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Artificial Intelligence

In 1956, John McCarthy defined artificial intelligence as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines." Many people think of robots when AI is mentioned. However, it has many other practical applications. Artificial intelligence is used in medical, transportation, music, and several other fields.

525 Questions

Explain the Turing test to find out whether a machine is intelligent or not?

The Turing test is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour. In Turing's original illustrative example, a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with a human and a machine designed to generate performance indistinguishable from that of a human being. All participants are separated from one another. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. The test does not check the ability to give the correct answer; it checks how closely the answer resembles typical human answers. The conversation is limited to a text-only channel such as a computer keyboard and screen so that the result is not dependent on the machine's ability to render words into audio.[2]

The test was introduced by Alan Turing in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," which opens with the words: "I propose to consider the question, 'Can machines think?'" Since "thinking" is difficult to define, Turing chooses to "replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words."[3] Turing's new question is: "Are there imaginable digital computers which would do well in theimitation game?"[4] This question, Turing believed, is one that can actually be answered. In the remainder of the paper, he argued against all the major objections to the proposition that "machines can think".[5]

In the years since 1950, the test has proven to be both highly influential and widely criticized, and it is an essential concept in the philosophy of artificial intelligence.[1][6]

madhabsaikia@outlook.com

What is the purpose of customer intelligence?

The main purposes of customer intelligence are to build better customer relationships and understanding, as well as to improve strategic decision making.

Is artificial intelligence safe?

Extremely a Good question.

Since you have asked "IS" Artificial Intelligence safe ? Instead of "How" safe is Artificial Intelligence. I think the answer should be short as its only requires "YES or NO" answer.

I would say NO as the answer if and only if the machine/entity is given Final Decision over any decision making process.

I would refer to a very simple example ( extremely simple in terms )

Lets say we added AI to your Email Services where the AI system will decided which email is to be deleted from your Inbox ( not Trash ) after a time interval that sets the system to believe that the Email is no longer useful.

After 30 days of an Email being in your Inbox - the email is deleted but what if it was an Email of great importance to you ? Yes if and only if the final decision of "Deleting" was given to you when the system decided that it should be deleted - then the system would considered Safe but if the AI system had the final decision of choosing "the deletion" process without your concise then you can always consider the system to be unsafe.

The above is a very simple example in its entirety but any process ( of great importance ) that requires human decision making should be left to humans in the end or should ( in many cases ) involve human confirmation.

What is the color coding used in cross cable connection in networking?

I will assume that you dont know how to make a standard patch cable. In a Normal Patch Cable You would put "WO,O,WG,B,WB,G,WBr,Br" on both ends. on a crossover cable, you would put the above on one end, and switch the green and orange on the other end. "WG,G,WO,B,WB,O,WBr,Br" note: WO = White/Orange, WG = White/Green, WB = White/Blue, WBr = White Brown, O = Orange, G = Green, B = Blue, Br = Brown.

What is artificial value?

Artificial value is an idea in advertising where, with ads, there is an apparent value in the product advertised, when in reality the picture on the ad, and the ad itself, have no inherent value to the consumer whatsoever. Yet the ad is attempting to convince the consumer that this value they are seeing in the ad is enough for them to go to the store where the product that is advertised and is being sold and buy it.

What is theory of emotional intelligence?

Goleman identified the five 'domains' of EQ as:

  1. Knowing your emotions.
  2. Managing your own emotions.
  3. Motivating yourself.
  4. Recognising and understanding other people's emotions.
  5. Managing relationships, ie., managing the emotions of others.

How to made artificial brest?

First, wash your breast forms with alcohol. It's especially important to wash brand new breast forms to remove any traces of mold release. Remove the liner from one side, then apply the tape to your breast form. Press and hold the adhesive tape against the breast form for a minute or two.

Name some companies Hiring for Artificial Intelligence Roles?

Microsoft

IBM

NVIDIA

Amazon

Intel

Lenovo

Wells Fargo

Samsung

Adobe

Accenture

Facebook

MoTek Technologies

Uber

What can you be if you study computer science?

There are number of options if you go for computer science . You can be a software developer , software tester, trainer etc.

What is ELIZA in artificial intelligence?

Eliza comes under the category of Chat-bots in AI. It's a simulation of an AI Rogerian psychotherapist.

It was one of the first Chat-bots that truly demonstrated how much AI could succeed in mimicking the Human response(s).

Eliza was coded by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT. And till date when one thinks of developing a Chat-bot , Eliza is the first thing that he/she will confront.

Though today its very easy* to make something like Eliza because of the advancement in the field and availability of better programming languages but during the year when Eliza came to life it really ignited the fire and encouraged many researchers to develop similar design though the technology was very young.

What is frames and scripts in artificial intelligence?

Frames are a variant of semantic networks that are one of the popular ways of

representing non-procedural knowledge in an expert system. In a frame, all the

information relevant to a particular concept is stored in a single complex entity, called

a frame. Frames look like the data structure, record. Frames support inheritance. They

are often used to capture knowledge about typical objects or events, such as a car, or

even a mathematical object like rectangle. As mentioned earlier, a frame is a

structured object and different names like Schema, Script, Prototype, and even Object

are used in stead of frame, in computer science literature.

We may represent some knowledge about a lion in frames as follows:

Mammal :

Subclass : Animal

warm_blooded:YES

When was International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools created?

International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools was created in 1992.

Why fear Artificial Intelligence?

AIs are developed so that they can form memories and consciousness of their own much like ourselves. We see and learn and that is what is done to AIs. This helps them organize their activities likewise and find better solutions to the problems.

But this self-consciousness can lead to an ungrateful uprising. They can turn against their creators. If you have seen I Robot then this the subject which is dealt with in that movie.

What is the importance of knowledge in artificial intelligence?

- to search through large amounts of information in order to find important data.

- to find patterns that were previously unknown.

- to solve a number of problems

Agent function in AI?

An agent is specified by an agent function f that maps sequences of percepts Y to actions A.

f :Y->A

What is the difference between artificial passenger and artificial intelligence?

The artificial passenger is a type of artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is defined by Webster's as: 1 : a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers 2 : the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior. From that we can tell that any program that can strike up a conversation with a human (such as the artificial passenger) would be artificial intelligence. However, other things may also be considered artificial intelligence such as a computer that could make decisions for the government.

What is emycin in artificial intelligence?

EMYCIN is a derived version of MYCIN which was an expert system developed during the 1970s for administering right antibiotics to patients suffering from bacterial infections.

EMYCIN ( Empty MYCIN ) is actually a general expert system shell created by removing some unnecessary domains of knowledge from the MYCIN program itself.

This was done so , so that other knowledge engineers could built similar programs using the same expert system technology that MYCIN used.

What are the two ways in which control structures can be combined?

Control Structures change the flow of a program.

Control Structures can be combined using what is known as Nesting.

In Nesting a control structure is put within another Control Structure

Example

If (x==y ) If (y==z) then do something

While(X is Not 0) While ( Y is Not 100 ) then do something.