Australian Colonial Settlement

48 years old

The Dieppe Maps of the 16th Century incorporate Portuguese charts of of the north and east coast of Australia - probably made during expeditions by Mendonca in 1523-24. The mapped coast stretches from Shark Bay in Western Australia to Warrnambool in Victoria. The first written account is from the log of Dutch captain Willem Janszoon who mapped the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606. In the same year, Torres, a Portuguese in Spanish service, mapped Torres Strait and noted in his log that he expected to be able to get betwen Australia and New Guinea, which gives substance to a 1597 map showing the strait. The Dutch were the first to land on the Western coast, which is why the continent was initially named "New Holland". Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog sailed too far whilst trying out Henderik Brouwer's recently discovered route from the Cape of Good Hope to Batavia, via the Roaring Forties. Reaching the western coast of Australia, he landed at Cape Inscription on 25 October 1616.

The Fishburn was skippered by Master Robert Brown.

Conditions in England in the 18th century, prior to the First Fleet, were tough: the industrial revolution had made it harder for people to earn an honest wage as simpler tasks were replaced by machine labour. Unemployment rose, and consequently, so did crime, especially the theft of basic necessities such as food and clothing. The authorities elected to clamp down heavily on people for minor penalties, hoping to stem the tide of rising crime. This is why there were so many convicts who were sent to outlying colonies.

Yes.

For the first fifteen years, the people of the Western Australia colony (Swan River) were generally opposed to accepting convicts, although the idea was occasionally debated, especially by those who sought to employ convict labour for building projects.

Serious lobbying for Western Australia to become a penal colony began in 1845 when the York Agricultural Society petitioned the Legislative Council to bring convicts out from England on the grounds that the colony's economy was on the brink of collapse due to an extreme shortage of labour. Later examination of the circumstances proves that there was no such shortage of labour in the colony, but nonetheless, the petition found its way to the British Colonial Office, which in turn agreed to send out a small number of convicts to Swan River.

The Moreton Bay penal colony, under the leadership of Captain Patrick Logan, was a particularly brutal colony, where very harsh punishments were doled out. Captain Logan himself was murdered, and while the local Aborigines were blamed, there is every chance that he was murdered by convicts, who hated him for his cruel mistreatment.

Aborigines settled Tasmania thousands of years ago. According to anthropological evidence, the Tasmaan Aborigines are among the oldest civilisations found on Earth.

Regarding European settlement: the British Government instructed Lieutenant-Governor David Collins to establish a settlement at Sullivan Bay in Port Phillip (now in Victoria) in 1803. The settlement failed due to poor soil and inadequate water supply. Hearing of better land and timber in Van Diemen's Land, Collins moved most of the settlement across Bass Strait, and established Hobart. The city began as a penal colony at Risdon Cove on the Derwent River in late 1803 to offset British concerns over the presence of French explorers. These fears were not unfounded: the first Europeans to land on the island were members of the expedition of the French explorer Marion du Fresne.

The settlement became "official" on 16 February 1804. Collins originally named the settlement 'Sullivan Cove' after John Sullivan, Permanent Under-Secretary for the Colonies. The name Hobart Town was adopted by the settlement in June 1804, after Lord Hobart the Colonial Secretary. The colony of Van Diemen's Land was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales, with its own judicial establishment and Legislative Council, in December 1825. Hobart Town was proclaimed a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed as Hobart in 1875.

They were both.

From the Aborigines' point of view, they were invaders, taking aboriginal lands and pillaging their hunting grounds.

The definition of a 'settler' is one who settles an area, clearing the land and building residences and farms. For this reason, the Europeans that came to Australia were settlers.

The First Fleet carried the first group of convicts to Australia. It was followed later by the Second and Third fleets, but after that, shiploads of convicts sailed independently or in pairs.

Bee Colony Collapse Disorder ( also known as CCD and the Fall-Dwindle Disease) is causing the population to diminish by the millions. If the disorder is not solved, it could affect the availability of some types of food we eat.

I am not completley sure but i do not think they would of played with much things more other children

The very first convicts to arrive in Australia lived in rough lean-tos and tents, until barracks could be built. When the first convicts arrived in Australia, they found a hot, humid country. The bushland was thick and unlike anything they had at home - instead of green, grassy hills and green trees, they found rocky terrain and strange, grey-green trees that smelled strong and sweet.

The heat and humidity made it difficult to motivate the convicts to work, and English tools and implements were unusable in the tough Australian soil. They were expected to work long, hard hours in these hot and humid conditions.

not sure lool

yes, all the convicts were guarded by 191 marine officers and around 19 ordinary officers.

378 tonnes

Whilst on board the First Fleet, the convicts did not use any tools. They spent a lot of time below decks. Once they arrived in New South Wales, they used shovels, spades and picks to try and plant crops.

Convicts were convicted criminals. They had to serve a period of seven, fourteen or twenty-one years, or "the term of their natural life". They had few rights; few possessions of their own; had to abide by the rules of the people guarding them; had to do the work they were told to do and work for whomever they were sent to; and had few choices when it came to food. They could be punished with flogging, or reduced rations.

Free settlers were just that: free settlers. They were ordinary people who had come to Australia for a new life, and in the early days were allocated land which they were free to work however they best saw fit.

did Arthur phillip live in eglan

They were one in the same. New Spain is the name Spanish conquistadors gave to the lands of present-day Mexico.

Our Diversity in culture

The Alexander was one of the ships of the First Fleet. It carried 195 male convicts.

no she got them when she arrieved in australia