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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
How many bases make up the code for one amino acid?
There are 3 nitrogen bases equalling one amino acid and they are called codons. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and in turn protein in science is one of the building blocks of life. The protein molecule has the chromosome strands. On each strand of the chromosome there are shapes in groups of 3 which is the RNA or the Ribonucleic Acid. Where the chromosomes are located, the strands have messengers that travel outside to the ribosomes to be decoded or decyphered. Once the RNA has been decoded by the ribosomes the amino acid is formed. The chronological order of the amino acid being decyphered determines the type of protein. Protein is essential for human growth as it helps with the repair of our muscles amoungst many of it's uses.
The catabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions through which foodstuffs are oxidized to yield energy in the form of ATP; they common catabolic pathway consists of (1) the citric acid cycle, and (2) oxidative phophorylation.
Taken from Introduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry 9th edition
Which part of an animal cell lets food water and oxygen pass in and out?
The cell membrane, which is a structure surrounding the cell, controls the passage of nutrients, water, and oxygen in and out of the cell. It acts as a selective barrier, allowing specific molecules to pass through via processes like diffusion or active transport.
Currently, there is no known way to alter the molecular structure of a human to make them completely resistant to gamma rays and other radiation. Existing protective gear such as lead shielding can help reduce exposure, but complete immunity to radiation is not achievable at this time. Outer space exploration involves various risks, including radiation exposure, which must be managed with careful planning and precautionary measures.
What Cells are part of the Cell cycle but not a part of mitosis?
Sex cells, or germ cells; in females the eggs, and in males the sperm. They go through meiosis, and unlike in mitosis are only haploid, so they only have one copy of the genetic material, so that when they meet with another germ cell, they form a diploid zygote.
The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that?
The Calvin cycle is a series of reaction that regenerates its starting material after molecules enter and leave the cycle. It builds carbohydrates (specifically, the sugar glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) from smaller molecules and consumes energy. To do this, the Calvin cycle uses ATP as an energy source and consumes NADPH as reducing power.
What percentage of the ca remains unprecipitated?
= What percentage of Ca^2+ remains unprecipitated? = A 75.0 mL sample of 1.48×10^−2M Na2SO4(aq) is added to 75.0 mL of 1.22×10^−2M Ca(NO3)2(aq)
what percentage of Ca^2+ remains unprecipitated??
What are essential molecules of DNA?
The essential molecules of DNA are nucleotides, which are made up of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). These nucleotides are arranged in a specific sequence to form the double helix structure of DNA, which carries genetic information in living organisms.
Review the major events that occur during cellular respiration?
light reaction:
-NADP+
-ADP
-phosphate
-water
dark reaction:
-enzymes like Rubisco, phosphoglycerate kinase, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, Triose phosphate isomerase, Aldolase and Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase etc
-Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) a 5 carbon suger which must be recycled
-CO2
-materials made in light reactions like NADPH and ATP
And of course chloroplast
Source(s):Read more: What_are_the_raw_materials_of_light_dark_reaction
Which biochemical cycle aids plants through bacterial nodules in soil?
The nitrogen cycle helps plants by establishing a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in nodules on plant roots. These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use for growth, supporting plant health and productivity.
Color can be used for comparing similar solutions because it can highlight differences between similar data points effectively. However, using color to compare different solutions may lead to confusion as it can create false associations or imply relationships that do not exist, especially if the solutions are unrelated. It is better to use other visual elements such as labels or shapes to compare different solutions accurately.
Function of Golgi apparatus and lysosome?
There may be two possibilities of a lysosome(in function) after it releases from the golgi apparatus as primary lysosome,
- It can fuse with the food vacuole to form secondary lysosome and then digest it.
- second it may fuse with damaged organelle to form secondary lysosome and then it digests it.
How should scientists respond to the Intelligent Design movement?
Intelligent design is not creationism or other religious hogwash. It has much scientific evidence. Scientists need to see Intelligent Design as another theory, another viable explanation for how the earth came into being and influenced how it is today. They should support their fellow scientists working on Intelligent Design.
Answer
Scientists are well-studied, well-knowledged researchers. They study biology and chemistry and geology and physics. Science has advanced people through medical and technological and agricultural revolutions.
On the other hand, Intelligent Design is not a theory (that can be used to advance humanity like science's theories), but a political movement (which some emphasis on trying to get itself taught in classes in public schools).
Not being a theory, and a political movement actually gets in the way of science (particularly when it tries to displace parts of science on school curricula).
Intelligent Design is in fact creationism 'in disguise'. Some extreme fundamentalists have even been reported as convincing cancer patients to rather use 'faith healing' rather than their anticancer medicines. This is very dangerous of course.
In the case of the world of faiths, whether 'real' creationism, Intelligent Design or other, there is always a foggy area as to where things can go, it just depends on opinion and faith.
In the case of science, the theories are as hard and fast as they can be and as correct as they can be at present. And look at how much progress we have made just by science.
Intelligent Design at its best is simply a philosophical device that serves the same purpose as creationism. But it doesn't advance the world scientifically at all, since it lives in the realm of faith.
Science has most of the answers that Intelligent Design and creationism try to answer, and has good guesses as to what the remaining answers to the mysteries of the Universe might be. Since ID and creationism have failed to provide anything scientific or useful so far, most scientists would have nothing to say about it.
