures. Additionally, the spacecraft should be equipped with heating systems to maintain a comfortable environment inside. Finally, the spacecraft should have materials and designs that can withstand extreme temperature variations in space.
What happens when salt is placed in a watch glass?
When salt is placed in a watch glass, it remains as solid crystals. If water is added, the salt will dissolve depending on the amount of water added. The solution may evaporate, leaving behind the salt crystals.
Why is it necessary to determine the cell constant?
Determining the cell constant is necessary because it allows for accurate calibration of the conductivity meter. The cell constant is used to convert the measured electrical conductivity into a value that corresponds to the actual concentration of ions in the solution being tested. Failure to determine the cell constant correctly can lead to inaccurate conductivity readings and incorrect data analysis.
Where does a raindrop go in the water cycle?
high above the earth, fluffy white clouds drifted through the atmosphere. In the clouds lived a little Droplet of water, round and content with life. For as long as he could remember, he spent his days lying on his back, relaxing and soaking up the sun's warm rays. One day, he took his usual place in the sun but the light didn't seem to be as bright. In fact, as the day went on, it grew darker and darker, loud claps of thunder shook the cloud, and the Droplet felt as if he were getting so heavy he could hardly move.
Suddenly, the Droplet felt himself falling from the cloud. Down, down, down he fell, farther and father from home. At last he landed on the earth, in the dark green foliage of the rainforest.
What is the source of Jupiter's intense radio waves and magnetism?
Jupiter's intense radio waves and magnetism are believed to be generated by the planet's strong magnetic field, which is generated by the motion of metallic hydrogen in its core. This magnetic field interacts with Jupiter's rotation and its surrounding environment, producing the observed phenomena of radio emissions and magnetism.
Does salt create mold on bread?
Salt inhibits the growth of mold on bread by creating an environment that is less hospitable for mold spores to thrive. It draws out moisture, making it difficult for mold to develop. However, if there are already mold spores present on the bread, salt may not completely prevent mold growth.
What causes global winds to appear to turn instead of blow straight across the earths surface?
The truth is ... and I hope you can handle this ... they not only appear to turn.
They actually do turn !
-- The circumference of the Earth all the way around the equator is almost 25,000 miles.
-- The circumference of the Earth all the way around the north pole is zero.
-- The circumference of the Earth half way in between the equator and the north pole,
at 45 degrees north latitude, is about 17,600 miles.
-- The farther north you go from the equator, the smaller a circle around the Earth is.
-- But the Earth is a solid rock. The whole thing rotates once a day, all in one piece.
-- So the closer you are to the equator, the faster the ground is moving, because
it has farther to go to finish a whole rotation once a day.
I assume that you're sitting in the US, or the UK, or Europe, or India right now.
-- The ground under you, the air around you, and your feet, your head, and the
ball in your hand, are all traveling at the same speed. Whatever it is, it's the
speed necessary to finish a whole rotation once a day at your latitude.
Now, if you will, kindly throw the ball for me.
Thank you.
-- If you throw it north, to a place where the Earth is slightly smaller, then the
ball is moving faster than it needs to in order to finish a rotation once a day. It's
moving faster than the things around it up there, and it gets slightly ahead of
them.
-- If you throw it south, to a place where the Earth is slightly larger, then the
ball is moving slower than it needs to in order to finish a rotation once a day.
It's moving slower than the things around it down there, and it lags slightly
behind them.
-- If somebody is watching the ball and draws its path on a map, the path of the ball
is curved on the map.
-- When a patch of air warms and rises, air from all around must flow into the
empty space. Any air that tries to flow north or south into the hole follows a
curved path on the map.
-- When a patch of air cools and sinks, some of it must get out of the way,
flowing out of the center to places all around. Any air that tries to get out of the
way by flowing north or south follows a curved path on the map.
-- Similarly, a gunshot aimed accurately at a target north or south of it
strikes to the left or right of the target.
-- For the same reason ... see if you can follow through this one on your own ...
a rock dropped down the center of a deep, deep well, must hit the side of the
well after falling for a while !
What is the meaning of physical adaptation?
A "Physical Adaptation" is when the body of the animal changes in response to a change in its environment or is circumstances within its environment - a new competitor for food or and new food source or a new predator.
This is obviously different from a "Behavioral Adaptation" were the animal changes the way it dose things because of changes mentioned above.
Physical adaptation usually come with associated behavioural adaptations, but behavioural adaptations can develop in isolation. Two animals of the same species can look identical but exhibit different behaviours because they live in slightly different environments.
What happens when fast-moving molecules touch other molecules making them move fast?
depending on the type of collision
type in google
(Collision Types) and read
when molecule collide with other molecule
it may loose some energy and the other will gain it in form of
kenitic
energy and speed up
if the lost energy =
the gained energy in the other molecule it will be elastic collision
and if the lost energy isn`t
equal to the gained energy ( some energy transformed to other form as sound ) so it won`t
be elastic collision
