The Difference Between

To close a document is to entirely shut it down and to retrieve it you would have to start a fresh by searching for it in

the location in which its saved since it does not appear on your task bar whereas to exit a document is to temporarily leave the document but it can, however, be seen on your task bar.

PCI-X is an extension to the original PCI slot. It uses a 64-bit data bus (most but not all PCI slots are 32-bit) and runs much faster than PCI (PCI runs at 33 or 66 MHz, PCI-X ranges from 66 MHz to 533 MHz). PCI cards can be used in a PCI-X slot, and most PCI-X cards will run in a PCI slot.

PCI-E (PCI Express) is a totally different architecture. The connectors are similar, but PCI-E is a serialized bus, whereas PCI and PCI-X was parallelized. In PCI-E, there are fewer data paths but the paths run much faster. Think of it as the difference between a six lane highway with a speed limit of 35 MPH vs. a two lane highway with a speed limit of 75 MPH.

ARPANET stands for the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. It went live in the year 1969 and was superseded by NSFNET in 1990.

Macro instruction an instruction stored in RAM. These instructions form the user's programs

example ADD Ax,Bx

It may be executed in many number of cycle

Micro instruction is a simple command that makes the hardware operate properly. The format is unique to each computer, detailed low-level instructions used in some designs to implement one Macro instruction example T0: IR<--- PC

