Biochemistry

Companies can use enzymes to break down the fruit's cell walls, releasing more juice. Enzymes like pectinase can break down pectin, a substance that can trap juice within the fruit cells. By adding enzymes during the juice extraction process, companies can increase the yield of juice extracted from the fruits.

At equilibrium, the reaction rate of the forward reaction and the reverse reaction are equal to one another. This means that the products of the forward reaction are being made at the same speed as the products of the reverse reaction.

High heat can denature enzymes, disrupting their structure and functional shape. This can render the enzymes inactive or reduce their efficiency in catalyzing biochemical reactions. Additionally, prolonged exposure to high heat can lead to irreversible damage to enzymes.

Yes, it's complex because it is a polysaccharide.

Vitamin K is needed to make clotting proteins. Without enough vitamin K, blood clotting becomes less effective. In infants, vitamin K deficiency leads to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, a bleeding disorder.

It is uncommon for adults to develop Vitamin K deficiency because it is found in many foods and is produced by bacteria in the intestines.

m2 means square meters - the area equivalent of a square that has a meter on each side. 1.7 square meters of course is 1.7 times this area.

For which pest?

Gel baits for ants & cochroach,

Bendio carb dusts for wasps

An insecticide with a insect growth regulator for any incomplete metamorphosis insects ie fleas, bed bugs, cockroaches,

Diatamaceous earth maybe more appropriate for others

Depends upon the insect and howv it presents itself. It maybe least toxic to dehumidify a damp environment, or simply clean up around a drain

etc. etc.

Aerobic cellular respiration involves four main processes: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. The citric acid cycle further breaks down pyruvate to generate ATP and NADH. Oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain use NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP, the cell's main energy source.

DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a commonly used cell culture medium that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for cell growth and proliferation. It helps maintain the pH and osmotic balance of the cell culture environment, supporting the growth of various cell types in vitro. DMEM can be supplemented with additional components such as fetal bovine serum, antibiotics, and growth factors to meet specific cell culture requirements.

Lipids are biomolecules whose function is least likely to be affected by the order of their single molecule units. Lipids, such as fats and oils, primarily serve as energy storage molecules or structural components of cell membranes, and their function is not significantly dependent on the specific arrangement of their building blocks in the same way that the function of proteins or nucleic acids might be influenced.

Vitamin B9, better known as Folic Acid is water soluble, meaning it dissolves in water. The body does not store B9. It is a factor in the following .... synthesizing DNA/RNA, aids cellular division and repair, to produce healthy red blood cells and enhances brain health.

Nickel is considered a non-renewable resource because it is a naturally occurring mineral that is finite in quantity on Earth. Once mined and extracted, nickel cannot be replenished within a human lifetime due to the slow geological processes involved in its formation. Therefore, it is important to use nickel efficiently and explore alternative sources to minimize depletion and environmental impact.

Glucose is broken down into acetyl-coenzyme A (glycolysis). In liver or adipose tissue acetyl-coA can form lipids. Insulin is one of the most important factors, it is released from pancreas after sugar intake and stimulates the formation of fat.

Butane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor:

2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O

If there is insufficient oxygen, combustion may be incomplete and some soot (carbon) or carbon monoxide may be produced.

Centrifugation is necessary to separate the plasma from the rest of the blood components. By centrifuging for 10 minutes, the heavier blood cells and clotting factors are pulled to the bottom of the tube, while the lighter plasma rises to the top. This separation is crucial for accurate testing of the prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) as it ensures a clear sample to work with.

The four elements found in all living things - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen - play essential roles in biological processes. Carbon serves as the backbone of organic molecules, hydrogen is a key component of water and organic compounds, oxygen is involved in cellular respiration and energy production, and nitrogen is required for building proteins and nucleic acids. Together, these elements contribute to the structure, function, and metabolism of living organisms.

Yes, L-lactate is a chiral molecule as it has a stereocenter at the carbon atom bound to the carboxyl group. It exists in two enantiomeric forms, L-lactate and D-lactate, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

The thin filament sites remain open to the binding and stroke of the thick filament and there would be no muscle relaxation without the reuptake of Ca 2+ so the thin filament sites are closed.

Sporulation allows certain organisms, like bacteria and fungi, to survive harsh environmental conditions by forming a resistant structure (spore) that can remain dormant until conditions become more favorable for growth and reproduction. This enables these organisms to withstand extreme temperatures, lack of nutrients, and other stressful conditions, increasing their chances of long-term survival.

Disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polysaccharides are all types of carbohydrates consisting of sugar molecules. Peptides, on the other hand, are composed of amino acids and are not related to the other three terms in this context.

Dark chocolate generally contains the highest levels of theobromine compared to milk chocolate and white chocolate. The higher the chocolate percentage, the more theobromine it typically contains.

Yes. When substances are lipophilic (hydrophobic), they are usually much more easily retained in fat in the body, reducing its elimination rate. This allows for such substances (such as lipophilic vitamins) to accumulate in the body to toxic levels.

The vmax of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is the maximum velocity at which the enzyme can catalyze the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in a given concentration of substrate. This value represents the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction at saturated substrate concentrations.