-Warriors

-judges

-merchants

-government officials

Life at the court of Caliph al-Rashid was marked by opulence and intrigue. The caliph's court was a vibrant center of culture, filled with poets, musicians, and scholars. However, it was also a place of political maneuvering and power struggles. The caliph's harem was a symbol of his wealth and authority, while his viziers and advisors worked tirelessly to maintain his rule. Overall, life at the court was a delicate balance between luxury and danger.

To rule according to the teachings of Islam. Being just, kind and caring to all the people living under them.

Guided rockets work by going where you click. First click once to fire. Then hold your mouse over your desired target and hold the button down over it.

Trade flourished under the Abbasids at first because they moved the capital of the Muslim empire to the newly created city of Baghdad in central Iraq in 762. The city was located on key trade routes that gave the caliph access to trade gold, good, and information about.

They united various Muslim factions, and encouraged Umayyad loyalists to come to Spain. ... They created a strong, unified Muslim kingdom with Cordoba as its capital.What was the basis for Cordoba's greatness under the Umayyads?

Rise through the ottomans and and Made by Eal

More easy to govern.

The Umayyads moved their capital from Mecca to Damascus since they had previously been the governors of Syria. The city of Damascus was much more loyal to them than Mecca and a city with which they were intimately familiar.

Safavids were Shiite, and Ottomans were Sunni.

The roaad system was fairly safe and enhanced with rest stops.

shiism in the 10th/16th and 11th/17th century

in this period,ismail who was of the household of shaykh safi al-Din Ardaili(d.735/1334)a Sufi master and also a siite,begn a revolt in Ardabil,with three hundred Sufis who were disciples of his forefathers,with the aim of establishing an independent and powerful Shiite country. in this way,he begn the conquest of the Persia and overcme the local feudal princess.after the series of the bloody wars with ocal rulers and also the Ottomans who held the title of the caliph,he succeeded in forming Persia piece by piece into a country nd in making the shism the official religion in his kingdom.after the death of the Shah Ismail ,other Safavid kings reigned in Persia until the 12th/18th century and each continued to recognize shism as the official religion of the country and further to strengthen its hold upon this land.at the height of their power,during the reign of Shah Abbas,the Safavids were able to increase the territorial expansion and the population of Persia to twice its present size.as for other muslim lands.the Shiites popultions continued the same as before and increased only throough the natural growth of population

It gave Iran its language and religion.

Ismail I of the Safavids was a Twelver Shiite Muslim.

ismail who was of the household of shaykh safi al-Din Ardaili(d.735/1334)a Sufi master and also a siite,begn a revolt in Ardabil,with three hundred Sufis who were disciples of his forefathers,with the aim of establishing an independent and powerful Shiite country. in this way,he begn the conquest of the Persia and overcme the local feudal princess.after the series of the bloody wars with ocal rulers and also the Ottomans who held the title of the caliph,he succeeded in forming Persia piece by piece into a country nd in making the shism the official religion in his kingdom.after the death of the Shah Ismail ,other Safavid kings reigned in Persia until the 12th/18th century and each continued to recognize shism as the official religion of the country and further to strengthen its hold upon this land.at the height of their power,during the reign of Shah Abbas,the Safavids were able to increase the territorial expansion and the population of Persia to twice its present size.as for other muslim lands.the Shiites popultions continued the same as before and increased only throough the natural growth of population

Shah Ismail, the first founder of the Safavid Dynasty started his empire in his hometown of ARDABIL in Iranian Azerbaijan. He was able to unite all of Azerbaijan (both today's north Azerbaijan and today's Iranian Azerbaijan) before conquering the rest of Persia.

The Safavid and Ottoman dynasties were both of Turkish ethnicity. The Safavid empire extended from the Caucasia ( Armenia, Azeribijan, etc.) to India, Iraq, the Persian Gulf, and parts of central Asia and the Caspian Sea.The Ottoman empire, on the other hand, ruled the the rest of the Islamic empire (Middle East, Balkans, and North Africa).

The Ottoman empire was older and stronger than the young Safavid empire, but the Ottomans were alarmed as the Safavid strength and influence grew and felt their interest was threatened. Moreover, the Safavid followed Shia Islam, while the Ottoman people were followers of Sunni/Sufi Islam.

But the main reasons for the conflict are rather political than for sectarian religious factors as many try to force this idea of Sunni/Shia conflict.

As the Safavid empire grew, it pushed its territories as far as Iraq and eastern Turkey, carving for itself a considerable chunk of Ottoman territory. This was the point when the Ottomans felt in danger and waged war on their cousins the Safavid.

They did neither unify nor protect Spain.

The Umayyads did control the majority of Spain, all of the way up to Barcelona at the furthest extent. They achieved this through strength of arms (conquest). The leading general was Tariq ibn Ziyad, for whom Gibraltar is named. Under Umayyad control, about 80% of Spain was under Muslim control and the same armies that conquered the territory proceeded to defend its borders. However, they slowly lost territory so that by the time of the last Umayyad Caliph, only 50% of Spain was still in Muslim hands. Therefore, many former Umayyad regions were no longer "unified" or "protected".

The Kingdom of Ghana became powerful by taxing gold merchants who passed through its lands. In contrast, the Umayyad Empire extended its power through campaigns of conquest by Islamic armies.

It's because the Umayyads had Damascus as their capital and when the Abbasids took power they moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad. But since you're asking about the Umayyads, Damascus was different compared to other Western European cities. From Damascus, the Ummayyads could rule their entire empire. They could do this because they had emirs (which are basically govenors) who were appointed to different provinces throughout the empire (they were appointed by the caliphs) and the emirs with the help of local clan leaders in each province governed their appointed province. This really helped the Umayyads because they could rule all the way from Damascus. Everywhere you go has so many states. For example in the United States. And obviously their president is unable to govern all the states at once (aside from laws), so what do we have???

senators, mayors, police, judges-They all help. Think of the senator as the emir and the mayor, police officers, and judges as the clan leaders.

Similarly, this is how it was in Damascus.

Many leaders were crucial in the rise of the Safavid empire. Some include: King Cyrus the Great, King Xerxes, and King Darius the Great (from the time period 559 BCE to 930 BCE) who all left their marks on Persia, and shaped the way for Iran. Alexander the Great, who ruled until his death in 323BCE, was also a crucial leader for the middle east, including Persia.

for Shiaizing the Iranian people from Sunnism, Zoroastrianism, Christianism and other religions.

Yes.

Umayyad Caliph Ibrahim ruled for a few weeks at the end of the year 744 C.E. This is the shortest reign of any Caliph.

If you are referring to the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, Hassan ibn Ali ruled as Caliph for seven months in 661 C.E. before ceding power to Mu'awiya and conceding the end of the the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. Of the four dominant Rightly-Guided Caliphs, colleague Ibrahim El-Osery is correct that Abu Bakr ibn Quhafah reigned for the the shortest amount of time, 27 months from 632 C.E. to 634 C.E.

there were sunni and extremely anti shia and killed shia Imams.