Europe

The main way was by the silk road. Italy is located and the end of the silk road. most of the great humanists are from there and since they were at the end of the silk road, philosophers that came up and down the silk road heard the idea and spread it around, also developing the idea into a far greater one.

The country is Italy. It is surrounded by several seas, which are the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Ionian Sea, the Adriatic Sea and the Ligurian Sea. They are part of the Mediterranean Sea, which is the answer you would be looking for.

Although your total travel time may, on occasion, add up to 14 hours with layovers and transfers, the actual flight across the Atlantic ocean from virtually any point in the Eastern U.S. to Paris is only about six hours--give or take a half an hour or so.

The Balkan states are those countries on the Balkan Penisula, which is located in South-East Europe and includes Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macdeonia, Romania, and part of Turkey.

No, Tajikistan is located in Central Asia.

Land

Shetland is the European capital located on thirteen islands.

it started the Industrial Revolution.

Austria.

But the list should also include Liechtenstein, that borders on Austria as well.

Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta is the only Asian capital in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Americas are about 4.5 times the size of Europe. If you mean America as in the US, then Europe is about 1.02 times the size of the US.

To the west of Spencer Gulf is the Eyre Peninsula and to the east is the Yorke Peninsula.

Becoming a member of the EU involves the adoption of the Copenhagen criteria. The criteria demands the inclusion of a free market economy, a stable democracy, and the acceptance of all the EU legislation including adoption of the Euro as currency.

The potato from the New world allowed most of Europe—a 2,000-mile band between Ireland and the Ukraine—to feed itself. Also other foods: Tobacco, corn, squash, beans, turkeys, llamas, peanuts, pumpkins and peppers.

We usually describe this in purely economic terms, but it is also biological. Researchers increasingly think that the most important cargo on these early transoceanic voyages was not silk and tons of silver but plants and animals, many of them accidental stowaways.

But those homebound ships contained something else of equal importance: the Amazonian plant known today as tobacco.

Before Columbus, the parasites that cause malaria were rampant in Eurasia and Africa but unknown in the Americas. Transported in the bodies of sailors, malaria may have crossed the ocean as early as Columbus's second voyage. Yellow fever, malaria's frequent companion, soon followed.

The diseases of the Columbian Exchange made the enslaved worker "preferable at anything up to three times the price of the European servant."

Hunger was then a familiar presence in Europe. France had 40 nationwide food calamities between 1500 and 1800, more than one every decade, according to the French historian Braudel. England had still more. The continent simply could not sustain itself.

The potato from the New world allowed most of Europe—a 2,000-mile band between Ireland and the Ukraine—to feed itself.

But worse for the New World was the loss of 90 percent of the native population due to diseases that they never had seen before.
There had been about 80 million and only around 720,000 were left.
From the Old World to the New: The deadly smallpox, malaria, yellow fever, gonorrhea, chlamydia, common cold, measles, influenza, chickenpox, cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens,
slaves from Africa, barley, wheat, rye, sugar cane, coffee, dandelions and ragweed.

From the New World to the Old: Tobacco, syphilis, corn, squash, beans, most importantly potatoes, turkeys, llamas, peanuts, pumpkins and peppers.

Monaco is much bigger,

Monaco 2,02 sq km of surface (Monaco consists two towns, Monaco and Monte Carlo with suburbs )

Vatican 0,44 sq km (It's just few streets within the Rome)0,44 sq km

Spain and Portugal share the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is mainly in the western part of the Peninsula. Portugal is bordered to the north and east by Spain and to the south and west by the Atlantic Ocean. Also located on the Iberian Peninsula are the Principality of Andorra, the British colony of Gibraltar, and a small part of France.

Situated in SE Europe, Romania is a developing country and a place of interest for many foreigners. In 2007, Romania was accepted as a full EU member state. Romania has made steady economic progress in the past 20 years, after the fall of the communist regime. However, Romania still has to fight against a high level of corruption. Before the World War 2 (WW2) Romania was a wealthy European state, whose economy was mainly based on agriculture. The economic and political situation have changed dramatically after the communists took over power and its new leaders sympathized with the Russian regime at the end of WW2. Nowadays, Romania is working hard to regain its position among the leading European nations. Romania's population totals nearly 22 million people. The official language is Romanian, which is the only Latinlanguage spoken in SE Europe.

A picture of the European Union flag is located in the link below.

Today's borders may not correspond to the ancient regions... so there are some differences. But in general, Greece is very old... former world-ruler-nation. Macedonia has an old and very known name, too. The "region" Italy is even mentioned in the Bible. And the old Romans called the "region" of today's Spain Hispania... but it belonged de facto to the roman empire. It might also be confusing that the English language calls the population of Germany Germans... there were a lot of German tribes in ancient times... but this does not (always) directly correspond to Germany. Germany is one of those countries which were formed relatively late... leading to territorial clashes in the last century, because other big-player-nations already occupied a lot of colonies around the world.

To give an average idea, Greece and the Roman Empire existed already in the years B.C. But these regions are only the roots of today's nations. Other European countries grew up later, sometimes in form of regional unions.

That's as a whole correct. But I admit it's somewhat abstract, too. Look at a map of Europe... most of the big nations have very old roots.

The age Of faith

Paris is not is northern Europe it is in Asia.

Jose Rizal's first trip abroad was to Spain by boat. In Manila, he boarded the Salvadora to Singapore. In Singapore, he took another boat, Djemnah, to continue his trip to Spain. The boat went to Punta de Gales, Colombo, through the Suez Canal to Aden, Port Said, City of Naples, then Marseilles. From Marseilles, Rizal took a train to Barcelona.

The Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (Heidelberg University, Ruperto Carola) is a publicresearch university located in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386, it is the oldest university in Germany and was the third university established in the Holy Roman Empire.