Anemia

Anemia is a broad disorder that literally translates as 'no blood'. In medical practice, anemia is a condition in which there are insufficient normal red blood cells to provide oxygen to the body tissues.

Anemia can be caused by a wide variety of things: large volume blood loss, infection, cancer and toxins can all result in various types of anemia.

There are also genetic causes of anemia. Two commonly discussed genetic anemias are sickle cell anemia and hemophilia-related anemia. Sickle cell anemia developed in Africa, where malaria parasites are common. A heterozygous individual has about 15% abnormal red blood cells that are crescent-shaped and don't transport oxygen well. Hemophilia was traced to a point mutation in the English royal line in the Middle Ages, which then spread throughout Europe via marriage among the royal houses. Hemophilia actually results in blood that does not clot properly, which can result in anemia due to chronic blood loss through hemorrhages.

People with sickle cell disease are not immune to West Nile virus. However, they may be at a higher risk for severe complications if they do contract the virus due to their weakened immune system. It is important for individuals with sickle cell disease to take precautions to prevent mosquito bites and reduce their risk of being infected with West Nile virus.

Heterozygotes - those with sickle cell trait - show resistance to malaria. Therefore the survival rate of those with one sickle cell allele is higher than those with none - allowing for the trait to be passed on more frequently.

Sickle cell disease is a group of disorders that affects molecule in red blood cells (hemoglobin) that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. Person with this disorder have typical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape.

The higher frequency of the HbS allele in Africa is due to historical selective pressure from malaria. People with one copy of the HbS allele have increased resistance to malaria, providing a survival advantage in regions where the disease is prevalent. In the US, where malaria is not as common, there is less selective pressure for the allele to be maintained at high frequencies.

Thalassemia is a quantitative problem of too few globins synthesized, whereas sickle-cell anemia (a hemoglobinopathy) is a qualitative problem of synthesis of an incorrectly functioning globin. (wikipedia)

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder affecting individuals who inherit two copies of the abnormal hemoglobin gene from both parents. This primarily affects people of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian descent.

Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes for hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. This mutation results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped and less flexible.

Sickle cell anemia is a recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, located on chromosome 11. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning a person needs to inherit two abnormal copies of the gene (one from each parent) to have the disease. It is not an X-linked disorder or a multifactoial trait.

Iron-deficient anemia is a condition where there is a lack of iron in the body, leading to a decrease in the production of healthy red blood cells. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Treatment typically involves increasing iron intake through diet or supplements.

Pernicious anemia is due to a deficiency of a vitamin called intrinsic factor, which is normally produced by cells of the stomach. Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of vitamin B12, so if intrinsic factor levels are insufficient, vitamin B12 will not be absorbed well. So administration of vitamin B12 will only help treat vitamin B12-deficiency anemia if vitamin B12 can be absorbed, and this can only happen if there are adequate levels of intrinsic factor to begin with. Patients with pernicious anemia do not have adequate intrinsic factor levels, so they will not be helped by vitamin B12 treatment since they can't absorb it well enough.

Biochemical tests are used to determine the presence of specific molecules, such as proteins, enzymes, or metabolites, in a sample. These tests help to diagnose diseases, monitor treatment, and assess overall health status based on the chemical reactions happening in the body.

These symptoms could be indicative of various conditions, including dehydration, heat stroke, inner ear problems, or a neurological issue. The hard lump on the base of the skull could be a swollen lymph node or a cyst. It's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The treatment for low red blood count anemia, low platelets, and fever in dogs may involve addressing the underlying cause, such as infection or immune-mediated disease, with medications like antibiotics, immune-suppressants, or supportive care like blood transfusions. It is essential to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan for your dog's specific condition.

Some diseases are the result of adaptations to an environment. As it turns out, Sickle Cell Anemia is an adaptation to Malaria. If a person has a single copy of the Sicke Cell gene, he or she is protected against Malaria. If he or she has NO copies of the gene, he or she will die if exposed to Malaria. If he or she has two copies of the gene he or she will die from Sickle Cell Anemia. Malaria was fatal to pretty much everyone. The genetic mutation allowed about half of the population of the region to live. Today, we no longer have the threat from Malaria so now Sickle Cell Anemia becomes the problem.

Approximately 100,000 people die each year from complications of sickle cell disease, with most deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Early detection, proper management, and access to healthcare can help improve outcomes for individuals with sickle cell disease.

You have two types of anemia. One is microcytic hypochromic anemia due to Iron deficiency. That are small and less stained red blood cells. Another is macrocytic hypochromic anaemia due to cynocobalamin and folic acid deficiency. These are large sized and less stained red blood cells.

Anemia is a condition where there are not enough red blood cells to transport oxygen efficiently to the body's tissues. This lack of oxygen can lead to fatigue because the body's cells are not getting the energy they need to function properly. As a result, a person with anemia may feel tired and weak.

No you can not catch myelodysplastic anaemia from other people, as is the case for any type of anaemia.

Myelodysplatic syndromes are characterised by ineffective production of myeloid blood cells (any white blood cell, excluding lymphocytes). Anaemia is a very common side effect of this type of disease.

It is thought to be caused by exposure to environmental factors such as radiation. As it is caused by a defect in the production of blood cells, this can not be passed on from person to person.

There are quite a few causes for Hemolytic Anemia, they include:

. Deformity of the red blood cells - so they break down quicker.

. Drugs taken for another illness

. Caused from another blood disease.

. Or harmful substances.

Aplastic anemia is a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells. The term 'aplastic' means the marrow suffers from an aplasia that renders it unable to function properly. Anemia is the condition of having fewer red blood cells than normal, or fewer than needed to function properly. Typically, anemia refers to low red blood cell counts, but aplastic anemia patients have lower counts of all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. copied from wikipedia

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It is VERY important that your pet go to a vet experienced with this disease. There are various forms of treatment including drugs like prednisone or anti cancer drugs. Sometimes blood transfusions are necessary. This is a lfe threatening disease and veterinary care is essential in your pets health.

Foods good for anemia contains edible iron compound in a form that can be absorbed from the intestines. Two less known sources are: *.1. Greens (green leafy vegetables). Of this the maximum iron content is in the leaves of cauliflower (usually these leaves are thrown away for the goats; though it makes for delicious cooked vegetable.) *.2. Drumsticks - Other - Top Ten Iron-Rich Foods 1. clams, cooked, 2. tofu, 3. raisin bran, 4. sirloin steak 5. shrimp, 6. black beans, 7. chickpeas, 8. turkey breast 9. bread, whole wheat, 10. chicken breast, skinless, Note *.Iron from Spinach is not absorbed due to Oxalic acid. *.Liver contains rich vitamin A, which is not good for the fetus, hence pregnant mothers beware. *.Vitamin C aids absorption of Iron so drinking lemon juice or orange juice with iron rich food is beneficial.

The toilet is the lowest point, fluids seeks the lowest level, other sewage is coming up through your basement toilet. The system might be installed wrong or there is a blockage in some discharge pipes. Call a plumber, it can be really bad, when I was a kid we had our whole basement flooded with two feet of raw sewage after a big rain storm.