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Solid State Physics
Solid State Physics is the branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of solid materials, especially the electromagnetic, thermodynamic, and structural properties of crystalline solids.
813 Questions
Would you die if you went to a planet that had 400x stronger gravity than earth?
yes you will be crushed like a pan cake. because if for instance you weigh 20kgs and you went to a planet that had 400x stronger gravity than earth you would weigh 8000kgs and you wont even be able to move a muscle.
Special condition: if the planet were rapidly rotating then the gravity about its equator would be significantly less than that at the poles. To reduce a 400g gravity to 1g about its equator and if the planet had a equatorial radius of that of Jupiter
71 492 kilometers
399*(10m/s2) = v2/r
3990 *71492000 = v2
v= 534091m/s
T=71492000/534091 = 133 seconds
then the planet would have to have an rotational period of only 133 seconds. Not impossible for a neutron star.
What is the relative permittivity of indium arsenide?
The relative permittivity of indium arsenide (InAs) is typically around 15-17 at room temperature. This value can vary slightly depending on factors such as temperature and frequency of the electric field.
Is the lithosPhere a solid liquid or neither?
The lithosphere is a solid layer of the Earth comprising the crust and upper part of the mantle. It is neither a liquid nor a gas, but a rigid layer that rests on the more fluid asthenosphere below.
What are basis in a crystal structure of solid?
One of the basis in a crystal structure is classification of solids; classification on the basis of the symmetry of crystal structures (geometrical properties) and physical features of them.
In symmetric, we describe shape and arrangement crystals (s.c, b.c.c, f.c.c, h.c.p ,etc.) and in physical classification, decribe physical properties (The scheme is based on the configuration of the valance electrons. for example covalent crystal, ion crystal, metallic crystal and etc.)
Why is snow a crystalline solid?
yes, each snowflake is one dendritic ice crystal.
However fallen snow is not a solid, the snowflakes have stacked up to capture a larger volume of air than the volume of the snowflakes themselves.
What happens to the pressure inside a container when the temperature of a fluid is increased?
When heated, temperature increases. You may have already guessed that. Most substances, but not all, increase in volume as the temperature increases at constant pressure. The pressure would remain the same if the fluid was in an open container.
Why can iron conduct electricity?
Iron, like all metals, has electrons in its outer shell that are not tightly bound to the nucleus.
Compared to non-metals, it's easy for one or more electrons to escape from the outer shell and move freely in the metal's crystal lattice.
It's this population of free electrons that can be "recruited" and made to move in a particular direction, that makes metals good conductors.
Iron is a so-so conductor, but it's not as good as copper or silver.
Why electron does not exist in band gap?
Short Answer:
Electrons are waves and waves in a confined geometry can exist only with specific allowed wavelengths. This is true for sound waves in musical instruments, water waves in a ripple tank, light waves and electron waves in solids. Bad gaps and allowed wave regimes exist for all waves and are the consequence of simple reflection, refraction and interference.
Long Answer:
Electrons in crystals (not all solids, but only regular periodic arrays of atoms) have energies that restricted to certain allowed values or ranges of values called "bands" or "energy bands" and not other values called "gaps" or "band gaps" for a simple reason. Electrons are waves and electron dynamics is described by a wave equation, specifically the Schroeding equation. Quantum waves must respect the same dynamics as all waves and that includes the processes of reflection, refraction, and interference. It is these processes that create the bands and band gaps.
If you are asked to explain why a musical instrument gives out specific notes and not all possible sounds, you explain it as a condition of wave dynamics. A guitar string, for instance, vibrates with waves that can exist with whole wavelengths that fit within the length of the string. That is completely analogous to the phenomena that forces the existence of bands and band gaps for electrons in solids.
In fact, if you scale things up to wavelengths appropriate to sound (Sound wave are about a trillion time larger than electron waves.) you will get bands of allowed sound and band gaps where sound is not allowed. You can create a volume of space with a regular array of objects that reflect and refract sound and in that space only certain bands of wavelengths of sound will be allowed. The phenomena is the same. The equations are the same. The cause is the same.
Though quantum mechanics is strange and complicated, the reason energy bands in crystals exist is simple and completely faithful to the analogy of notes from a musical instrument.
Caveat: Though the existence of bands follows from this simple explanation, the prediction of the behavior of electrons in particular solids requires a sophisticated description of the particular atomic and electronic interactions. One can spend a career as a physicist making such descriptions and explaining the properties of the various kinds of solids.
More Answers:
Electrons may only possess specific energies. Another way of saying this is that they can only occupy certain energy levels. A band gap is a continuous spectrum of energies where no such energy levels exist. The band gap is simply a range of energies that the electron cannot have.
If you want to know why there are energies the electron can have and why there is a gap in between these energy ranges then that's quite a bit more complicated. A short answer would be that there are gaps because there are asymmetries in the basic repeating unit of the crystal structure but I appreciate that that probably prompts a bunch of other questions.
