Charlemagne

Charlemagne's empire was divided into three kingdoms, in accordance with the will of Louis the Pious, Charlemagne's successor. This was formalized and clarified by the Treaty of Verdun in 843. The nominal title of emperor lasted for a while, but had little meaning. In the end, the kings stopped acknowledging attachment to the empire, and the last person claiming the throne of the Carolingian Empire, Berengar I, died in 924.

Two of the three kingdoms survived. One became the kingdom of France. In another, Otto I resurrected the title of emperor and so the Holy Roman Empire came into being, which was, in turn, ancestral to Germany.

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They were Palestinians, as was Jesus.

Armenia was the first Christian Country since the year 301. Armenians adopted The Orthodox Armenian Apostolic Church which was the first in the world.

Later came the Catholics when Ancient Rome adopted Christianity in the year 380.

Some 320 years after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire, the Carolingian Empire (800-888) was created. This was the only empire which was created in Europe during this period.

The eastern part of the Roman Empire was not affected by the Germanic invasions which led to the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire and continued to exist for nearly 1,000 years after the fall of the western part. Historians have coined the term Byzantine Empire to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part. The people in question did not use this term. They called their empire Roman Empire or Romania (this referred to this empire and not the country which was later called Romania).

The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium, the Greek city which was redeveloped, turned into the imperial capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople by the emperor Constantine the Great in 330. It is used to indicate the fact that not long after the fall of the west, this empire became centred on Greece and Greek in character after it lost most of its non-Greek territories. Greek replaced Latin as the official language of this empire in 620, some 150 years after the fall of the west.

There were emperors in the western part of the Roman empire from 27 BC to 476 AD and emperors in the eastern part of the Roman empire until 1,453 . Up to the fall of the western part of the Roman empire there were 175 emperors. After that there were 89 more emperor. This gives a total of 264 emperors.

Therefore, there was a large number of emperors in charge of the Roman army. The number of generals was even higher.

In his role as a zealous defender of Christianity, Charlemagne gave money and land to the Christian church and protected the popes. As a way to acknowledge Charlemagne's power and reinforce his relationship with the church, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans on December 25, 800, at St.

The surnames of the Holy Roman Emperors depended on the dynasty they belonged to. They were the Liudolfings (Ottonian dynasty 919-1024), the Salian dynasty (1024-1125), the Hohenstaufen dynasty, 1138-1254), the Luxembourg dynasty (1308-1437) and the Hapsburg dynasty (1440-18905).

The origin of the Holy Roman Empire was the Carolingian Empire (800-888), which covered most of continental Western Europe. This empire ended with the extinction of the Carolingian dynasty due to continuous infighting over successions. France and Italy broke away.

There was a period where the king was not really in charge of Germany due to infighting over the succession and conflict between the king and the German princes. Henry the Fowler (ruled 919-36) managed to restore royal control and to repel attacks by the Magyars (Hungarians). His son and successor, Otto the Great (reigned 936-73), won a brief civil war and a rebellion backed by the king of France, thus consolidating royal power. He also inflicted the final defeat on the pagan Magyars, ending their invasions. The latter gave him the reputation of saviour of Christendom and further strengthened his power.

Otto also invaded Italy and was crowned king of Italy in 951. As his position in Italy was weak, Otto allowed the deposed king of Italy, Berengar II to retain his title as King of Italy in exchange for a hefty tribute, but kept north-eastern Italy as the March of Verona.

Berengar II rebelled and attacked the March of Verona in 958 and the Papal States in central Italy, which belonged to the Pope, in 960. The pope asked Otto for help and agreed to crown him emperor. Otto undertook a second expedition in Italy in 961. Berengar II avoided battle and withdrew his troops. Otto reached Rome January 962 and was crowned emperor by Pope John XII three days later. The kingdom of Germany and the kingdom Italy were joined to form the Holy Roman Empire.

Charlemagne ruled from 768 AD to 814 AD. During his own reign he was to see three different popes rule over Christendom. These were:

* Stephen IV (767-772 AD) * Adrian I (772-795 AD) * St. Leo III (795-816 AD)

There were many weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation. As the country continued to drift, with no real national leadership, the "Founding Fathers" realized a new form of government was needed to unite the new nation. The Articles gave congress no power to levy or collect taxes. Each state had to collect taxes from its citizens and turn that money over to the government under the Articles. Congress could do little if the states did not turn over taxes to the treasury. Congress had no power to regulate trade among the states or with foreign nations. This was leading to economic collapse of the national economy. A major weakness was the inability of Congress to force anyone to obey the laws it passed. The Articles lacked an executive and judicial branch independent from the legislature. The framers of the Constitution of the United States fixed these, and other weaknesses. A federal government was created with three separate branches, each having independent powers while sharing powers with the other two branches and with the state governments. MrV

Charlemagne (c.742-814), also known as Karl and Charles the Great, was a medieval emperor who ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814. In 771, Charlemagne became king of the Franks, a Germanic tribe in present-day Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and western Germany. He embarked on a mission to unite all Germanic peoples into one kingdom, and convert his subjects to Christianity. A skilled military strategist, he spent much of his reign engaged in warfare in order to accomplish his goals. In 800, Pope Leo III (750-816) crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans. In this role, he encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual revival in Europe. When he died in 814, Charlemagne's empire encompassed much of Western Europe, and he had also ensured the survival of Christianity in the West. Today, Charlemagne is referred to by some as the father of Europe.

Pepin the Short was educated by the monks of St. Denis. When he became the effective ruler of the Franks he forced king Childeric III to retire to a monastery and proclaimed himself king with the help of Pope Zachary. It was this pope who dethroned Childeric. He also had him tonsured (this was the shaving off of hair as a sing of religious devotion. Pepin attacked the Lombards in Italy to defend the next pope, Stephen II because they were threatening to take Rome. He also gave the cities he conquered in central Italy to the pope in what has been called the Donation of Pepin.

In 772 the Lombards took some the cities Pepin gave to the papacy and marched on Rome. Pope Adrian I demanded that these cities be returned to the papacy and asked Charlemagne for help. Charlemagne attacked the Lomdards in Italy and forced them to leave the papal territories and besieged their capital, Pavia. He confirmed the donation of his father, Pein, and the Pope gave him the title of patrician. In 799 the people of Rome rioted against Pope Leo III, who fled to Charlemagne and asked him to restore him. Charlemagne went to Rome and the pope crowned him Imperator Romanorum (Emperor of the Romans). The pope did so assert Rome's independence from the Byzantine emperors.

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Scholars in Aachen, particularly during the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne, played a crucial role in the preservation and promotion of classical knowledge. They engaged in copying and studying ancient texts, which helped to safeguard literary and philosophical works from antiquity. Additionally, they contributed to the development of educational reforms, establishing schools and promoting literacy among the clergy and nobility. This intellectual revival laid the groundwork for future advancements in European education and culture.

Charlemagne died on January 28, 814 at the age of 71.

A brief definition of a Roman Emperor can be taken from the link below.

"The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (from about 27 BC onwards). The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin titles such as imperator (from which English Emperor derives), Augustus, Caesar and princeps were all associated with it. In practice, the Emperor was supreme ruler of Rome and supreme commander of the Roman legions."

His four sons divided up the kingdom.

He conquered the Saxons to bring them to Christianity.

The answer is false his empire did not strech into germany Austria and northern Ireland.

No, it was not. Charlemagne died about 340 years after the fall of the western part o the Roman Empire.

King Charles II of England was 6'2",