Ancient Rome

It began as a series of independent city-states, followed by groups of city-states ruled by petty kings, then became part of the Assyrian Empire, followed by the Babylonian Empire, followed by the Persian Empire, followed by the Macedonian Empire etc etc.

The Romans produced great architecture and sculpture which influenced European architecture, sculpture and painting until the early 20th century. They influenced the art of the Renaissance (14th-15th century) Baroque (17th-18th century) and Neoclassicism (18th-20th century, and is still sometimes used today. Palladian architecture was also based on Roman architecture. It was popular from the 17th century to the 20th century and was often used for public buildings.

The Romans also produced the great Latin literature and poetry which was very influential in European literature until the mid-20th century.

Other great forms of Roman art were mosaics, frescoes, cameos, and silverware.

The Romans also had prominent stoic philosophers.

Discharged soldiers were settled in Carthage, Spain and Macedonia.

Dispossessed landowners flocked to the cities for employment, with Rome population heading towards a million.

The expanded empire could not be controlled and defended by armies from the small landowners, and it became necessary to recruit from the non-propertied.

Rome's population became dependent on grain imports from North Africa, Egypt and Sicily as Italy could not cope.

people had to pay more for they things because interrupt trading on the medditerrian sea

The number one difference between slavery in America and slavery in ancient Rome was its foundation. American slavery was based on race or skin color. Roman slavery was based on birth. The ancients had no sense of racism. (They did have prejudices against foreigners, but this was based on nationality, not race.) In America, few slaves were freed in comparison to their numbers, while in Rome hundreds of slaves were freed annually. The freed slaves in Rome, although owing a limited service to their former masters, were free to climb the social ladder and many of them did, becoming businessmen, craftsmen, or government officials. In America it was much more difficult, as race and lack of education worked against the freed slave. The ancient slaves always had the hope of freedom, either from their owners or by buying their freedom. An American slave did not have this advantage.

The emperors Nero and Caligula were both known for their extravagance. Caligula is said to have been mad and is noted for his wild parties and his abuse of authority. Nero, in addition to being a big spender, is remembered for killing his mother and his prosecution of the Christians.

Constantinople's location helped the Byzantine culture spread in many ways. Because Constantinople's location was near the Marmara Sea, they had a definite way of trading. Trading helps their culture spread, because they are able to make money, therefore they could spread their empire wider and further. Another way the Marmara Sea benefited them, was because it was a barrier from potential enemies. If you look on a map, Constantinople is located on that thin strip leading into Asia. In the Byzantine's favor, their thin border was easier to protect/guard, that is why they moved their capitol on the other side.

They designed it in a manner to portray the church as an image of the world with the dome of heaven suspended above it, from which the Holy Spirit descended during the liturgical ceremony.

The U. S. Senate is half of America's legislative branch of its government. The Roman republic was a type of government. In other words a senate is pat of a republic, not the republic itself.

The U. S. Senate is half of America's legislative branch of its government. The Roman republic was a type of government. In other words a senate is pat of a republic, not the republic itself.

The U. S. Senate is half of America's legislative branch of its government. The Roman republic was a type of government. In other words a senate is pat of a republic, not the republic itself.

The U. S. Senate is half of America's legislative branch of its government. The Roman republic was a type of government. In other words a senate is pat of a republic, not the republic itself.

The U. S. Senate is half of America's legislative branch of its government. The Roman republic was a type of government. In other words a senate is pat of a republic, not the republic itself.

The U. S. Senate is half of America's legislative branch of its government. The Roman republic was a type of government. In other words a senate is pat of a republic, not the republic itself.

The U. S. Senate is half of America's legislative branch of its government. The Roman republic was a type of government. In other words a senate is pat of a republic, not the republic itself.

The U. S. Senate is half of America's legislative branch of its government. The Roman republic was a type of government. In other words a senate is pat of a republic, not the republic itself.

The U. S. Senate is half of America's legislative branch of its government. The Roman republic was a type of government. In other words a senate is pat of a republic, not the republic itself.

The Etruscans did not change Rome from a village to a city. Rome was a city form the beginning. Moreover, the fashionable theory that the Etruscans conquered Rome is just that, a theory. it has been challenged,.

