Catherine the Great

John Ledyard was arrested as a French spy in Jan 1788 while in the Siberian city Irkutsk . He was deported from Russia in March 1788.

Interesting question.

Turns out Voltaire and Catherine the Great carried on a long correspondence for about 10 years. Voltaire respected Catherine and referred to her as an "enlightened despot".

Although he disapproved of her extravagant court, he admired her strong leadership and rule. He also called her the "Star of the North".

He thought so highly of Catherine, he evidently kept a portrait of her in his bedroom. Catherine corresponded with some of the greatest minds of the era and encouraged arts, philosophy and sciences.

she killed her husband and had love affairs

The three monarchs were commonly known as "Enlightened Despots." This was because they reigned during the Age of the Enlightenment when even such monarchs were beginning to appreciate the concepts of reason, natural law and other ideas being developed at the time by various philosophers.

Her mother was Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp.

Catherine the Great, greatest accomplishment was extending the borders of Russia. She accomplished this by acquiring the lands of Southern Ukraine and Crimea.

On page 416 of Jay Winik's "The Great Upheaval" he states that Catherine's childhood was plagued by illnesses, and one left her woefully mishapen ("the backbone running zigzag", she later wrote). As a remedy she encased herself in a painful corset that she "never removed day or night" for eighteen months."

Catherine the Great had two children, Anna Petrovna and Tsar Paul I.

See attached links for pictures that I could find...

The goal of the "enlightenment" was to end serfdom in Russia and to increase the intellectual knowledge of Russians to equal that of fellow Europeans. She also acquired lands and instituted laws and reforms to further her purposes.

Catherine the great of Russia did all of the following Except becoming the president of Russia.

Catherine the Great seized parts of Poland in 1772, 1793 and in 1795. She also seized the Crimea and other lands from the Ottoman Empire, now Turkey.

Do what I did - DOCUMENT EVERYTHING - get a journal, and every time you speak, or see the offender, write the date and everything that happened - even if it seems irrelevent or unimportant. Tape record phone conversations or meetings with the person. Get witnesses to events - and have them write what they saw, sign and date it. Call the police or talk to someone in victims services and inform them of the situation - and ask them to note it officially. If children are involved, call social services and inform them of the situation and situations encountered. TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR - he/she will also document your conversation in your medical file which can be used in court if you so chose. MOst importantly - you need to develop a history of the behaviour and document it with various sources. And on a more pesonal note - everyone's true colors show through eventually...if you've caught onto the persons behaviour, others will too. Good Luck.

Erika

There is a book that is written largely for the issue you speak of:

Stop Walking on Eggshells; Coping When Someone You Care about Has Borderline Personality Disorder

Authors: Paul Mason, Randi Kreger

Best of luck!

Short of tape recording them or having a witness the next time you get into one of their headache-inducing conversations, not much. But I do agree with the last post.

The same way an attorney wins a case, by presenting a preponderance of substantiating evidence to prove the claim(s).

Im not sure.

it's A: Ivan the Terrible

She added 50,000 square miles to the Russian Territory. She was also the first Russian empress.

Catherine the Great never ruled England; she was Empress Catherine II of Russia and ruled alone after the 9 July 1762 assassination of her husband, Peter III, until her death on 17 November 1796. Originally from modern-day Germany, she was the force behind the Westernization of Russia and transformed the Empire into a world power.

Catherine the great.

The cost of her campaigns, on top of the oppressive social system that required lords' serfs to spend almost all of their time laboring on the lords' land, provoked a major peasant uprising in 1773, after Catherine legalized the selling of serfs separate from land.

Catherine the Great, also known as Catherine II, reigned as Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796, and in those four years made significant changes to both Russia and Europe as a whole. Politically, Catherine was very focused on foreign policies; she strengthened connections with Britain, agreeing to a commercial treaty with them in 1766. She extended the borders of the Russian Empire southward and westward, absorbing New Russia, Crimea, Lithuania, Belarus, and many more, adding roughly 200,000 mi2 to Russian territory. She also acted as a mediator in the War of the Bavarian Succession and established a League of Armed Neutrality designed to defend neutral shipping from the British Royal Navy. She also had friendly relations with Japan, trading supplies and food between the two. She also oversaw brutal reprisals in the wake of rebellion, such as Pugachev's Rebellion. Ultimately, Catherine II wanted to be recognized as an enlightened sovereign, and attempted to achieve this through her political actions.

Economically, she created many beneficial trading deals with countries such as Japan and Britain. Within Russia, she instituted the Assignation Bank, issuing the first paper money of the government. Assignation rubles were created due to large government spending, which led to a shortage in silver; however, the creation of such a system greatly affected the way the economy worked in Russia at the time.

Socially, Catherine furthered the evolution of the arts more than any Russian sovereign before or after her. She wrote comedies, fictions and memoirs, all the while communicating with philosophers and economists of the time to drive the artistic scene forward. During her reign, Russians imported and studied classical and European influences that inspired the Russian Enlightenment; in a way, you could say that Catherine the Great instigated the Russian Enlightenment. In terms of education, Catherine believed that education could change the hearts and minds of the Russian people, and therefore pushed for a national school system. She created many schools to educate females as well, including The Smolny Institute for Noble Girls. Finally, in 1786 Catherine achieved her goal by promulgating the Russian Statute of National Education; unfortunately, only a very small population was educated by this system. Religiously, Catherine was indifferent to religion, disallowing dissenters from building churches and exploiting Christianity through her anti-Ottoman policy. This extremely affected the religious views of Russia at the time.

Catherine II was arguably one of the greatest sovereigns of the Russian empire, extending its borders while drastically improving its arts and education system. Through her success in foreign policy, Russia became known as one of the great powers of Europe.

Catherine the Great was Tsar of Russia.

15 years old.

Grace Vargas.