It executed in only one clock cycle

Check it out.... SDRAM comes only in 64 bit modules (long 168 pin DIMMs). SDRAM has a access time of only 6-12 ns. The performance improvement over EDO RAM was a mere 5 percent running at 66 MHz. At 100 and 133 MHz it proves better. DDR RAM is clock doubled version of SDRAM, which is replacing SDRAM during 2001-2002. RAMBUS (RDRAM) is a more futuristic RAM type. Intel and others had great expectations from this type, but it flopped in 2000-2001. MORE ON RAM KarbosGuide.com. Module 2e1. About RAM What is RAM? [top] This page should be read together with modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, which deal with system board, system bus, I/O bus and chip sets. When we talk about motherboard and chip sets, we cannot ignore RAM. Warning: RAM and RAM chips is a very complicated, technical subject area. I can in no way give a complete, comprehensive description of this subject. RAM is our working memory storage. All the data, which the PC uses and works with during operation, are stored here. Data are stored on drives, typically the hard drive. However, for the CPU to work with those data, they must be read into the working memory storage, which is made up of RAM chips. To examine RAM, we need to look at the following: RAM types (FPM, EDO, ECC, and SD RAM) RAM modules (SIMM and DIMM) in different versions RAM and the system bus First, let us look back in time. Not too many years ago, Bill Gates said, that with 1 MB RAM, we had a memory capacity, which would never be fully utilized. That turned out to be untrue. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Historical review Back in the 80s, PCs were equipped with RAM in quantities of 64 KB, 256 KB, 512 KB and finally 1 MB. Think of a home computer like Commodore 64. It had 64 KB RAM, and it worked fine. Around 1990, advanced operating systems, like Windows , appeared on the market, That started the RAM race. The PC needed more and more RAM. That worked fine with the 386 processor, which could address larger amount of RAM. The first Windows operated PCs could address 2 MB RAM, but 4 MB soon became the standard. The race has continued through the 90s, as RAM prices have dropped dramatically. Today. it would be foolish to consider less than 32 MB RAM in a PC. Many have much more. 128 MB is in no way too much for a "power user" with Windows 95/98, it is important with plenty of RAM. Click here to read about the swap file and RAM considerations. Windows 98 is a little better at handling memory, but still a lot af RAM is a good thing. The traditional RAM type is DRAM (dynamic RAM). The other type is SRAM (static RAM). SRAM continues to remember its content, while DRAM must be refreshed every few milli seconds. DRAM consists of micro capacitors, while SRAM consists of off/on switches. Therefore, SRAM can respond much faster than DRAM. SRAM can be made with a rise time as short as 4 ns. It is used in different versions in L2 cache RAM (for example pipe line BURST Cache SRAM). DRAM is by far the cheapest to build. Newer and faster DRAM types are developed continuously. Currently, there are at least four types: FPM (Fast Page Mode) ECC (Error Correcting Code) EDO (Extended Data Output) SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A brief explanation of DRAM types FPM was the traditional RAM for PCs, before the EDO was introduced. It is mounted in SIMM modules of 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 MB. Typically, it is found in 60 ns or 70 ns versions. 60 ns is the fastest and the one to use. You cannot mix different speeds on the same Pentium motherboard. EDO (Extended Data Out) RAM is an improvement of FPM RAM. Data are read faster. EDO extends the time that output data is valid, which betters timing issues between the CPU and RAM and this way improves the performance. By switching from FPM to EDO, one could expect a performance improvement of 2 to 5 percent. EDO RAM was usually sold in 60 ns versions. A 50 ns version was available at higher cost. EDO has now been replaced by the even faster SDRAM. ECC RAM is a special error correcting RAM type. It is especially used in servers. SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)): The replacement for DRAM, FPM, and EDO RAM types. SDRAM "locks" (synchronizes) the memory access to the CPU clock. This way we get faster data transfer. While one portion of data is tranported to the CPU another can be being prepared for transfer. SDRAM comes only in 64 bit modules (long 168 pin DIMMs). SDRAM has a access time of only 6-12 ns. The performance improvement over EDO RAM was a mere 5 percent running at 66 MHz. At 100 and 133 MHz it proves better. DDR RAM is clock doubled version of SDRAM, which is replacing SDRAM during 2001-2002. RAMBUS (RDRAM) is a more futuristic RAM type. Intel and others had great expectations from this type, but it flopped in 2000-2001. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 or 9 bits per byte? Normally you figure 8 bits to one byte. For many years, a ninth bit has been added as parity bit in the RAM blocks to verify correct transmission. That way you have to transmit 9 bits, to store 8 bits in the old 30 pin RAM chips. And it takes 36 bits to store 32 bits in the larger 72 pin chips, which increases the cost of the RAM chip by about 12%. If your motherboard requires 36 bit modules, you must respect that. Fortunately, most system boards accepts 32 bit modules, so this creates no problems. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RAM and motherboard [top] You cannot freely install your desired RAM type. RAM is controlled by the chip set on the motherboard, so you must install a type, which matches your motherboard. Furthermore, RAM chips come in different sizes, which must match the system board. On modern system boards, RAM is installed on SIMM or DIMM modules. Before, small individual DRAMs were used. There was usually room for 36 small chips on the system board. That made it cumbersome to install new RAM. Then, someone figured out to install RAM chips on cards, which are easily installed. First came the SIPP modules. They had multiple pins, which fit in the motherboard. Since then came the SIMM modules. They are mounted on a card, which has an edge connector. They fit in sockets on the motherboard, and anyone can install them. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RAM speeds [top] RAM speed is measured in ns (nano seconds). The fewer ns, the faster is the RAM. Years ago, RAM came in 120, 100 and 80 ns. Today, we are talking about 60 ns and faster. It becomes complicated to describe the relationship between RAM speed and the ability of the system bus to utilize fast RAM. I will gloss over that. But here is a table which illustrates RAM speed, relative to clock speed: Clock speed Time per clock tick 20 MHz 50 ns 25 MHz 40 ns 33 MHz 30 ns 50 MHz 20 ns 66 MHz 15 ns 100 MHz 10 ns 133 MHz 6 ns -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Peak Bandwidth [top] Here you see the maximal peak bandwidth of the three well known RAM types. The figures illustrates the absolutely maximal transfer from RAM to the L2-cache - in peaks, not as continuously transferred. RAM type Max. peak bandwidth FPM 176 MB/sec EDO 264 MB/sec SD 528 MB/sec

An organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compounds which emit light in response to an electric current. This layer of organic semiconductor material is situated between two electrodes. Generally, at least one of these electrodes is transparent.

There really aren't five main differences between a hub and a switch; the main difference is that a signal is repeated across all ports in a hub, and only to the specific port in a switch.