Rulers of Rome before Republic Romulus, who was killer of his own brother others are unknown until Tarquinus Superbus who was insain, and thorwn by wealthy people Republic consuls are unknown however most popular dictator was Cincinnatus who was dictator, and gave up right away. he made Facis, symbolizes the power of official Empire 1st Augustus, or Octavian Nero murderor Tradrian one of bloody game liker Hadrian built Hadrian Wall in Britan

You carry a Roman shield the same way as any other shield. You hold the handle at the back of the shield with your forearm or your hand. In combat, every man carried his shield on his left hand because they were always fighting in formation . On the march, the shield was encased in its cover and slung across its owner's back.

The key principles of Roman civil law were citizenship status and citizenship rights, equality under the law, the right to have a proper trial and to defend oneself, the right to appeal, that the burden of proof rests on the accuser and not on the accused, that it is the exact form of actions and not intentions or words which is punishable, that a law deemed unreasonable or unfair can be repealed, and that no Roman citizen should be tortured.

Ancient Greece did not have a unified state. It was divided into many states. There were many city-states and, in the later part of its history, a number of kingdoms. The responsibilities of citizens varied from state to state because each had different constitutional arrangements. Common citizen responsibilities were paying taxes, not breaking the law and serving in the army. Often only citizens with property served in the army and manual workers did not. This was because soldiers had to procure and pay for their armour and sword themselves. The income of manual workers was too low to afford this.

In Greek states which had a democracy the citizens also had the responsibility to make decisions for the state. These Greek states practiced direct democracy. This means that instead of electing representatives (such as congressmen, MPs or senators) to vote on laws and make decisions (indirect democracy), the citizens themselves made decisions regarding laws and state policies by voting in the people's assembly, which gathered all the citizens. Therefore, voting and making decisions was a responsibility as well as a right.

Until 107 BC, the responsibilities of Roman citizens included serving the army. The Roman army was a citizen militia of conscript peasant-proprietors who were drafted for the military campaigning season (March up to October) and then returned to their farms. Manual workers were exempt to the draft in Rome, too. In 107 BC the Roman army was reformed. Military recruitment was made voluntary, manual workers were allowed to join, the state was made to provide and pay for the soldiers' equipment, and soldiers were given a career of 16 years, after which they were given a grant of either a sizeable sum of money or a plot of land to farm. Serving in the army was no longer a responsibility of the citizens. The poor joined the army to receive a pay and for the grant the would receive on discharge.

Octavian/Augustus was the individual who was responsible for the start of the Pax Romana.

Octavian/Augustus was the individual who was responsible for the start of the Pax Romana.

Octavian/Augustus was the individual who was responsible for the start of the Pax Romana.

Octavian/Augustus was the individual who was responsible for the start of the Pax Romana.

Octavian/Augustus was the individual who was responsible for the start of the Pax Romana.

Octavian/Augustus was the individual who was responsible for the start of the Pax Romana.

Octavian/Augustus was the individual who was responsible for the start of the Pax Romana.

Octavian/Augustus was the individual who was responsible for the start of the Pax Romana.

Octavian/Augustus was the individual who was responsible for the start of the Pax Romana.

The people of ancient Rome were a mixture of Latins and Etruscans. You could loosely say that they were the ancestors of modern Italians.

It is highly likely that there were some Etruscans who lived in early Rome. This would not surprising as they were next door neighbours and Rome traded with them. However, the notion that there was a large Etruscan population or that Rome came under Etruscan domination for a period of time is a myth created by historians in the 60s and 70s devoid of any evidence and which is getting more and more discredited.

The Romans themselves saw themselves as originating from a fusion between Latins and Sabines which followed the abduction of the Sabine women. Legend has it that the Romans kidnapped some Sabine women to marry them to Romans as they were short of women. The Sabine king, Titus Tatius, then attacked Rome, but made peace, settled with his Sabines on the Quirinal Hill and the Viminal Hill and became co-king with Romulus for five years. Several patrician clans claimed Sabine origins. Rome is said to have had two Sabine kings (besides Titus Tatius).

The Romans cannot be said to be the ancestors of modern Italians as there were more than 20 Italic peoples in pre-Roman Italy and the Latins were only a small people. The Romans did, however, Latinise most of the Italics after they took over Italy.

The present day location of Britannia is Great Britain.

Rome was a large empire, and the problem with all empires is that they spread themselves out too much. The Roman Army had to protect land in Northern England all the way to the Middle East and Eygpt. So when the Celtics and the Huns attacked Roman land, the Roman Army could not provide enough security to its peoples in England, Germany, and Middle East.

