0
Vaccinations
A vaccine is the preparation of dead microorganisms, living weakened microorganisms or inactivated toxins. Its administration induces the development of immunity and protection against a pathogen or toxin and is called a vaccination.
1,376 Questions
Recommended vaccinations for Pigeons?
You need PMV1 Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 of pigeon origin, Pigeon Pox Vaccine and paratyphoid vaccine.
Do you need a vaccination to travel to rome from Australia?
Well, that country is a very interesting choice. I say it is interesting because of the procedures you will have to go through. First you must contact your local physician to get a multitude of about ten to twelve shots to prevent you from contracting any of the following diseases : Amebiasis, Chancroid, Hookworm infections, Keratitis, E.coli, Kuru, Rickettsial infections, and Rubella. You will also need to go through a chemical bath to prevent any crop diseases from spreading. That just about sums it up. I hope this helps!
How many vaccines are available in the world?
There are about 760, many of which are only available in certain western countries.
What is in a vaccine that makes a vaccine effective?
A vaccine is basically made of a small amount of the disease-causing organism, either inert/inactive/in pieces or alive but attenuated (weakened so it can not make you sick), which is mixed in a liquid with ingredients for purity, for preservation, and for sterile injection (for shots).
How vaccines work:
They trigger an immune response so our body can make defenses against the infectious organism, so we are at the ready with antibodies if we are exposed to the full strength organism in the wild again.
Antibodies, small molecules that attach to the virus or bacterium infecting you, act by either tagging a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or by neutralizing its target directly (for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival).
What vaccines do donkeys need?
All equids (and tapirs) require the same vaccines but these will vary according to where they live.
Is it possible to get vaccinated for everything?
No, as vaccinations for all diseases are not available. Moreover, the major reason is the wide spectrum of prevalent diseases.
What year did Andrew Wakefield say MMR Vaccine caused autism?
To be clear - Dr Wakefield has never actually said MMR causes autism - just that there was evidence that would merit investigating it and that the type of MMR vaccine being used should be changed to a different kind. In 1998 he and 12 other doctors/researchers reported on the care of 12 children at The Royal Free Hospital in England.
In that report they expressed the idea that clinical studies on the relationship between MMR, a new form of enterocolitis and autism needed to be done, to ensure there was no relationship between them. They said the medical history of the children and their findings while caring for them showed there MAY be a connection, and further studies were needed to ensure vaccinating with 3 live virus (as in the MMR) was safe.
Dr Wakefield recommended separate vaccines instead of the triple-virus MMR vaccine. At the time single shots were available.
As word of Dr Wakefield's recommendations spread, the British government stopped the procurement of single valent vaccines and the General Medical Council investigated and hounded physicians who procured and administered single valent vaccines, instead of the Glaxo Smith Kline MMR triple-jab.
==========
After the publication of Wakefield's paper in The Lancet- the prestigious British medical journal, other researchers were unable to reproduce Wakefield's findings or confirm his hypothesis of an association between the MMR vaccine and autism, or autism and gastrointestinal disease. After a British Journalist uncovered and published undisclosed financial conflict of interest information (Wakefield was getting money from people suing the vaccine company claiming the vaccine caused autism in their children), the British Governing Medical Council (GMC) - the governing body for physicians in Britain - opened an investigation against Wakefield and two former colleagues. Most of his co-authors withdrew their support for the study's interpretations
On 28 January 2010, a five-member statutory tribunal of the GMC found three dozen charges proved, including four counts of dishonesty and 12 counts involving the abuse of developmentally challenged children. The panel ruled that Wakefield had "failed in his duties as a responsible consultant", acted both against the interests of his patients, and "dishonestly and irresponsibly" in his published research.
Wakefield's study that was used to link MMR to autism was retracted by The Lancet and was subsequently labeled an "elaborate fraud" in an investigation published by the British medical journal BMJ. The investigation concluded the study's author, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, misrepresented or altered the medical histories of all 12 of the patients whose cases formed the basis of the 1998 study -- and that there was "no doubt" Wakefield was responsible.
Three months following The Lancet's retraction, Wakefield was struck off the UK medical register, with a statement identifying deliberate falsification in the research published in The Lancet and was barred from practicing medicine in the UK.
Wakefield's utter failure to conduct valid research does not disprove any possible links between vaccines and autism, but it is pretty obvious his "study" suggesting a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism was worthless for that purpose.
Did you have an adverse reaction to the H1N1 vaccine?
Yes. I filed a report and have been tracked by John Hopkins Medical following a rash. My daughter and son also have experienced rashes since vaccination and my husband, who didn't get the shot, has not. Not sure if it is related but it is being tracked.
How does a vaccine promotes immunity?