* FDM - hava a guard band , if the band width for the data is x * OFDM - no guard band , x/2 band with

input

There are lots of benefits of using PHP over ASP

Hosting is cheap and as I can think off

1. Because of free OS available that is Linux

2. Web server is free

3. Database is free (MySQL) and gels with it very well

4. As OS is Linux you don't pay any anti virus cost

5. Language is easy to learn and lots of resources available

ram stands for random access memory while rom is read only memory
RAM is Random Access Memory that is used to store data that is from using desktop applications or web browser based functions. ROM is Read Only Memory, ROM is used for only one thing and that is to read the memory that is integrated within the CD that you put in the computer. You can remember what ROM does by just remembering Read Only Memory, because all it does is what the name implies, which is to read data.

full screen cuts off the left and right sides of the picture to make it fit on a 4:3 aspect ration tv screen. (it makes it square more or less) while widescreen actually shows you the entire picture that was originally shot.

of course the ipad. the ipad is the newest and latest technology piece by apple. its at an affordable price starting at 500 dollars and features the new feature "ibook" which lets you read books on your computer with a crisp clean picture... the ipad is the right choice!

A single user System is a system used by a single user or we can say personal computer, thus all the resources are always available for the user to work on any

project,surfing the net,making programs using high level languages like C,C# etc.

But the limitation of a single user system is the wastage of CPU & resources ,when

the user is doing nothing on the system.

Multi-user System is intended to use the overall resources to maximum.We can say

a condition in which CPU has no idle time and always busy to execute programs so

frequently that it seems to interact with each user putting some job to do.Complexity increases with regard to multi-user systems because of resource sharing.

MB is an acronym for MegaByte. GB is an acronym for GigaByte. The two terms are different by their size in computer data. A Megabyte is roughly equal to 1,000,000 Bytes (or 1 Million) A Gigabyte is roughly equal to 1,000,000,000 Bytes (or 1 Billion)

The serviceability limit state is the point where a structure can no longer be used for it's intended purpose but would still be structurally sound. The tolerances for serviceability depend on the intended use of the structure and can vary significantly.

For example machine foundations often have extremely small tolerances for differential settlement which if it occurred would render the machines unusable (without causing any damage), whereas the same level of differential settlement on a road or embankment would have virtually no effect on its use.

The ultimate limit state is reached when the applied stresses actually exceed the strength of the structure or structural elements causing it to fail or collapse.

There are not many differences between residential and nursing homes. They both offer accommodation, meals and personal care. The only difference is with the staff on duty. At a nursing home, they will always have at least one nurse on hand if not more. A residential home will call a medical staff in from an outside agency for medical needs.

Their is a slight diffrence in the two words, a diference is that they are synonyms to a certain degree.

Then is used to relate to time and than is used when there is a comparison to be made.

Ginette, Minerva 35, and Diane 35 have the same active ingredients at the same strength.

18,354-4,672

2 is decimal format in computer language. 2 can be represented as 10 in binary format.

Research and analysis are two related but distinct processes that are often used in various fields, including science, business, and academia. Here are the key differences between research and analysis:

Research:

Definition: Research is the systematic process of collecting, investigating, and gathering information and data to increase knowledge, understanding, or to answer specific questions.

Purpose: The primary purpose of research is to gather new information, explore unknown phenomena, or create new knowledge. It often involves generating hypotheses, conducting experiments, surveys, or observations to discover new facts or principles.

Scope: Research is a broader and more exploratory process. It can involve a wide range of activities, including literature review, data collection, experimentation, and data analysis.

Creativity: Research often requires creativity and innovation, especially when designing experiments, formulating hypotheses, or exploring novel concepts.

Timeline: Research projects can vary widely in duration. Some may be short-term studies, while others may span years or even decades.

Output: Research typically leads to the creation of new knowledge, theories, models, or discoveries that may or may not have immediate practical applications.

Analysis:

Definition: Analysis is the process of examining, interpreting, and evaluating existing data, information, or findings to uncover patterns, insights, and conclusions.

Purpose: The primary purpose of analysis is to make sense of existing data or information, extract valuable insights, and draw conclusions. It often involves organizing, summarizing, and deriving meaning from data.

Scope: Analysis is a focused and narrower process compared to research. It is concerned with the examination and interpretation of data that has already been collected.

Creativity: While analysis requires critical thinking and problem-solving skills, it typically involves less creativity than research, as the data and information are already available.

Timeline: Analysis projects tend to have shorter timelines compared to research projects, as they deal with existing data or findings.

Output: Analysis leads to the synthesis of information or data-driven insights that can inform decision-making, solve problems, or support research findings.

In summary, research is the process of generating new knowledge or exploring unknown phenomena, while analysis involves examining and interpreting existing data or information to derive insights and conclusions. Both research and analysis play essential roles in advancing knowledge and making informed decisions in various fields, but they differ in their objectives, scope, and methods.

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