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WW1 Air Warfare
War that takes place in the air. The craft, pilots, services and tactics of war airfare during the period 1914-1918.
700 Questions
Hoovervilles were shantytowns during President Hoovers term also during The Great Depression
Yes, they were places where homless, jobless people lived. They consisted of small shacks. This was during the 1930's (The Great Depression)
Would you rather be a pilot or a trench solder during world war 1?
While pilots had more comforts than the trench soldiers, they also had a higher fatality rate. About 10% of infantry soldiers who served in the British army were killed; and 20% of Combat pilots died.
Why did the German military suggest that Manfred Von Richthofen retire?
I wasn't aware they did but I can see why. Richthofem was wounded when a bullet grazed his head. The German Command Staff probably feared that their highest Ace would be killed in combat and this would demoralize the troops and the country and convince them that the war was lost.
How many Canadian soldiers died in passchendaele?
15,564 Canadian soldiers died at Passchendale along with 15,000 other combatants.
How did Canadian artists contribute to the First World War?
Canada's First World War collection of nearly 1,000 paintings is known as the Canadian War Memorials Fund (CWMF). It was the first official war art program in the world and boasts the largest number of oversize paintings of any collection of its kind. Most of the CWMF paintings are in the custody of the Canadian War Museum (CWM). The National Gallery of Canada (NGC) transferred the collection to the museum in 1971. The NGC retained in its collection, however, a number of the most modern paintings. Eight of the largest CWMF paintings have hung in the Senate Chamber on Parliament Hill since 1921. The Contribution of Lord Beaverbrook The First World War collection was the brainchild of Sir Max Aitken (created Lord Beaverbrook in December 1916). Born in 1879, he was raised in New Brunswick. After relocating to Britain in 1910, the millionaire newspaper owner moved easily into its highest aristocratic and political circles. Always a Canadian at heart, however, Beaverbrook's genuine nationalist fervour contributed to his decision in 1916 to initiate and take personal responsibility for a project to record the war from Canada's point of view through the Canadian War Records Office (CWRO). By this time, the First World War had been ongoing for two years. Aitken's media interests made him ideally suited to the task of documenting the conflict in film, photograph and print. His experience with a mass circulation daily paper, the Daily Express, meant he also knew what engaged people's interests. A single event turned him in the direction of documenting the war in art: the horrific German gas attack on the Canadians at the Second Battle of Ypres in April and May 1915. For a variety of reasons the event was not photographed, so in November 1916, Aitken commissioned a huge 3.7 x 6 metre painting from the British artist and illustrator Richard Jack through his new art organization, the Canadian War Memorials Fund. Undoubtedly, the success of this venture, combined with the prevailing belief that the lifespan of a photograph was limited, contributed to his decision to commission more artists to record Canada's war experiences for posterity. Artists on the Battlefield He and his war art advisor, the Hungarian-born art critic P.G. Konody, worked essentially from two angles. First, they commissioned big pictures from important British artists such as David Cameron, Louis Weirter, Gerald Moira, and C.R.W. Nevinson. Beaverbrook thought initially that the oversize works might contribute to the decoration of the new Houses of Parliament in Ottawa, the original buildings having been largely destroyed by fire in 1916. But he was also responsive to the idea that artists should spend time on the battlefield making sketches of documentary value that, ultimately, might be turned into larger works. He employed soldiers who were artists, such as Thurstan Topham. He also provided opportunities to his newspapers' graphic artists, men like H.J. Mowat. The French-Canadian Battalion - the 22nd - was painted by a Belgian official war artist, Alfred Bastien, who was seconded to the Battalion for three weeks. The medical services overseas were captured in paint by artists such as the painter and printmaker Cyril Barraud. It was his special interest in size and impact and his preference for British artists that brought Beaverbrook into conflict with officials