thyroid

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n.

1. The thyroid gland.
2. The thyroid cartilage.
3. A dried, powdered preparation of the thyroid gland of certain domestic animals, used in treatment of hypothyroid conditions.
4. An artery, a vein, a nerve, or another part associated with the thyroid gland or thyroid cartilage.

[Greek thureoeidēs : thureos, oblong shield (from thurā, door) + -oeidēs, -oid.]

thyroid thy'roid' adj.
thyroidal thy·roi'dal adj.

(theye-royd)

A large gland in the neck that functions in the endocrine system. The thyroid secretes hormones that regulate growth and metabolism.

1. resembling a shield.
2. the thyroid gland (see below) secreting thyroid hormones (see below).
3. a pharmaceutical preparation of cleaned, dried, powdered thyroid gland, obtained from those domesticated animals used for food by humans.

• accessory t. — an additional thyroid located anywhere from the larynx to diaphragm, e.g. intrapericordial aorta; may be sufficient to supply the patient's need of thyroid hormone. Most common in dogs.
• t. C cell — see c cell.
• t. cartilage — the shield-shaped cartilage of the larynx.
• t. diverticulum — primordium of the thyroid gland; appears as an outgrowth of the foregut between the first two pharyngeal pouches. This tube of epithelial cells grows ventrally into mesenchyme; the tube becomes the thyroglossal duct, the tip divides into two lobes, the thyroid glands.
• t. dysfunction — see hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism.
• ectopic t. — migration of thyroid diverticulum tissue to aberrant sites occurs, e.g. thyroid tissue in the thymus. These cause no apparent abnormality.
• t. extract — a pharmaceutical substance derived from thyroid glands, used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. See thyroid (3) (above).
• t. function tests — used to assess the functional capacity of the thyroid glands; most commonly employed in dogs and cats. Include plasma T₄, plasma T₃, free T₄ radioiodine uptake, and TSH response tests.
• t. gland — the largest of the endocrine glands, situated in the neck caudal to the larynx. It produces hormones (see below) that are vital in maintaining normal growth and metabolism. It also serves as a storehouse for iodine.

  Microscopic appearance of the thyroid gland. By permission from Guyton R, Hall JE, Textbook of Medical Physiology, Saunders, 2000

• t. hormones — iodothyronines secreted by the thyroid gland, principally thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine, T₄) and tri-iodothyronine (T₃); derived from iodination of tyrosyl residues in thyroglobulin. The pharmaceutical names for T₄ and T₃ are levothyroxine and liothyronine, respectively. Regulate basal metabolic rate.
• t. parafollicular cell — see c cell.
• t. radioiodine uptake — used as a thyroid function test but superseded these days by estimates of T₄ (thyroxine).
• t.-stimulating hormone (TSH) — see thyrotropin.
• t. tumor — mostly follicular adenomas in old-aged dogs, cats and horses; papillary adenomas are rare.

Dansk (Danish)
n. - skjoldbrusk-

idioms:

• thyroid gland    skjoldbruskkirtel

Nederlands (Dutch)
schildklier

Français (French)
adj. - thyroïde
n. - thyroïde, glande thyroïde

idioms:

• thyroid gland    glande thyroïde

Deutsch (German)
n. - Schilddrüse
adj. - Schilddrüsen-

idioms:

• thyroid gland    Schilddrüse

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (ανατ.) θυρεοειδής (αδένας)
adj. - θυρεοειδής

idioms:

• thyroid gland    (ανατ.) θυρεοειδής αδένας

Italiano (Italian)
tiroide

Português (Portuguese)
n., -
adj. - tireóide

idioms:

• thyroid gland    glândula tireóide (f)

Русский (Russian)
щитовидная железа

idioms:

• thyroid gland    (мед.) щитовидная железа

Español (Spanish)
adj. - tiroideo
n. - tiroides, glándula tiroides

idioms:

• thyroid gland    glándula tiroides

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - sköldbrosk, sköldkörtel
adj. - sköld-, sköldkörtel-

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
甲状腺, 甲状腺剂, 甲状软骨

idioms:

• thyroid gland    甲状腺

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 甲狀腺, 甲狀腺劑, 甲狀軟骨

idioms:

• thyroid gland    甲狀腺

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 갑상선, 갑상선 동맥, 갑상선제

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 甲状腺

idioms:

• thyroid gland    甲状腺

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) ألخلاصه الدرقيه (صفه) درقي‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮בלוטת התריס‬

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Thyroid	Enzymatic Therapy Thyroid
Raw Thyroid	Atkins Accel Effectiveness As A Thyroid Stimulator