And Rome was corrupt. Its senate was occupied by rich, corrupt politicians. Therefore, betrayal and corruption made the Roman government weak. Every politician was out for his own.

A weak government combined with foreign attacks lead to the fall of Rome. Rome had weak leaders that forgot what duty and honor meant, so a once mighty empire fell.

A "state" is technically an independent country. At the time that the colonies were declared states, the idea was that it would be 13 separate countries working together as a large conglomerate type country. The thinking behind this is what led to the civil war 100 years later...remember that the civil war was NOT about slavery in the beginning...that was merely a battle cry...it was originally about states rights as independent entities.

The compluvium was a hole in the roof over the atrium where the rain fell through, into the impluvium.

I did a history assessment on Slavery and i have just copied and pasted a little bit of it. I hope it will come in handy. :)

In Rome slavery affected many people. Mostly people that were captured during wars when the Romans took over their countries. Some slaves were also criminals. Others were children who had been left to die by their families. Parents also sold their children if they could not afford to feed them. Once the system of slavery had begun, large numbers of people were born into it.

All ancient and medieval cultures had slaves, though some had more slaves than others. Slaves were mostly owned by wealthy Romans who might have had between 400 and 500. Even the poor may have had one.

The people that benefited most from slavery where the people that actually owned them because they got cheap labour and all work was done for them by their slaves. As well as these people, the ones that sold the slaves at the markets for a lot of money made a very big profit for themselves.

If you were a slave you could be sold to somebody else, or forced to work without being paid. The law did not protect slaves so the master could work them as hard as he wanted. The slaves would have done many different jobs from cleaning the dishes to working underground in the mines, getting gold, silver, copper, iron or tin for the Roman Government. The Roman Government also owned many men who rowed ships as slaves. They were often chained to the oars.

Some slaves would have also worked in factories or craft shops. They might be weavers, or dyers or potters.

Whatever job they did, if they did not do it well enough they were severally punished, by being whipped, given iron burns or even death.

Slaves where set free for good service or if their master gave them permission. Slaves could also buy their freedom but this was a virtually impossible task, as they did not earn money.

They used the same baths but at different times. The women's hours were usually in the morning while the men had the afternoon.

The city of Rome has never been destroyed. It's ancient buildings were vandalized but many of them are still there. Medieval and modern Rome are still in the same place as ancient Rome.

The city of Rome has never been destroyed. It's ancient buildings were vandalized but many of them are still there. Medieval and modern Rome are still in the same place as ancient Rome.

The city of Rome has never been destroyed. It's ancient buildings were vandalized but many of them are still there. Medieval and modern Rome are still in the same place as ancient Rome.

The city of Rome has never been destroyed. It's ancient buildings were vandalized but many of them are still there. Medieval and modern Rome are still in the same place as ancient Rome.

The city of Rome has never been destroyed. It's ancient buildings were vandalized but many of them are still there. Medieval and modern Rome are still in the same place as ancient Rome.

The city of Rome has never been destroyed. It's ancient buildings were vandalized but many of them are still there. Medieval and modern Rome are still in the same place as ancient Rome.

The city of Rome has never been destroyed. It's ancient buildings were vandalized but many of them are still there. Medieval and modern Rome are still in the same place as ancient Rome.

The city of Rome has never been destroyed. It's ancient buildings were vandalized but many of them are still there. Medieval and modern Rome are still in the same place as ancient Rome.

The city of Rome has never been destroyed. It's ancient buildings were vandalized but many of them are still there. Medieval and modern Rome are still in the same place as ancient Rome.

It took eight years for the Colosseum to be built. However, after it was dedicated. both Titus and Domitian made some additions.

It took eight years for the Colosseum to be built. However, after it was dedicated. both Titus and Domitian made some additions.

It took eight years for the Colosseum to be built. However, after it was dedicated. both Titus and Domitian made some additions.

It took eight years for the Colosseum to be built. However, after it was dedicated. both Titus and Domitian made some additions.

It took eight years for the Colosseum to be built. However, after it was dedicated. both Titus and Domitian made some additions.

It took eight years for the Colosseum to be built. However, after it was dedicated. both Titus and Domitian made some additions.

It took eight years for the Colosseum to be built. However, after it was dedicated. both Titus and Domitian made some additions.

It took eight years for the Colosseum to be built. However, after it was dedicated. both Titus and Domitian made some additions.

It took eight years for the Colosseum to be built. However, after it was dedicated. both Titus and Domitian made some additions.