in Ottawa, in particular with the National Gallery of Canada. The main player there was Sir Edmund Walker, president of the Canadian Bank of Commerce and the chairman of the gallery's board of trustees. Working with him at the gallery was the Englishman Eric Brown, its first director. While they appreciated Beaverbrook's extraordinary drive in founding and funding the Canadian war art program, they had different views on what form the record should take. The gallery's interest lay in field study, not grand studio composition. It also worried that the program recommended too many commissions for British artists. Such nationalist sympathies were hardly unique. While Canadians were still British subjects, many craved an identity, in politics and in art, which would be distinct from their associations with the mother country. The Group of Seven Walker corresponded with Beaverbrook concerning the employment of Canadian artists. Beaverbrook was receptive and gradually hired more Canadians, such as future Group of Seven member A.Y. Jackson. Walker was instrumental in hiring another future Group painter, F. H. Varley, who was among four artists - another was Maurice Cullen - given the rank of captain and attached to the Canadian Corps. Walker and Brown were responsible for including future Group members in another aspect of the war's artistic record: the home front. Arthur Lismer created memorable images of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in wartime, producing vibrant portraits of dazzle-painted ships in the harbour. Frank Johnston worked for several months documenting pilot training at various bases in Ontario. His watercolours of Curtiss JN-4 aircraft joyously looping-the-loop above the tranquil fall farm landscape uniquely convey the idea of flight and show that, for some, war was not a grim business.
Why do rotary aircraft engines use castor oil?
In the early days of gasoline engines, early Lubricants were of high viscosity, very waxy and had very poor low temperature characteristics. Castor oil was discovered to be a good lubricant. It was first used in race car engines and then many aircraft engines; NOT just rotary engines. Rotary aircraft engines relied on oil to be splashed around the cranks chamber and removed via the exhausts. No sumps were acomodated in this design. Due to the torturous nature of the rotary engine's induction system, plus the need for the oil NOT to mix with the fuel, castor based oils were the only products used in this design type. (Rotary engines were unique to WW1 aircraft. These engines were mounted on a fixed crankshaft and had odd-number of cylinders mounted around the shaft. The propellor was bolted to the engine. When the cylinders fired, it rotated the engine & propellor around the crankshaft and spun the engine. Later, Radial engines were made that had the engine bolted to the airframe and the pistons spun the propellor---the common engine used from 1920's thru WW2.) The design of the Rotary Engine resulted in the castor oil being expelled in copious quantities through the valve system on top of the engine. The pilots would often ingest much of this, leading to a quick trip to the toilets upon landing as it caused indigestion. Since castor oil was needed for lubricating airplane engines, 100,000 acres of land in the southern United States had to be planted in castor beans. Castor Oil used by the radial engine was supplanted by Voltol, an oil derived from coal. The Germans tried to use Voltol since the Allies had am embargo to stop shipments of castor oil. Source: Article on The Rise and Fall of Castor Oilhttp://www.penriteoil.com/uk/techbulletins/V3_RiseandFallofCastor.pdf
What were the most common rifles in World War 1?
The most common rifle in WWI would have been: * the Russion 7.62R Mosin Nagant Model 91; * the British and Commonwealth .303 Lee Enfield No.1 MK III; * the German 7.92 mm Gew98 (later shortened and designated the 98K) Mauser; * the French 8x50R Berthier and Lebel rifles (both used in huge quantities); * the Italian 6.5mm Carcano; * the Austrian 8x50R Steyr-Mannlicher M1895; and, * the American 30.06 Springfield (M1903) and P17 Enfield. Additonally, both some South African troops in central Africa and Portugese troops in both Africa and Europe used the 7 mm Mauser, typically in the Gew88 pattern. Regards Richard Wm Short
Ottawa - Canada
Where did Manfred von Richthofen lived?
Manfred Von Richtofen was born in Stuggart, Germany and when he was 3 years old moved to Vienna, Austria. When he was in his 20's he moved to Danberry, Connecticut.
Who invented the Zeppelin airship?
Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin invented the Zeppelin airship. Zeppelin arrived at the idea for his flying machine after observing dirigible balloons in use during 1870-1871. When Zeppelin finally began designing his airships in earnest, he followed closely the designs of aviation pioneer, David Shwartz, who had developed and tested the first dirigible aircraft in 1897. Even though one of the propeller belts broke during the test flight. He died of a heart attack and Zeppelin bought the plans from the Schwartz widow. The rest is history.
What kind of men are narcissits?
A narcissistic man is self absorbed, opportunistic and would rather spend money on himself for your birthday gift.
Adolf Hitler took command of the armed forces then in 1939 Hitler's army invaded Poland.
How many wings the fighter plane of Germany's Red Baron have?
The Red Baron, Baron Manfred von Richtofen was Germany's top ace in WW 1. He shot down 80 enemy aircraft. He was killed in air combat. It was a day of national mourning in Germany when he was killed in his tri-winged fighter.
What was the Wold War 1 airplane 803581 used for?
Without knowing what aircraft you are referring to, it's pretty much impossible to identify the plane and it's role. The number is meaningless. It may be a serial number, but again, without knowing if it was a German, British, French etc airplane and the make (Nieuport, Fokker etc), it's not possible to say.
Who is to blame for the beginning of ww1 other than Germany?
A Serbian terrorist group called The Black Handassassinated the Austrio- Hungarian archduke on one of his tours to an area of the empire. The Serbians believed this territory was rightfully theirs and were willing to start a war over it. As soon as the archduke and his pregnant wife were killed, Austrio- Hungary attacked the Serbians. Germany did not start the war. They were allied with Serbia, they joined in after Austrio- Hungary retalliated against Serbia.
What pilot shot down at least 5 enemy planes during World War 1?
Literally hundreds of pilots shot down 5 enemy planes. Are you asking what was a pilot called? That was ace, l'as, Überkanonen, depending on language.
What began with the introduction of the tank and airplane during World War 1?
Airplanes were not introduced in WW1, their use predates the war. Many countries had fledling air corps years before WW1. Aircraft were used for bombing missions as early as Aug of 1914.
Tanks, however, were new.
What are the speeds of WW1 fighter planes?
127 mph to 135 mph :D but they mostly say the maxium is 127 mph.... hoped that helped:)
Is there any World War 1 solders called debond?
I couldn't find any specific information about a World War 1 soldier named "Debond." It's possible that the name was misspelled or misremembered. Without more details, it's challenging to provide more specific information.
Did Jehovah's Witnesses predict World War 1?
No they did not. We believed that Jesus Christ was throned as king in 1914 and Satan and his demons were cast out of heaven when that happened. To distract people from that glorious time, Satan caused World War I in October of that year.
What type of weapons did fighter planes have after world war 1?
Early in the war, pilots and observers went up armed with rifles and gernades. Later each fighter plane was armed with 1 or 2 machine guns.
Depending on which country and which airplane they could have:
Hotchkiss Gun (France), LewisMod.15 and Lewis Aerial (Allies), Vickers-Maxim Mk.I (Br Empire, US), Colt-Browning Mod.1895/1914 (US), Parabellum Mod.1921 (Germany), Schwarzlose 7/12 (Austria) and LMG 08/15 Spandau (Germany)
Until Fokker Aircraft designer Antony Fokker designed an interrupter gear, machine guns had to be mounted on an upper wing strut, above the propeller.
Was captain Edward Rickenbacker a Freemason?
Yes, Brother Rickenbacker was indeed a Freemason. He was raised a Master Mason in Kilwinning Lodge #297 in Detroit, Michigan in 1922.
What is are the differences between combat in World War 1 and the 19nth century?
Combat in World War I and in the 19th century differed mostly by degree, not by kind. That is, from the American Civil War (in the 1860s) onward, warfare was conducted with naval, ground, and air forces of a roughly similar kind in each conflict. At least three notable differences remain, however: the introduction of new aircraft capable of effective military actions; the use of gas-warfare by both sides; and the introduction of armored fighting vehicles (i.e., "tanks").