It forces your body to recognise a specific antigen, either by injecting a weakened version of it or pieces of it. Specialised cells then recognise and trigger an immunological response for that specific anitigen. T cells "remember" so if you're ever infected an immunological response is much more effective.
They can vary depending on what strains are expected to be in circulation during the flu season each year in each region. This is most often spoken in terms of hemispheres, Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern.
In the US they begin looking at what strains of influenza viruses are causing outbreaks in the Eastern Hemisphere in Asia just as the flu season is ending in the US in the spring of the Western Hemisphere. Through tracking by epidemiologists with the World Health Organization and various health departments of governments of individual countries (such as the CDC in the US), the types of flu in circulation during flu season on the other side of the world are analyzed.
They also monitor the flu season in the Southern Hemisphere, and by the time it is late summer in the US, the scientists have picked the three most prominent influenza viruses that are and have been spreading that year, are expected to be arriving in the season, and for which vaccines will be made for use in the US by seasonal flu shot time before the virus moves with the cooler weather into North America. The reverse happens as the Southern Hemisphere watches to see what is going to be in their next seasonal vaccine based on what they see causing outbreaks on the other side of the world as the season swings back to them.
Are there any vaccines to prevent the spread of asthma?
Most probably not, because asthma is a form of allergy, not a disease. Hence, it does not have a causative organism against which we can get immunised by vaccination.
Why is it important for most of the population to be vaccinated?
Those who are vaccinated will not unknowingly pass vaccine-preventable diseases onto those who cannot fight the disease, such as the elderly, the young, and those with compromised immune systems.
What is cost of single dose of measles vaccine?
For a personal travel vaccine, anywhere between $67 and $191.
Where do you have a vaccination?
There are various places to have a vaccination a hospital, sometimes Wal Mart will let you purchase them that is a couple of places you can get them.
How does the polio vaccine effect us today?
There are still cases of polio out there today, so we have the vaccinations if someday we were to have another breakout of the epidemic!
Why did my nurse give me my H1N1 vaccine in the buttocks instead of my arm?
The typical site is in the muscle in the upper arm for adults, but really any larger muscle works, and the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks is as good or better than the upper arm.
If you get tenderness at the site of the injection, it may be uncomfortable sitting on certain surfaces or in some positions, but the arm has disadvantages as the site too, like when you have soreness and need to move and use your arms, or if something or someone bumps into your arm in a crowded place. They often use the arm since it can be done in a less private setting. But if you were in the doctor's office that is not an issue so that might be why they chose the buttocks. Walking will be good to help work out the soreness if you do get some.
For young children the typical place is their lateral thigh muscle, older children will get them in the arm, buttocks or thigh as well.
Are the Jonas brothers getting vaccinated for the swine flu?
Yes, the Jonas Brothers are currently thinking of being vaccinated around the 2nd of December. They invite 3 fans to get vaccinated with them, win that contest in the newest issue of the magazine J-14 or Bop. The email address will be shown at the bottom of the page so send them a reason why you should go. If you win, the will send you a letter at home and you will also win a trip to Texas since they are getting it there at the Oliver-Guilmont vaccination Center.
Can you get the flu even if you have had the flu vaccination?
Yes. The ability of flu vaccine to protect a person depends on two things: 1) the age and health status of the person getting vaccinated, and 2) the similarity or "match" between the virus strains in the vaccine and those circulating in the community.
Vaccinations are not 100% effective for every person. Vaccinations for the flu are usually around 80% effective, but some years they are better matched to the viruses in the environment and then are more effective. Each individual's response to the vaccine will vary. The elderly tend to not have the same effects as younger and healthier people do, they have a less robust immune response and less protection than those without other diseases and disorders.
For more reasons why you might get the flu even though you were vaccinated, the question in the related question section gives more detail.
Are vaccines OK when you are pregnant?
You should ALWAYS check with your Doctor before taking ANY medication if you are pregnant or if you are planning to get pregnant.
If you are exposed to H1N1 09 Swine Flu and then days later get vaccinated will you get the flu?
It is possible that if you are exposed to the swine flu H1N1/09 virus before getting vaccinated for the same flu virus, you could still get the flu. It will not be because you took the vaccine that you would have the flu, however, it would only be because you did not get the vaccine in time to prevent the flu from the prior exposure. The vaccine does not work as soon as you get it. It can take 8 to 10 days for the body to develop the immunity in children over ten and adults who are otherwise healthy (longer in younger children and infants and in those who have compromised immune systems). So, since the incubation period for the swine flu is estimated to be around 4 days (most estimations are from 1 - 7 days), it is possible that you may get the flu from a prior exposure before the vaccine can be effective in protecting you.
