0
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the use of tools, machines and labor to produce goods for sale or use. It may refer to various human activities ranging from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production where raw materials are transformed into finished goods.
8,256 Questions
Difference between quality inspection and quality control?
Usually there is no difference. But both terms have slightly different meaning in different circles. Inspection means checking the characteristics of a product to ensure that conformity to a set of specifications is met. Sometimes it means checking 100% of a batch of product; sometimes it means checking only some samples (in that latter case, it is exactly the same as "statistical quality control". Quality control usually means only checking the conformity of products already made. It comprises inspection and other tests such as labtests. Some people use quality control to designate some more upstream activities that aim at preventing quality issues (usually these activities are called "quality assurance"). For an idea of a standard inspection procedure, see http://www.sofeast.com/PSI_procedure_17feb09.pdf.
What are the Paper production process steps?
I had to do a research project on this and found it extremely difficult. There are different ways of making paper here is what i did.
Step 1: Getting the trees from the forest
Step 2: Debarking, Chipping and/or Recycling Logs are passed through a debarker, where the bark is removed, and through chippers, where spinning blades cut the wood into 1" pieces. Those wood chips are then pressure-cooked with a mixture of water and chemicals in a digester.
Step 3: Pulp Preparation The pulp is washed, refined, cleaned and sometimes bleached, then turned to slush in the beater. Colour dyes, coatings and other additives are mixed in, and the pulp slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen.
Step 4: Paper Formation
As the pulp travels down the screen, water is drained away and recycled. The resulting crude paper sheet, or web, is squeezed between large rollers to remove most of the remaining water and ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The semi-dry web is then run through heated dryer rollers to remove the remaining water.
Step 5: Paper Finishing
The finished paper is then wound into large rolls, which can be 30 feet wide and weigh close to 25 tons. A slitter cuts the paper into smaller, more manageable rolls, and the paper is ready for use.
Mechanical Pulp
Step by Step Process
1) Logs are immersed in water
2) The logs then have their barks removed.
3) The wood is then ground down to from a pulp
4) Pieces of 1-2mm carry on to be produced, anything larger goes through the process again.
5) The pulp is then bleached.
Chemical Pulp
Also a way of producing paper and board, the less efficient of the two as many chemicals are used to break down the lignin in the wood fibres. This method is used for materials that need to be stronger. The machine used is called a digester a large container where all the breaking down of the fibres happens. It enters the top of the digester and comes out the bottom of the digester after 6 hours as pulp.
Step by step process.
1) Logs (hardwood & softwood) have their barks removed.
2) Logs are cut into 20mm chips (along the grain)
3) Chips are pounded into fragments (and screened)
4) Pulp is treated with acid or alkaline (bleach)
5) All of this is done in the digester
6) Lignin is dissolved away
7) Fibres are filtered out then washed.
Waste Pulp
The recycling of paper.
Step by step process.
1) Recycled paper is ground down into a pulp
2) All the metal bits are filtered out.
3) The ink is removed.
4) Waste pulp can be mixed with virgin fibres (i.e. from MP/CP processes) this improves quality
5) Processed with bonding agents/pigments/bleach
6) A sizing agent may be added to improve water resistance/prevent ink from bleeding.
A:The wood is turned into pulp, which is then treated with chemicals that effectively break up all the cellulose, leaving only the fiber strings.The fiber is then used to make paper pulp. Colors and other additives are added as needed, and the paper is created.
Steps to developing a flexible budget?
A traditional budget is often referred to as a "static budget." A static budget is not designed to change with changes in activity level. Once sales and expenses are estimated, they become the relevant benchmarks.
A flexible budget is an alternative that has some compelling advantages. It relates anticipated expenses to observed revenue. To illustrate, if a business greatly exceeded the sales goal, it is reasonable to expect costs to also exceed planned levels. After all, some items like cost of sales, sales commissions, and shipping costs are directly related to volume. How ridiculous would it be to fault the manager of the business for having cost overruns? Conversely,
failing to meet sales goals should be accompanied by a reduction in variable costs. Certainly it would make no sense to congratulate a manager for holding costs down in this case! A flexible budget
is one that reflects expected costs as a function of business volume; when sales rise so do certain budgeted costs, and vice versa.
The flexible budget responds to changes in activity, and may provide a better tool for performance evaluation. It is driven by the expected cost behavior. Fixed factory overhead is the same no matter the activity level, and variable costs are a direct function of observed activity. When performance evaluation is based on a static budget, there is little incentive to drive sales and production above anticipated levels because increases in volume tend to produce more costs and unfavorable variances. The flexible budget-based performance evaluation provides a remedy for this phenomenon.
What is simulation of plant layout?
Plannig the arrangement of plant equipment and people to create the most efficient layout that will produce products of appropriate quality at the l;owest unit costs
What is a manufacturer sales representative?
manufacturers' representatives (rep), also known as sales agent, is an individual, sales agency or company that sells a manufacturer's products to wholesale and retailcustomers.[1]
When a manufacturer hires a manufacturers rep firm, this usually means that a contract is signed between the two companies, which empower the rep to sell the manufacturer's products as an agent in a defined territory.[2][3] The products are usually ordered directly from the manufacturer, who then pays a sales commission to the manufacturers rep firm. The commission rate varies according to the market and the product type. It can be anything from 1% to 50%, although a more typical commission rate would be 10% to 25%.[citation needed]
An international manufacturers' representative is responsible for handling inventory, dealing with tariffs, and complying with government regulations.
What is the difference between butt weld and socket weld?
A butt weld is a weld made between two straight cut profiles , a socket , or plug weld is made between a surface and a hole.
It's more expensive than ordinary steel, but it's cheaper than titanium.
What is interchangeable parts?
It's a part that a vehicle has that will work on more than one type of vehicle.
Who are the highest paid factory workers?
i don't know about other factories, but i work at Lincoln electric in euclid Ohio and made (with bonus) $73,000 last year
Where does Mercedes manufacturing take place?
Manufacturing in Mercedes, Hidalgo County, TX
info found at
http://www.manufacturersnews.com/manufacturing.asp?state=TX&city=Mercedes
Cooper Tire Rubber Company most productive plant?
The Tupelo,MS. plant is the most productive and non-union so much more proftable 70% of north American profit from tupelo plant
How do you clean a room in 1 min?
Not unless it is a very small room.
But, if you do 1 minute each day, and have a tidy approach to life, then you probably could make a room presentable in 1 minute. that would make MORE then one minute!
Case studies relating to production and operation management?
yes, iw ant the case studies of releated production and operation managemnt please give the the guidline
How did the cotton gin machine changed the society?
It made cotton fabric inexpensive enough for the masses, because people didn't have to comb the seeds out of cotton lint by hand anymore.
