Pakistan

Following are the main objectives of Pakistan's Foreign Policy:

1. The Maintenance of Pakistan's Sovereignty

The sovereignty means the supreme power which is eternal, universal, indivisible, imperceptible and the most supreme in its existence.

The foreign policy is formulated by the head of the government and foreign minister of the country. In some countries, the legislature has considerable oversight as well. These policy makers, in Pakistan, have strove to maintain the sovereignty of Pakistan in the document of Foreign Policy excessively. The policy makers have preserved the sovereignty and independence of Pakistan in international milieu in connection with its economic, technological, industrial and also the its cosmopolitan civilization.

2. The Regional Integrity

The regional integrity is the objective of every country's foreign policy. Pakistan's foreign policy makers and decision makers have safeguarded the regional integrity of Pakistan as well. It discusses its concern over Afghanistan alternatively in different stances, but clearly calls it important for the existence of Pakistan, and being an Islamic country it shares a amicable stance with Afghanistan.

3. Energy Security

With almost concerning the neighbor Afghanistan, Pakistan has tried to secure her energy interests as well through the different treaties as ECO. Pakistan is involved with Central Asian and Middle Eastern countries for her energy interests. Saudi Arabia is the largest exporter of Petroleum to Pakistan.

4. (Continued)

Definition:

The study of the relationship among politics and geography, demography, and economics, especially with respect to the foreign policy of a nation.

Location:

In 1947, possessing a unique geographical location, Pakistan consisted two distant parts; the West Pakistan, in the Indus River basin and the East Pakistan (later on became Bangladesh in December 1971) located more than 1000 miles (1600 kilometers) away in the Ganges River delta. Separated from each other, these two wings had 1000km wide Indian territory between them. On the West, Pakistan borders with Afghanistan, whose one kilometer narrow Wahkhan strip kept the defunct Soviet Union away from Pakistani frontiers. To the North, she has the Peoples Republic of China. The oil rich heart of the Persian Gulf region-Iran, is in the northwest of Pakistan. In the South, the Arabian Sea, the northwestern extension of the strategically important Indian Ocean washes Pakistan's coastal shores. The vitality of Indian Ocean has remained unquestionable throughout the known history as it provides not only a commercial and trade link between Europe and the Far East but has also remained a key to the seven seas. The East Pakistan was separating the Pacific Ocean from the Indian Ocean and bordered Burma on the East (Mohammed Ahsen Chaudhri, 1993). Thus, looking from the strategic point of view, Pakistan was and is still at the crossroad of Central, South and Southwest Asia and is the easiest link between the oil-rich Persian Gulf and the East Asia. In short, Pakistan is situated in the region called 'fulcr..

Geo Strategic Importance ofPakistan

Geo strategic means the importance of a country or a region as by virtue of its geographical location. Geo political is defined as, stressing the influence of geographic factors on the state power, international conduct and advantages it derives from its location. Stephen Cohn describes this importance "While history has been unkind to Pakistan, its geography has been its greatest benefit. It has resource rich area in the north-west, people rich in the north-east." Pakistan is a junction of South Asia, West Asia and Central Asia, a way from resource efficient countries to resource deficient countries. The world is facing energy crisis and terrorism. Pakistan is a route for transportation, and a front line state against terrorism.

Geographical Importance:

Bridge between South Asia and South West Asia; Iran and Afghanistan are energy abundant while India and China are lacking of. China finds way to Indian ocean and Arabian Sea through Korakaram. China with its fastest economic growth rate of 9%; is developing its southern provinces because its own port is 4500 km away from Sinkiang but Gawader is 2500 km away. Pakistan offers to CARs the shortest route of 2600 km as compared to Iran (4500 km) or Turkey (5000 km). land locked Afganistan now at the phase of Reconstruction, finds its ways through Pakistan. Gawader port with its deep waters attracts the trade ships of China, CARs and South East Asian Countries.

ASEAN Economic Blocs: SAARC, ECO. Iran is struggling to export its surplus gas and oil to eastern countries. Qatar Pakistan and Turkmenistan Pipeline projects highlights the position. Pakistan would get 400 million dollar annually if IPI gets success. Mountain Ranges: Himalayas, Hindu Kush in the North are plentiful in providing water and natural resources.

Political importance: US interests in the regions to contain the Growing China, nuclear Iran, terrorist Afghanistan, and to benefit from the market of India. Security and Business are two main US interests in the region while Pakistan is playing a front line role against terrorism. Today the political scenario of the region is tinged with pre emption policy and US invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan, Iran's nuclear program, India's geopolitical muscles(new strategic deal with US) to gain the hegemony and to counter the 'The Rise of China' which has earned all the qualities to change unipolar world into Bipolar world. In all these issues, Pakistan is directly or indirectly involved, especially after Al Qaeda operations. The American think tanks have repeatedly accepted that war against terror could never be won without the help of Pakistan. Pakistan has rigorously fought, and ongoing military operation in Wazirstan is also targeting the suspected Taliban in the bordering area.

Main threats to Pakistan: Balochistan and Wazirstan conflicts are posing threats to any economic project like IPI gas pipeline. Negative role of India, US, Iran in this conflict ridden area. Kashmir is flash point, accelerating nuclear race in the South Asia. Instable governments in Pakistan have contributed in weakening the strong position.

Problems in Learning English for Pakistani StudentsEnglish is an international language and we (Pakistanis) have been learning it since the birth of Pakistan. We opened many institutions to learn English. We blame our education system. We blame our teachers. We pass metric and learn how to translate Urdu into English but we can't speak English in daily life. On asking we say that our teachers did not teach us how to speak English, we blame our teachers courageously and learn same English again in intermediate but can't speak English yet. On asking answer is the same. Who is at fault; Our teachers or students?

Our students are at fault. After passing a class we never try to read our books. Same case is after intermediate. I don't say that we should be a good English speaker. We become the student of B.A after spending 12 years in learning English. After 5th we start learning parts of speech and tenses and up to 12th we keep learning. But after getting the honor to be a student of B.A we can't define parts of speech except Noun, Pronoun,and Verb. In the seven years we bought many helping and grammar books to learn the same tenses which we are taught in schools. If our teachers don't teach us how to speak English then helping books are also unable to teach us English. The books which we are taught in especially (Punjab text book) or Oxford book I don't think that after studying them thoroughly we can't speak even broken English. But the problem that after passing a class our books become the part of either old book shop or shelves. If we ignore a human being for sometime, he becomes angry then what about these non living things. Another problem that we (Pakistanis) wait for readymade bread, we ourselves never try to do something so we buy helping books. After 12th we join institutes for language course but those who could not learn English and speak in 7 years, how can they learn and speak in 3 or 6 months. Spoken English environment, latest electronic teaching methods etc are just excuses. Thomas Edison was rejected by teachers but he did what he wanted to do and we blame our teachers.

Another thing that we have to take interest in English, because the thing in which we have no interest, how can we learn it. We take interest according to our desire, it means that it must be our desire to learn and speak English. I think Oxford Dictionary has more than 70% grammar structure in itself but only for those who are curious. There are many examples in our country (Pakistan) who wanted to learn English, they learned and spoke by only strong determination. Just by bringing about our determination we can learn and speak English. Now who is at fault our teachers or students? I leave it onto you.