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Architecture
Art and science of structural design. Architectural responsibilities include both feasibility analysis and aesthetic considerations.
2,850 Questions
What was the most important principle of gothic arcitexture?
Gothic style is characterized by features that include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. High spires are often on top of Gothic buildings.
One centimeter is equivalent to 0.393 inches. When the number of inches in a cm is multiplied by 200 cm the answer is 78.6. Divide that by 12 and the answer is 6.56 feet.
More details:
Minarets (Turkish: minare, from Arabic manāra (lighthouse) منارة, usually مئذنة) are distinctive architectural features of Islamic mosques. Minarets are generally tall spires with onion-shaped crowns, usually either free standing or much taller than any surrounding support structure.
As well as providing a visual cue to a Muslim community, the call to prayer is traditionally given from the top of the minaret. In some of the oldest mosques, such as the Great Mosque of Damascus, minarets originally served as watchtowers illuminated by torches (hence the derivation of the word from the Arabic nur, meaning "light"). In more recent times, the main function of the minaret was to provide a vantage point from which the muezzin can call out the adhan, calling the faithful to prayer.
In most modern Mosques, the adhan is called not in the minaret, but in the musallah, or prayer hall, via a microphone and speaker system. However, the minaret remains as an architect symbol for the mosque.
In a practical sense, these are also used for natural air conditioning. As the sun heats the dome, air is drawn in through open windows and up and out of the shaft, thereby causing a natural ventilation.
Minarets have been described as the "gate from heaven and earth", and as the Arabic language letter alif (which is a straight vertical line).
The world's tallest minaret (at 210 meters) is located at the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca, Morocco. The world's tallest brick minaret is Qutub Minar located in Delhi, India. There are two 230 meter tall minarets under construction in Tehran, Iran.
Answer BA minaret is a tower that adjoins a mosque. The original purpose of a minaret was to allow a muezzin to call people to prayer in that neighborhood. Some minarets are still functional in that regard although, with the use of public address systems, loud speakers today are frequently attached to the minaret instead. Most mosques have only one minaret, many of which are placed in the direction of the qibla, which shows the direction in which Muslims pray (toward the city of Makkah). However, some mosques may have more than one minaret. Minarets are also somewhat like church steeples in that people can tell from a distance which building is the mosque.A minaret does not show anything. It is for azan to be heard by as many people as possible, in the early days when there was no microphones.
Materials like gold and copper can be bent; they are malleable or ductile.
Materials that are brittle and break easily are non-ductile. Conventional concrete is non-ductile (and breaks under stress of earthquakes)(or other tensile challenge).
Metal (steel) mesh or synthetic fibers are added to concrete to make it more ductile.
What is a sweeping staircases?
A "sweeping staircase" is generally wide and curving and so-to-speak sweeps down from the upper floor like the train of a wedding dress does.
Check the link below for pictures of examples.
for thin cylinder the thickness to diameter ratio should be less than 0.07
System analysis and design methodologies when building a hospital maintenance system?
Work System Analysis: The Key to Understanding Health Care Systems
Many articles in the medical literature state that medical errors are the result of systems problems, require systems analyses, and can only be addressed with systems solutions. Within that same body of literature is a growing recognition that human factors engineering methods and design principles are needed to reduce medical errors and, hence, increase patient safety. Work system analysis methods, which are based on industrial and human factors engineering tools, have much to contribute toward patient safety, specifically because of their focus on systems. They offer principles and methods for analyzing systems, which, if followed, should help health care administrators and clinicians properly analyze their units or facilities, and should lead to more robust patient safety interventions. In this paper, steps for executing a work system analysis are provided. To facilitate comprehension of the steps, the medication administration system is used as an example.
System analysis has much to contribute to patient safety, specifically through its study of organizational and work systems. In general, a system analysis yields an understanding of how a system works and how different elements in a system interact. This facilitates system design and system redesign, and aims to improve the interface between components of a system in order to enhance the functioning of each individual component in the overall system. Adopting a systems approach to error reduction requires a shift from blaming individuals for errors to analyzing systems to uncover design flaws, thus moving from addressing problems reactively (i.e., after problems occur) to proactively preventing accidents through system analysis and design.
Although many different methods have been used to conduct system analysis in industry, few methods have been widely used in health care. System analysis methodologies include, among others, the macroergonomic analysis and design (MEAD), 35, 36 fault tree analysis, 37, 38 failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), 39, 40 health care failure modes and effects analysis (HFMEA), 41 and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). 42, 43 Each of these methods uses similar principles to analyze and determine the weaknesses of the system and facilitate its redesign. In the remainder of this paper, the main steps that these methods share are identified and explained in detail.
Before presenting the main steps in a system analysis, an understanding of system terms must be developed. To facilitate reader comprehension of the terms and steps in the system analysis, the medication administration system will be used as an example throughout the remainder of the paper.
System element: A system element is anything that is part of a particular system. Elements can include people, technologies, policies, lighting, furniture, and jobs. In the case of the medication administration system, elements include the administering nurses, patients, medications, medication administration record (MAR), medication stock room, patient rooms, and identification bands.
System attribute: System attributes are the perceived characteristics of the system. The medication administration system attributes could include “error-free,” “time consuming,” “chaotic,” and “high quality.”
System boundary: System boundaries are zones between one system and another. These zones can be in time, space, process, or hierarchy.
Temporal boundary: A temporal boundary separates systems in time. For the medication administration system, a temporal boundary could be drawn between the first and second shift.
Spatial boundary: A spatial boundary separates systems in space. An example could be the medication administration system for one particular unit versus that of another unit.
Process boundary: A process boundary separates systems into adjacent component processes, also known as subprocesses. The medication use system contains component processes of ordering, transcribing, verifying, dispensing, administering, and documenting. An example of a process boundary might then be the boundary between the process of dispensing and delivering medications to the unit and the process of administering the medication.
Hierarchical boundary: A hierarchical boundary separates systems by their location in a hierarchy of systems. For example, the medication administration system exists within a larger system known as a unit. The unit exists within a larger system of a hospital. A hospital exists within a larger community health system.
System input: A system input is anything necessary to energize the system. For medication administration, inputs include nurses who administer drugs, drugs, MARs, physician orders, and pharmacy dispensing. These elements are inputs because they are necessary for medication administration to take place.
How did England influence the architecture in the US?
The architects of this time were influenced by Old World architecture, although it was simplified in America.
Albido is the rate at which heat is reflected back into the atmosphere. A high albido happens with light colours for example grass, whilst a low albido occurs with dark colours such as tarmac. Therefore high albido occurs in the countryside and low albido in the cities.
The weight of a building depends on the building. Some small ones weigh as much as a vehicle, and others outweigh thousands of cars. As you can imagine, there is a very broad range of weights for buildings.
What is a key plan for a residence building?
If this question is realted to locks, a key plan is the preliminary plan a locksmith develops to design the master key structure of a building. There may be individual room keys, keyed-alike locks for entry doors and related rooms, master keys for floors or building sections, maintenance keys for designated areas, and a single grand-master key that opens every lock in the building.
You're probably thinking about Tyvek. It's used as a wind-proof but moisture permeable barrier and it's needed for the insulation to work as well as possible.