The decision by the PIO supporting Incident Command to activate the JIS is based on what?
The complexity of the incident and the need to ensure coordination and integration of messages
How does the war affect life at Devon?
Gene sits at the first chapel service of the school year and observes that the school atmosphere seems back to normal, with all its usual austerity and discipline. He lives in the same room that he shared with Finny over the summer. The room across the hall, which belonged to Leper, now houses Brinker Hadley, a prominent personage on campus. After lunch, Gene starts to go across the hall but suddenly decides that he doesn't want to see Brinker. He realizes that he is late for an afternoon appointment at the Crew House. On his way, he stops on the footbridge at the junction of the upper Devon River and the lower Naguamsett River. He envisions Finny balancing himself on the prow of a canoe on the river, the way Finny used to do.
Gene has taken the thankless position of assistant senior crew manager and has to work for Cliff Quackenbush, an unhappy, bullying type. After practice is over, Quackenbush pesters Gene as to why he has taken the job: normally boys only tolerate the position of assistant in hopes of becoming manager the following year, but Gene is already a senior. Quackenbush begins to insult him, implying that Gene must be working as a manager because he cannot row; indeed, as Gene knows, disabled students usually fill such positions. Gene hits Quackenbush hard and they start to fight and fall into the river. Gene pulls himself out and Quackenbush tells him not to come back. As Gene walks home, he meets Mr. Ludsbury, the master in charge of his dormitory, who berates him for taking advantage of the summer substitute and engaging in illegal activities: in addition to his escape to the beach with Finny, Gene had participated in late-night games of poker and transgressed the rules in other ways. Gene only regrets not having taken fuller advantage of the summer laxity.
Mr. Ludsbury then mentions that Gene has received a long distance phone call. Gene enters the master's study and, calling the number written on the notepad there, soon hears Finny's voice. Finny asks about their room and is relieved when Gene replies that he has no roommate. Finny says that he just wanted to be sure that Gene is no longer "crazy" like he was when he visited Finny and claimed that he jounced the limb. Finny then asks about sports and throws a fit when Gene tells him that he is trying to be assistant crew manager. Finny tells Gene that he has to play sports, for his sake, and Gene feels oddly joyful to think that he must be destined to become a part of Finny.
Brinker comes across the hall to see Gene and congratulates him on getting such a large room all to himself. He jokingly accuses Gene of having "done away with" Finny to get the room. Gene tries weakly to play along with the joke and then suggests that they go smoke cigarettes in the basement "Butt Room." Upon their arrival, however, Brinker pretends that the Butt Room is a dungeon and announces to the others there that he has brought a prisoner accused of killing his roommate. Gene tries to shake off the comment's hint of truth by making an overblown, obviously joking confession; he chokes, however, when he begins to describe jolting Finny out of the tree. Paralyzed, he challenges a younger boy to "reconstruct the crime," but the boy says simply that Gene must have pushed Finny off the branch. Gene ridicules the boy's conclusion, directing attention away from himself but eliciting the boy's hatred. He then declares that he must go study his French, leaving without having smoked.To relieve wartime labor shortages, the boys shovel snow off the railroad and receive payment in return. On his way to the train station to go shovel, Gene finds Leper in the middle of a meadow, cross-country skiing. Leper says that he is looking for a beaver dam on the Devon River and invites Gene to come see it sometime if he finds it. Gene works on the same shoveling team as Brinker and Chet Douglass but finds the work dull and arduous. The boys shovel out the main line and cheer as a troop train, packed with young men in uniform, continues by them on its way. On the train home, the boys talk only of the war and their eagerness to be involved. Quackenbush says that he will finish school before going off to be a soldier, as he wants to take full advantage of Devon's physical hardening program. The other boys accuse him of being an enemy spy.
