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Sparta
One of the city states of ancient Greece, Sparta was well known for its warrior culture.
2,647 Questions
What were medieval shields made from?
the moment the medieval era began, really.
shields have existed for milennia before the medieval age, from Ancient Egypt, to Bronze age Celts, to Roman regions, to Dark Age Saxons, Vikings, through the medieval era, the renaissance buckler and jacobite targe, and on to a modern police officer's riot shield.
It could be argued, however, that the medieval European shield is a product of the Normans, who invaded and took England in 1066AD. Their use of horses in battle prompted the development of the "kite" shield, where the bottom part of the shield was extended into a teardrop shape to help protect the rider's legs.
The name of the thirty-year between Athens and Sparta?
There were not 36 wars between Athens and Sparta.
How many Persians fought against the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae?
Who was there
The 300 Spartans were Spartan king Leonidas' bodyguard. Sparta was concerned with defending its own land from a Persian amphibious raid, and so was not about to send off a main force. Leonidas also had about 2,000 serf-light infantry. There were also about 4,000 warriors from those Greek states in the Thermopylai area which had not already gone over to the Persians.
How do we tell who won?
Who won hangs on the objectives of the both sides, and who was successful in achieving them.
What were the objectives and outcomes?
The Persian objective was to capture peninsular Greece to establish an ethnic frontier, as the latter had been supporting revolution in the Greek cities along the coast of Asia Minor, which was part of the Persian Empire. Xerxes had a large land force of about 150,000 infantry and 30,000 cavalry, and 600 warships with 120,000 crewmen.
The Persian war fleet was superior to the Greek one, so it provided both outflanking amphibious capability and protection for the resupply fleet; the amphibious capability meant the Greek forces could not concentrate, remaining at home defending their cities, and so able to be picked off one by one.
The Greek strategy was to neutralise this war fleet, both to even up the operational mobility equation and, by depriving the Persians of their essential sea supply route, ultimately force their withdrawal. Given the inequality of the fleets, the Greeks determined to force sea engagements in narrow waters to minimise the effect of the opposing superior ships and numbers: they closed the land route to the south at the Thermopylai pass to force a Persian outflanking amphibious operation in the adjacent strait. When three days of naval engagements failed to give a Greek victory, and the Thermopylai position was outflanked on land, the fleet withdrew to the strait between Salamis and Athens, and by a stratagem of splitting the Persian fleet, defeated the main force and so exposed the sea supply line.
With no resupply, Xerxes was obliged to take half his army back to Asia Minor and the remaining part had to withdraw and winter in northern Greece. The following spring the southern Greek states, no longer threatened by enemy amphibious landings, were able to concentrate in full strength at Plataia and defeat the remaining Persian army and its Greek allies. In parallel, the Greek naval forces captured the rump of the Persian fleet at Mykale in Asia Minor.
Romantic stories of the stand at Thermopylai, based on it being designed to defeat the invasion, conceal the real strategies of both adversaries. The centre of gravity of the might of Persia outside Asia was its Egyptian, Phoenician and Asian-Greek war fleet. Its neutralisation mandated a critical enemy land force reduction and removed the threat of amphibious invasion of the Peloponnese states, allowing them to concentrate against the reduced enemy land forces.
So who won at Thermopylai?
The Persians continued with their invasion until stopped elsewhere.
The Greeks lost the naval engagement offshore, which was set up by the Thermopylai defence, so the latter was to no avail. When Leonidas got news of the Persian outflanking of his position through the mountains, he sent the other contingents off to get inside the walls of friendly cities so that they wouldn't be ridden down in open country by the Persian cavalry when they broke through. He kept the Theban contingent as they were suspected of having already gone over to the Persians, and set up a last stand with his 300 Spartan hoplites and 2,000 serf-light infantry to give the dismissed contingents a head start. The Thebans quickly surrendered and the Spartan 2,300 went down to a man. The other contingents took the benefit of this sacrifice and got away safely.
Did Sparta become the most powerful city state during the golden age?
No, Athens became the most powerful Greek city-state.
Who was the city state of Sparta characterized by?
It consisted of the Spartan citizens, the free non-Spartans (perioici) and the serfs. Spartan males, having the serfs to support them, devoted their time to military training, sports and religious activities. Spartan women also participated in sports and cultural activities. The serfs worked the land and delivered half their produce to the state in return for independent living. The perioici worked their land and delivered military service.
What was the spartan education?
In Sparta boys were in the military from the age of 7. Spartan girls stayed home with their mothers but took part in sports to become strong for when they have their own children.
They weren't in the 'military'. They were put into something called the 'agoge' which was military-style education. They lived in barracks and their education was focused on teaching them how to be strong and brave and loyal to Sparta. They didn't focus on literacy or reading but were taught songs about war and winning.
At the age of twelve they were only given one cloak and barely any food but were permitted to steal as long as they weren't caught (being caught would mean a severe punishment). This was to ensure that they were able to cope with the conditions that could occur when they went to war. They also had a 'mentor' which would be someone from the gerousia (the elders who were seen to be the wisest Spartans, you were lucky to reach sixty in ancient Sparta) who would punish, reward and tutor accordingly.
When they turned eighteen they were sent into the wilderness for a year with only a dagger; where they would kill helots (the slaves, normally prisoners of war) and have to survive in extreme cold and heat with only the food they could find.
After this they would enter the military but wouldn't become a Spartan citizen until they reached the age of 30.
