Sparta

Several tribes of ancient Israel, Rome, Greece, probably others.

Sparta and Athens had been allies for some time. Sparta helped Athens in its struggle for democracy in late 507 BCE, and had also sent its army to help Athens at Marathon in 490 BCE 10 years earlier but had arrived too late for that battle. Athens was not present at Thermopylae, its forces were committed to manning its navy at the simultaneous battle of Artemesium. So the answer is False - Athens and Sparta were allies long before joining other southern Greek cities which united to repel the Persian invasion, and remained allies until 460 BCE when they had a falling out.

He tarried too long after the Greeks decided to withdraw from the pass at Thermopylae having been betrayed by the Trachinian, efialtis. Leonidas and his 300 Spartans, another 700 Thespians and 400 Thebans were all killed.. On the other hand, they stayed behind holding the pass to let the other 7,000 vastly outnumbered Greek defenders withdraw before the Persian cavalry could break through and cut them down. He gets a tick.

The rich male citizens, the ordinary male citizens with subsistence farms, the non-propertied class, resident aliens, women, slaves.

spartan men were allowed to leave the military camp at age 50.

Sparta.

Athens was a direct democracy where the male citizens controlled the activites of the cty-state, meeting every couple of weeks to make decisions. They were fairly easily led by demagogues (= leaders of the people) who brought forward plausible propositions which looked good to the people (until they learned better by later bitter experience, when they instituted a crime of 'Misleading the People with the death penalty attached).

A chief demagogue was Pericles who was overconfident of Athens' ability to use its walls to protect the city and port, and the navy to inflict damage on any attacking city and as well protect the import of food during a prolongued seige, and comtinue to collect the taxes it imposed on its empire to pay for all this.

The moderating conservative force of Thucydides son of Melesias and his party was lost when Pericles had him ostracised (banished from the city), so there was no coherent opposition to the opportunists bent on pushing too far the Peloponnesian League cities led by Sparta. The Assembly accepoted the urgings of Pericles and the ancompromising activists to vote f0r war, rather than the compromise for peace proposed by Sparta.

Each headed leagues of cities. Athens was confident of its defences, resources of its empire and sea power. Sparta was confident of its league's land power.

Athens intruded into the affairs of the Peloponnesian League, and refused to back away. War ensued. Neither expected the limited disputes to expand into a 27-year war which devastated the Greek world.

Athens is part of Greece.

The main criticism of ancient Athenian democracy is the limitations Athenian law placed upon who could be considered a citizen. The only Athenians who were considered full citizens were Athens-born men of at least 18 years of age. And to be considered Athens-born, both of one's parents had to have been citizens. But while women could be considered citizens, they had no voice in the Assembly, and no real rights within the democracy. Furthermore, slaves had no voice whatsoever in the Athenian democracy.

They had turned their geographical disadvantages to their own favour by building the long walls from the city to their port. They could then defend themselves, supply themselves by sea and launch sea invasions against their enemies - all in their favour.

This allowed them to keep going for 27 years until the Persians gave the Peloponnesian League the money to field a fleet which destroyed the hitherto dominant Athenian one. Athens, then beseiged without supply or allied support, had to surrender.

They both were very sophisticated. Spartans became scholars at a young age compared to athenians became scholars at later ages. Spartans however were also taught to be fierce cunning warriors; and that death was best in battle. Athenians were more in numbers but they lacked Strategical Warfare. However both of them did worship Offspring of Zeus. Ares and Athena were brother and sister. The Rivalry of Athens and Sparta was a Sibling like rivalry at first. But in the end, Sparta forced Athens into surrender. Athens and Sparta did rule in other city states also.

Persia expanded its empire to what it thought were natural boubdaries - in the west to the Augean Sea.

In doing so it absorbed the Greek cities in Asia Minor and the Islands. These cities appealed to their mother-cities in mainland Greece, and the latter began intervening in what Persia regarded as its territory. When the Ionian cities revolted, Athens and Eretria intervened, ending up going too far in burning the Persian provincial capital of Sardis.

Persia responded with an attempt to capture the two cities and instal puppet regimes as a warning to the rest, and to keep those cities in check. The attempt failed, defeated at Marathon.

Persia then realised that the only way to keep the Greek mainland cities quiet was to absorb them all under local puppets with a Persian governor. This invasion in 480-479 also failed, and Persia was obliged to withdraw and eventuall accept the independence of the Greek cities in Asia Minor under a peace brokered in 449 BCE.

On the southern part of the Peloponnesian Peninsula.

It would depend entirely on your status:

a. as a free male, if were you were free in Athens, you had to work hard at farming, fishing, a trade or a labourer; you were called out for military service as needed. In Sparta as a citizen, you were supported by the state on the income derived from a serf population, and devoted yourself .

b. as a free woman, in Athens you had to bear and raise children, work in the house and farm or business, and were kept in virtual purdah. In Sparta you were free to come and go, and indulge in athletic and cultural events.

c. If you were not a free male, in Athens as a slave you worked in the farm, house or business endless hours. In Sparta they were serfs who did their own thing but rendered half their produce to the Spartan state.

d. If you were not a free female, you worked in the house and farm and were at the disposal of the owning male. In Sparta, the female serfs lived with their male partners.

Take your pick.

In ancient Greece, Sparta was more powerful. While Athens focused more on literature, Spartan children went to school to train for war. They went through multiple hard tests like stepping on needles and fighting each other.

Most of the cities of Ancient Greece, like Sparta, Thebes, Mycenae, Megara, Corinth, Delphi, Athens, Argos, Epidaurus, and Pylos are still within the borders of modern Greece. However, of these, only ATHENS is still inhabited and is not just an archaeological ruin.

The slaves or the helots (means slave) didn't revolt because they were to scared to. They were treated really harshly. There were alot of helots. The people were smart to treat them really bad for they can't go againt them. I hope that helped. :D

Sparta did not win the war, the coalition of city-states it led did. After the war, the coalition broke up, and the city-states went back to their usual occupation for fighting each other. Sparta lost traction as it had lost too much of its military manpower, and was eventually defeated by Thebes, and ceased to be a principal power.

Military training, having a serf population to support them while the Athenians had to farm and do military training in their spare time.

At Battle of Thermopyles Sparta lost one of the Kings. Less than 8000 hoplites were left in city of Sparta itself. Year after 300 died, there was much bigger battle of Plateia,where full Spartan army fought the same enemy and won.

Soon after that, there was a devastating earthquake in Sparta that killed most of soldiers/citizens and destroyed the system itself.So after it Sparta never recovered as a full military society anyomore,and the military was too weak so slaves/helots started rebeling for the first time in their history.

Honor and victory were pretty major. A man was supposed to be aggressive and powerful, a woman not so much. Certain... um... "affectionate behaviors" between men and younger boys were not seen as perverted in Sparta, but women doing "masculine" things was. In some ways like a modern army, in others very different, I guess.

Athens was a democracy and had more liberal (for that time) thinking and had good navy. Sparta was a oligarchy was more conservative and militaristic and had great army. In the war between them (Peloponnesian war), Sparta won.