When they arrive back at Devon, the boys find Leper coming back from his expedition to the beaver dam. Brinker makes fun of him and, as they walk away, tells Gene that he is tired of school and wants to enlist tomorrow. Gene feels a thrill at the thought of leaving his old life to join the military. That night, after spending some time contemplating the stars, he decides to enlist as well. When he returns to his room, however, he finds Finny there.
Analysis: Chapter 6-7The shift in seasons from summer to winter parallels a more general shift in the novel's mood from the carefree innocence that preceded Finny's fall to a darker time in which a note of doom, associated with the coming war, grips the school. This shift is given a physical embodiment in the two rivers on campus. The fresh, clear, bubbling Devon River represents the summer session and its naïve carefree character. But this river flows into the salty, ugly, unpredictable Naguamsett, which is joined to the ocean and controlled by the large, global forces of the tides. This river can be seen as a symbol of a dawning era of bitter conflict and disempowerment for the boys. Whereas Finny, with his spontaneity and rebellious spirit, directs the activities of the former era, Brinker Hadley, a stolid, rigid personality and an advocate for authority and order, now succeeds him as the boys' leader. Indeed, not only does Brinker support order in the classroom and the dormitory, but he also functions as a force for order in the larger moral landscape. It is he who first suspects Gene's guilt and eventually insists on bringing out the truth and seeing justice done at whatever cost.
Gene's desire to manage crew seems to be an attempt to escape Finny's shadow, as it places him far from the central, physical aspect of the school's athletics program, in which Finny excelled. Yet the reader quickly realizes the irony of this attempt when Gene remarks that the job usually goes to disabled students: Gene, of course, is not disabled, but Finny is. Once again, it seems, Gene proves unable to separate his own identity from that of his friend. When the odious Quackenbush (a minor character whose absurd name suits his role as a much-disliked clod) makes fun of Gene for being"maimed," Gene responds violently even though he isn't maimed at all. One can argue that he is fighting for Finny-or, perhaps, that he is fighting as Finny. Gene himself is acutely aware of his increasing identification with his friend, especially when Finny insists that if he, Finny, cannot play sports, then Gene must play them for him. At this moment, Gene understands that he is losing himself and becoming a part of Finny. One might understand the joy that Gene consequently feels as stemming from a deep desire: he may dislike himself so much by now that his dearest wish is to abandon this self altogether.
In these chapters, the war takes on an increased significance in the novel, having lurked in the background thus far. As the title of A Separate Peace suggests, World War II plays a central role in the fabric of the story-yet it does so without ever directly affecting the lives of the characters. None of the boys goes into battle and none except for Leper even joins the army until after graduation. A Separate Peace is a war novel without tanks, guns, or bullets; it is the shadow of war and the knowledge of its approach that affects the characters. Gene, in his unwillingness to play sports, sees the violence of football as mirroring battlefield violence, and he imagines tennis balls turning into bullets. Indeed, his narrative betrays a sudden obsession with war and its images: he compares the snow to an advancing army and thinks of the flakes' slow accumulation as paralleling the almost undetectable yet steady encroachment of the war on the peacefulness of life at Devon.
Ultimately, the war has only an indirect and insidious effect on the students at Devon. It causes a tense feeling of unsettlement among the boys, disrupting their former lives yet never fully releasing them onto the new horizons at which it hints. The boys know that they will have to join the fighting eventually, but, still young students, all they can do is wait. They stand shoveling snow off train tracks while real soldiers ride on the trains to their assignments. The world is at war, but the Devon boys still exist amid a "separate" illusory peace. Only Leper, eccentric and gentle, seems untouched by the peculiarity of their situation and simply continues with his hobbies of skiing and nature-watching. Leper, in a way, is still in the summer session-still innocent, not yet fallen from grace. But the rest of the boys have moved on psychologically. Thus, Brinker's desire simply to enlist, to put a stop to the gray and fruitless waiting period, seems perfectly understandable, as does Gene's decision to join him. When Gene eventually abandons his plans to enlist, he does so based upon his relationship with Finny-not because he has ceased to hate the gloom of waiting or the feeling of uselessness.