Spartan girls were trained with the boys until the boys went into the agoge. They were taught to be strong and brave too, during the joint education of boys and girls they could taunt boys for being weak and praise them when they did well to inspire the boys. They also had to walk naked in processions which would encourage equality and stop them being embarrassed (a thing of weakness) and apparently showed them to be prospective wives! (bachelors weren't allowed).
After the boys went into the agoge the women continued their physical training for the rest of their lives as it would prepare them for pregnancy and childbirth and they thought it'd encourage good genetics and also, when the men were at war it would be the women who were left to defend the state.
Who dominated spartan society?
The full Spartan citizens decided issues in assembly. The executive group was the council of elders (Gerousia). An executive of five Ephors ran day-to-day decisions. The two kings were war leaders with religious duties, who were members of the Gerousia..
What was the Spartan attitude toward wealth?
they looked down on the desire of wealth and those who engadged in trade.
straight out of the history of our world; the early ages book!(:
What are the 4 tensions between Athens and Sparta regarding the Peloponnesian War?
Well according to Thusydides it was the fear and jealousy of Athens, the Pentecontaetia incident where the attempt to prevent Athens from rebuilding its walls was rebuffed, the resettlements of rebel helots by Athens on a strategic city of Naupactus and the corcyraen incidents.
The immediate incidents that led up to the war. The corcyraean incident, the siege of Potidaea and the Megarian degree.
note: Different sources have different views on the causes or place a higher regard for some in complaisant to others.
http://www.answers.com/Peloponnesian%20war
What does it mean to return home with your shield or on it?
ether came home home won the battle or die in it never surrender
Did 300 Spartans win or 180000 Persians?
180,000 Persians won. This took place in the battle of Thermopylae. Leonidas and his army of 6,000 to 7,000 Spartans but were delayed by the Persians when a Greek traitor showed the Persians how to attack from both sides. Leonidas commanded all of his soldiers to escape except for 300 Spartans.
How many spartan warriors were there in peloponnesian war?
Decelean War they lost 10,000 hoplites of their own and the allies, while in Sicily 40,000 and 260 ships.
43,000 Greeks listed as killed in battle proper - again, a fraction of the true total
For Athenian 5,470 hoplites killed in battle, along with at least 12,600 from the poorer thetic class
Why did Athens form the delian league?
It provided the main part of the naval forces in the resistance to Persian attacks. After peace was made with the Persian Empire, Athens continued to collect the financial contributions for the League, by force where necessary, and used it for its own purposes, effectively turning it into an empire of its own.
Why was Sparta and Athens different?
Education In Sparta wanted a strong army, they had boys at the age of seven move into military housed called barracks. They also taught them how to read. Athens education was different, only boys with wealthy families could go to school and learn, they prepared them to be good citizens and studied many things, like math, reading etc.
What are 5 ways Athens and Sparta were the same and 5 ways they were different?
Well first the Athens government is a direct government. Sparta isn't. Athens ruled Ancient Greece for many years and were the most powerful group. Then during the Peloponnesian war, which was Sparta v.s the powerful Athens (in the 400's B.C) at the end, we ended with a new powerful group called Sparta. The Spartanians were so releaved and excited and Athenians so depressed. That is a big difference in Greek City-States government. Some similarities is that they both had citizens that had to be males, but a big difference between that is to be a citizen in Athenia, you had to be a male, but you had to have family in that city-state for 3 generations. In Sparta and other city-states you had to be also a male, but had to be born in that city-state which made a lot of Citizens.
Thanks! AncientGreekGirl :)
What type of weapons were used in the peloponnesian war?
They used spears, swords, pikes, and chariots along with siege machines.
Their helmets and greaves were made of bronze Shields were made of leather and bronze Swords and spearheads were made of iron.
What is are some achievements of alexander the great?
Some of the achievements of Alexander the Great are the victory at Issus, the victory at Gaugamela, and having the largest empire in history.
Why did the Greeks create city-states?
The earlier model was farming land with a citadel (acropolis) to retire to for protection. Around the citadel grew up houses, businesses and cultural venues, which then were walled in for protection. And this was a city - a place to live and its supporting agricultural land, usually handy to the sea or river.
Was the spartan Greeks ever defeated?
hell no, the Persians won way more against the Greeks. THEY are the not don't get the respect they deserve, because they were the strongest and most advanced army ever to rule. The impact has affected the reaches of the American bill of rights to the sistene chapel
Where was the pass at in which 300 Spartans died?
The narrow coastal pass of Thermopylae . August or September 480 BC
What are some characteristics ancient greek sculptures?
Some characteristics about Ancient Greek sculptures are to colour the sculptures, make one foot stepping more forward than the other *left usualyl in front of right), left leg larger than right leg, body positioned different compared to way head is facing and feet are facing, details of hair, eyes, mouth and chesr are exactly alike on both sides of the figure.
Who brought prosperity to Athens at the cost of other city-states?
Athems was in continuous wars through the 5th and 4th Centuries BCE. Its prosperous period came after the war ended against Persia, but having converted the anti-Persian Delian League into an empire of its own, it came into continual conflicts with these 180 citiy-states each year, colecting the annual funds by force. The records of Athens show losses each year in these enforcement battles.
With these enforced funds, Athens was able to become prosperous, but continued to engage in warfare with other city-states, keeping 100 warships at sea each year. As a result of its interference with other cities outside its empire, it became engaged in the devastating 27-year war against the Peloponesian League led by Sparta. It lost this war, was stripped of its empire and the easy money which it brought.
It had a period of peace when it was incorporated into the Roman Empire, but never the level of prosperity that warfare had brought it.