There is a problem about ID trying to undermine science education by insinuating itself onto school curricula (it does this politically). And some of its relatives (the fundamentalism mentioned earlier) present problems when they encourage faith as an absolute all-time replacement for important medications.
Scientists, and the public, should of course confront these problems.
As I had stated earlier Intelligent Design is notcreationism. I believe you are confusing hard core facts with religion. Many scientists working with Intelligent Design have furthered research for mankind, and have made discoveries beneficial to health, astronomy, biology, and other spheres.
These extreme fundamentalists that try to convince people to reject modern medicine in favor of supernatural healing sound like preachers, or charismatic Christians I highly doubt any scientist would do something so absurd. If you respond to my argument, I would highly appreciate it if you would send me the article in which this was recorded.
Scientific theories are always up for examination. As technology develops so does our knowledge of the world around us. Columbus is an excellent example. Before he returned from his journey to the New World, it was a scientific fact that the world was flat. It was accepted in all scientific circles and was common knowledge for everyday people. Later, when Columbus returned, that fact was placed under scrutiny and finally discarded in favor of a new theory.
You stated that science has answers to some questions that Intelligent Design cannot answer, but you fail to recognize that it is the same for evolution. The question of how the earth and life was created is the greatest mystery of all time, and people will argue over it until the end of time. I personally cannot accept the theory of evolution because it seems to be a political issue, like your views of Intelligent Design, and the evidence in its favor seem weak. I would suggest looking at the Cambrian Explosion, which, I believe, is the biggest hole in the evolution theory.
America was founded freedom. The first Article of the Constitution states the right of freedom of thought and freedom of speech. I believe that both the theories of Intelligent Design and evolution should be offered to the masses for them to decide. The arguments above prove the fact that there are two very different views with two very different supporters, but that is not a bad thing. In school, you are taught to analyze facts presented to you and form your own opinions, but how are you supposed to do that if only one side of the argument is presented?
Where in the zygote cells are the instructions required for histogenesis stored?
The instructions required for histogenesis are stored within the DNA molecules in the nucleus of zygote cells. These instructions are contained in specific genes that regulate the differentiation and development of cells into different tissues and organs during embryonic development.
The deep yellow vegetables contain a substance called.?
The deep yellow vegetables contain a substance called carotenoids, which are antioxidants that give them their rich color. Carotenoids like beta-carotene have been linked to various health benefits, such as promoting healthy vision and immune function. Including a variety of deep yellow vegetables in your diet can help you meet your daily antioxidant needs.
What is the Michaelis constant?
The Michaelis constant (Km) is a parameter that characterizes the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate. It represents the substrate concentration at which an enzyme works at half of its maximum velocity. A lower Km value indicates higher affinity between the enzyme and substrate.
How does tRNA help protein synthesis?
Transfer RNA or tRNA is a small molecule with a low molecular weight that contains about 70 to 80 nucleotides and with a secondary structure consisting of a clover leaf configuration that is folded to yield an L-shaped tertiary structure. tRNA molecule carries an amino acid and tranfers it to the ribosomes for incorporation into a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis (the translation process). tRNA is responsible to bind to the codon in messenger RNA by way of complimentary anticodon that is present in the tRNA. Sequences of codon and anticodon consist in three complimentary nucleotides to each other.
How is the active site of an enzyme maintained?
The active site of an enzyme is maintained through specific interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces, between the enzyme and its substrate. The enzyme's structure is important in maintaining the shape and orientation of the active site for optimal substrate binding. Additionally, the active site can undergo conformational changes to accommodate the substrate and facilitate catalysis.
Lactase amylase cellulase are what type of molecules?
Lactase, amylase, and cellulase are enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. Each of these enzymes plays a specific role in breaking down lactose, starch, and cellulose, respectively.
What reaction does the enzyme peroxidase catalyze?
Peroxidase is a group of enymes that are found in human cells that increases the amount of oxidation produced. Oxidation is actually quite bad for the human body because it produces free radicals when produced. These free radicals cause diseases in the body like heart disease. However, oxidation is also helpful to the body. In such cases as your liver, oxidation helps to remove the alcohol from your body at about one ounce per hour. Without oxidation, you liver could ended up being bloated with alcohol and cause severe damage that may even be fatal. Peroxidase enzymes are a large family of enzymes that typically catalyze a reaction of the form: ROOR' + electron donor (2 e−) + 2H+ → ROH + R'OH.
Some are used as electron donors or treatment of waste waters. Though the exact mechanism is unknown, they are known to increase a plant's defenses against pathogens. They have other uses as well.
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that generates energy by breaking down acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It produces high-energy molecules (e.g., NADH, FADH2) used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP, the cell's main energy source. It also produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
Proteins are made by ribosomes in the cells of living organisms through a process called protein synthesis. This process involves the translation of genetic information stored in DNA into a sequence of amino acids, which are then folded into the specific three-dimensional structure of a protein.
Difference between organic and inorganic substances?
In general organic compounds / substances / materials contain carbon atoms bonded with other atoms and/or those related to life. It is the chemistry of carbon containing compounds.
Inorganic is everything else and generally do not contain carbon (with some exceptions).