Are ferro magnetic materials insulators?
Not necessarily. Ferromagnetic materials can be conductors, semiconductors, or insulators depending on their specific composition and structure. Magnetic properties and electrical conductivity are independent characteristics of a material.
How do you derive graphene's low-energy Hamiltonian?
To derive graphene's low-energy Hamiltonian, one typically starts with the tight-binding model for graphene's honeycomb lattice. By applying the nearest neighbor approximation and using certain symmetry properties, one can simplify the model to focus on the low-energy excitations around the Dirac points in the Brillouin zone, leading to a 2x2 matrix Hamiltonian that describes the electronic properties of graphene near the Fermi level.
Electric field breaks space-inversion symmetry because it changes the sign of charges under spatial inversion. Magnetic field breaks time-reversal symmetry because reversing the direction of time changes the direction of the field's rotation or flux lines.
Yes, radium is extremely radioactive. The ionizing radiation produced by radium was used in x-ray generators within clinical settings a while back. It was so dangerous to handle and the waste was so expensive to take care of that medical industries switched to iridium. Nevertheless, anything/everything can kill someone when ingested/absorbed in excessive amounts. Too much water, salt, sunlight...you get the point
What is used to reduce friction between membranes of the heart?
Serous fluid, which acts as a lubricant, helps to reduce friction between the membranes of the heart. This fluid is found in the pericardial cavity between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. The main function of the pericardium and its fluid is to allow the heart to beat efficiently without experiencing excess friction or damage.
What about the crystal field splitting of f orbitals?
In an octahedral field f orbitals are split into three parts.
1. Singly degenerate lowest energy state a2g
2. Triply degenerate t2g.
3. Highest energy triply degenerate t1g.
Have compressional waves crests and troughs?
Yes, compressional waves have crests and troughs. The crests are the points of maximum positive displacement or compression, while the troughs are the points of maximum negative displacement or rarefaction.
What is the scattering of people who have a common background or believes?
The scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs is known as diaspora. This term is often used to describe the dispersion of a particular ethnic or cultural group outside their original homeland.
If you need help with a specific physics lab, please provide the details of the experiment or problem you are working on. I can offer guidance on how to set up the experiment, analyze data, or interpret results.
How can you draw a picture of specific gravity?
specific gravity = relative density , datum is water density @ 1 000kg/m^3
say iron at 8000kg/m^3, specific gravity (relative density)= 8000/1000 = 8
imagine see saw with 1 cubic metre iron 1 metre left of fulcrum , to balance put 1 cubic metre of water 8 metres right of fulcrum
What is the metal that is hardest to break?
Tungsten is one of the hardest metals to break due to its high tensile strength and durability. It is commonly used in industrial and military applications that require materials with exceptional hardness and resistance to wear and tear.
Are the particles in a liquid all the same?
If you mean the smallest particle of water that has the properties of water, then yes, water particles are molecules.
How does a platinum resistance thermometer work?
They are slowly replacing the use of thermocouples in many industrial applications below 600 °C, due to higher accuracy and repeatability.Common RTD sensing elements constructed of platinum copper or nickel have a unique, and repeatable and predictable resistance versus temperature relationship (R vs T) and operating temperature range. The R vs T relationship is defined as the amount of resistance change of the sensor per degree of temperature change.
How do you find momentum weight and velocity?
First you have to convert weight into mass. This is dependent on the acceleration the mass is experiencing (either gravitational or centrifugal).
If it is gravitational and it is at or near the surface of the Earth then mass=weight/9.81m/s2
If it is centrifugal then a=v2/r and mass=weight*r/v2
Then to find momentum just multiply mass by velocity.
Why low temperature physics is important?
Low temperature physics is important because it allows us to study exotic states of matter that can only exist at extremely cold temperatures. This field helps us understand quantum phenomena, superconductivity, and superfluidity, which have practical applications in technology. Additionally, low temperature physics is fundamental in advancing our understanding of the universe at a microscopic level.
What is non equilibrium cooling?
For binary alloy cooling, the cooling temperation is a range instead of a fixed line.
During the transition (the range), equilibrium of two metals take place at each temperature (temp. decreasing), if the equilibrium finished before going to lower temperature , this is equilibrium cooling. If not, this is the one with the word "non".
Check more about binary eutectic system.
Just trying to answer.
Zero Field Cooling - Field Cooling
Measuring an effect from a field in the two following ways:
ZFC- Applying the field at a relatively low temperature compared to a characteristic temperature and continuously measuring the effects of the field as you raise the temperature to a level well above the characteristic level.
FC - Applying the field at a relatively high temperature compared to a characteristic temperature and continuously measuring the effects of the field as you lower the temperature to a level well below the characteristic level.
FC can be thought of as the reverse process to ZFC. If the effect you're measuring doesn't reverse using ZFC-FC, then you have something interesting on your hands.