That is a high fever, it would be wise to contact a doctor to see if you need an appointment for an examination. A reaction to a vaccination would not cause a temperature that high. And it takes about two weeks for immunity to develop after a flu shot, so there is a possibility of the flu, either the type that the vaccine was for or another type of flu. Better safe than sorry.
Take some Acetaminophen. If this does not bring your fever down to 101o, call and speak to your doctors' nuse or the ER nurse. Do NOT take aspirin. The nurse will advise you if you need further evaluation.
What side effect does the H1N1 vaccine have on an unborn child?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the inactivated ("dead") virus vaccines for pregnant women. The nasal mists containing live weakened virus is not approved for pregnant women. The risk to the unborn fetus was considered in the trials and approval process. The guidance from the CDC is very clear that the risk of not getting vaccinated against A-H1N1/09 to pregnant women and their unborn fetus is much greater than the risk of using the vaccines. Obstetricians are recommending H1N1/09 vaccinations to their patients. The vaccine is made exactly like the seasonal flu shots have been made for decades with a proven safety record, so there is no reason to think the same vaccine made with inert particles from a different virus strain would prove any less safe.
The following are excerpts from a September 3, 2009guidance document from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine and Pregnant Women:
Influenza vaccines have not been shown to cause harm to a pregnant woman or her baby. The seasonal flu shot (injection) is proven as safe and already recommended for pregnant women. The 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine will be made using the same processes and facilities that are used to make seasonal influenza vaccines.
It is important for a pregnant woman to receive the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine as well as a seasonal influenza vaccine. A pregnant woman who gets any type of flu is at risk for serious complications and hospitalization. Pregnant women who are otherwise healthy have been severely impacted by the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus (formerly called "novel H1N1 flu" or "swine flu"). In comparison to the general population, a greater proportion of pregnant women infected with the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus have been hospitalized. In addition, severe illness and death has occurred in pregnant women. Six percent of confirmed fatal 2009 H1N1 flu cases thus far have been in pregnant women while only about 1% of the general population is pregnant. While hand washing, staying away from ill people, and other steps can help to protect pregnant women from influenza, vaccination is the single best way to protect against the flu.
There are two types of flu vaccine. Pregnant women should get the "flu shot"- an inactivated vaccine (containing fragments of killed influenza virus) that is given with a needle, usually in the arm. The flu shot is approved for use in pregnant women. The other type of flu vaccine - nasal-spray flu vaccine (sometimes called LAIV for "live attenuated influenza vaccine)-is not currently approved for use in pregnant women. This vaccine is made with live, weakened flu viruses that do not cause the flu). LAIV (FluMist®) is approved for use in healthy* people 2-49 years of age who are not pregnant. In addition to protecting her from infection, infants less than 6 months old will not be able to be vaccinated so it is recommended that everyone who lives with or provides care for infants less than 6 months of age receive both the seasonal influenza vaccine and 2009 H1N1 influenza monovalent vaccine to provide protection for the infant.
One recent study conducted in Bangladesh, assessed the effectiveness of influenza immunization for mothers and their young infants. Inactivated influenza vaccine reduced proven influenza illness by 63% in infants up to 6 months of age. This study confirmed that maternal influenza immunization is a strategy with substantial benefits for both mothers and infants. There is no evidence that thimerosal (used as a preservative in vaccine packaged in multi-dose vials) is harmful to a pregnant woman or a fetus. However, because some women are concerned about exposure to preservatives during pregnancy, manufacturers will produce preservative-free seasonal and 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccines in single dose syringes for pregnant women and small children. CDC recommends that pregnant women may receive influenza vaccine with or without thimerosal. People for whom the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine is recommended should receive it, even if they have had an influenza-like illness previously, unless they can be certain they had 2009 H1N1 influenza based on a laboratory test that can specifically detect 2009 H1N1 viruses. CDC recommends that persons who were tested for 2009 H1N1 influenza discuss this issue with a healthcare provider to see if the test they had was either an RT-PCR or a viral culture that showed 2009 H1N1 influenza. There is no harm in being vaccinated if you had 2009 H1N1 influenza in the past.
Pregnant women are encouraged to get vaccinated against the flu. As always, when pregnant, check with your obstetrician before taking any medication.
You should not get the vaccine if you are allergic to eggs** or sulfa drugs. Inform your health care professional if you have ever had a severe (life-threatening) allergy to eggs or to any other substance in a vaccine (some vaccines contain traces of neoporin, gentamicin and polymixin).
**New studies show that an allergy to eggs, or other chicken proteins, may not prohibit some people from getting a flu vaccination. See the related questions for more information.
See the related links section below for a link to the full CDC guidance document.
