Anemia

The gene associated with sickle cell anemia is HBB, which is located in region 15.5 on the short arm of chromosome 11. There are many variations that can cause sickle cell, but primarily it is caused by the hemoglobin variant Hb S. According to the human genome project website: "the hydrophobic amino acid valine takes the place of hydrophilic glutamic acid at the sixth amino acid position of the HBB polypeptide chain. This substitution creates a hydrophobic spot on the outside of the protein structure that sticks to the hydrophobic region of an adjacent hemoglobin molecule's beta chain. This clumping together (polymerization) of Hb S molecules into rigid fibers causes the "sickling" of red blood cells." In a nutshell, when the hydrophobic (water fearing) amino replaces a hydrophilic one (water loving) on the protein chain, it creates a spot that sticks to another similar mutated gene, and they clump together, creating a sickle shaped cell. Looking at the location and incidence rates of sickle cell amenia, scientists believe that because malaria rates are high in the region, the body has created this defense against the disease -- an evolutionary self defense. Hope that helps :-)

No, sickle cell trait is a genetic condition that is inherited from one's parents and is not spread through kissing or any other form of casual contact. It is important to understand the genetic basis of sickle cell trait and discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider.

a child must inherit two copies of the defective gene in order to have a cystics fibrosis but when it come to sickle-cell anemia it is a disease passed down through families in which red blood cells from an abnormal sickle or crescent shape.Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body and are normally shaped like a disc so what causes sickle-cell anemia is the two copies that they get from both parents which gets passed down through families.

Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation on chromosome 11, specifically in the HBB gene that codes for the beta-globin protein. This mutation leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in the characteristic sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Pleiotropy describes the genetic effect of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits. The underlying mechanism is that the gene codes for a product that is for example used by various cells, or has a signalling function on various targets. A classic example of pleiotropy is the human disease PKU (phenylketonuria). This disease can cause mental retardation and reduced hair and skin pigmentation, and can be caused by any of a large number of mutations in a single gene that codes for an enzyme (phenylalanine hydroxylase) that converts the amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine, another amino acid. Depending on the mutation involved, this results in reduced or zero conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, and phenylalanine concentrations increase to toxic levels, causing damage at several locations in the body. PKU is totally benign if a diet free from phenylalanine is maintained.

Sickle cell anemia and some nerve and brain disorders are examples of inherited diseases. These inherited diseases pass from parent to child via chromosomal exchange.

If you carry the sickle cell gene, it doesn't really mean much as far as your own personal health goes. Except that you are less likely to get malaria. However, if you decide to have kids, and whoever you mate with also carries the sickle cell gene (not the full blown disease/gene) , your child has a chance of having sickle cell disease (full blown).

first of all its called vitamin b12 deficiency anemia. Pernicious anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia are the same thing. Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of vitamin B12. You're not able to absorb the vitamin B12 due to the absence of intrinsinc factor.

The sickle cell allele can have a point mutation where a single nucleotide is changed, resulting in the substitution of glutamic acid with valine in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin. This leads to the characteristic sickle-shaped red blood cells in individuals with sickle cell disease.

Anemia is a broad disorder that literally translates as 'no blood'. In medical practice, anemia is a condition in which there are insufficient normal red blood cells to provide oxygen to the body tissues.

Anemia can be caused by a wide variety of things: large volume blood loss, infection, cancer and toxins can all result in various types of anemia.

There are also genetic causes of anemia. Two commonly discussed genetic anemias are sickle cell anemia and hemophilia-related anemia. Sickle cell anemia developed in Africa, where malaria parasites are common. A heterozygous individual has about 15% abnormal red blood cells that are crescent-shaped and don't transport oxygen well. Hemophilia was traced to a point mutation in the English royal line in the Middle Ages, which then spread throughout Europe via marriage among the royal houses. Hemophilia actually results in blood that does not clot properly, which can result in anemia due to chronic blood loss through hemorrhages.

People with sickle cell disease are not immune to West Nile virus. However, they may be at a higher risk for severe complications if they do contract the virus due to their weakened immune system. It is important for individuals with sickle cell disease to take precautions to prevent mosquito bites and reduce their risk of being infected with West Nile virus.

Heterozygotes - those with sickle cell trait - show resistance to malaria. Therefore the survival rate of those with one sickle cell allele is higher than those with none - allowing for the trait to be passed on more frequently.

Sickle cell disease is a group of disorders that affects molecule in red blood cells (hemoglobin) that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. Person with this disorder have typical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape.

The higher frequency of the HbS allele in Africa is due to historical selective pressure from malaria. People with one copy of the HbS allele have increased resistance to malaria, providing a survival advantage in regions where the disease is prevalent. In the US, where malaria is not as common, there is less selective pressure for the allele to be maintained at high frequencies.

Thalassemia is a quantitative problem of too few globins synthesized, whereas sickle-cell anemia (a hemoglobinopathy) is a qualitative problem of synthesis of an incorrectly functioning globin. (wikipedia)

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder affecting individuals who inherit two copies of the abnormal hemoglobin gene from both parents. This primarily affects people of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian descent.

Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes for hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. This mutation results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped and less flexible.

Sickle cell anemia is a recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, located on chromosome 11. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning a person needs to inherit two abnormal copies of the gene (one from each parent) to have the disease. It is not an X-linked disorder or a multifactoial trait.

Iron-deficient anemia is a condition where there is a lack of iron in the body, leading to a decrease in the production of healthy red blood cells. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Treatment typically involves increasing iron intake through diet or supplements.

Pernicious anemia is due to a deficiency of a vitamin called intrinsic factor, which is normally produced by cells of the stomach. Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of vitamin B12, so if intrinsic factor levels are insufficient, vitamin B12 will not be absorbed well. So administration of vitamin B12 will only help treat vitamin B12-deficiency anemia if vitamin B12 can be absorbed, and this can only happen if there are adequate levels of intrinsic factor to begin with. Patients with pernicious anemia do not have adequate intrinsic factor levels, so they will not be helped by vitamin B12 treatment since they can't absorb it well enough.

Biochemical tests are used to determine the presence of specific molecules, such as proteins, enzymes, or metabolites, in a sample. These tests help to diagnose diseases, monitor treatment, and assess overall health status based on the chemical reactions happening in the body.

These symptoms could be indicative of various conditions, including dehydration, heat stroke, inner ear problems, or a neurological issue. The hard lump on the base of the skull could be a swollen lymph node or a cyst. It's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The treatment for low red blood count anemia, low platelets, and fever in dogs may involve addressing the underlying cause, such as infection or immune-mediated disease, with medications like antibiotics, immune-suppressants, or supportive care like blood transfusions. It is essential to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan for your dog's specific condition.

Some diseases are the result of adaptations to an environment. As it turns out, Sickle Cell Anemia is an adaptation to Malaria. If a person has a single copy of the Sicke Cell gene, he or she is protected against Malaria. If he or she has NO copies of the gene, he or she will die if exposed to Malaria. If he or she has two copies of the gene he or she will die from Sickle Cell Anemia. Malaria was fatal to pretty much everyone. The genetic mutation allowed about half of the population of the region to live. Today, we no longer have the threat from Malaria so now Sickle Cell Anemia becomes the problem.