Civil Engineering

The interstate highway system was designed to be used as military runways.

identity nee--establish feasbility--prgram process- [relim buget schedule--project team--financing --risk identity alternatives -present proposal --Approval to proceed===first concept (C) Conceive----Planning (D) Develop -plan---conduct studies--select equipment--reconfirm econimic buget-- cash flow and re-assess risk and present project ----(3) Execute--(4)finish

For disabled access, regulation elevation is between 1:12 and 1:20

If it were a drug (small round white pill, M over 15), it might be Lomotil, an antidiarrheal.

A metric prefix meaning ten. A decagram is ten grams. A decaliter is ten liters. Not to be confused with deci, which means a tenth.

When an solid wire/string is stretched, its length increases and diameter decreases.

Transverse strain=d/D d=change in diameter D=original diameter

Longitudinal strain=l/L l=change in length L=original length

Poisson's Ratio=Transverse strain/Longitudinal strain=dL/Dl Alternatively, think about it in 3 dimensions. Assume we are pulling a piece of rubber in one dimension (X axis). In that dimension, the rubber gets longer. In the other 2 dimensions (Y and Z axes), the rubber gets smaller. (It 'necks' down.) For an incompressible material, the total volume cannot change with applied load, so for each unit the rubber gets longer in the X axis, it must get shorter in the total of the other 2 axes (Y + Z). Assuming the material is isotropic (as pure rubber would be), the changes in the Y and Z axes would be the same, and would need to total that of the X axis. So, as described above, Poissons Ratio would be dZ/dX or dY/dX, both of which would be 0.5 .

When the actual flow (Qa) is greater than theoretical flow (Qt) in a reciprocating pump it is negetive slip.

very compact,crystal grains interlocked

The Romans built stone-paved roads which were covered with local rocks cut into squares or polygonal slabs of lava. These roads had a military purpose. They made the movement of soldiers and the delivery of supplies to troops at the front or stationed in garrisons much easier and faster. Their military nature was also shown in by the fact that they were usually built on a straight line, even when they crossed hilly areas. Traders also used these roads to transport their goods. They complained that the straight tracts over steep gradients made it very difficult for their laden wagons. After these complaints at least some of these tracts were redesigned to allow for less steep gradients.

The paved roads covered 20% (80,500 kilometres, 50,313 miles) of the total network of roads (400,000 kilometres, 250,000 miles) in the Roman Empire.

Liquid filled dampers

Air filled dampers

Mechanical dampers

Rubber pad dampers

Spiral dampers

Steel wire mesh is welded by spot welding which could be continuous or staggered, depending on the application and strength of joints required. Sometimes, they are fastened by screws to the frame which serves as retainer also.

Robots make repetitive tasks which are made with extreme precision, which is not normally possible with humans. Also, there are some disorders regarding repetitive tasks made by humans, which suggests robots in factories is highly recommended. Dangerous tasks can also be made by robots, which in the past was the job of humans. Factory environments are usually harmful for human health. For example, dangerous gases which are inhaled by human workers or the psychological effect that factories have in human workers. The only bad thing about robots in factories is the fact that they take jobs from human workers (which is good for industries but not for workers).

Any number that you like: it depends how high the asphalt is stacked!

To obtain uniform strength.

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People's Education Society. A world renowned Degree College in Bangalore, India.

A Casio FX-88OP is a scientific calculator. To program this, simply run the program in the true MS-DOS mode. Do not use an MS-DOS prompt.

The team that play at stamford bridge is Chelsea F.C.

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Curtins Consulting specializes in design and consulting services for civil engineering, infrastructure, and health and safety. They focus on bridges as well as buildings.

Thermo Mechanically Treated (TMT) rods are manufactured using the 'Quenching & Tempering' (Q & T) technology. A contemporary technology, it allows the production of rods to be on par with international standards. Once the steel bar is rolled, it is made to pass through heat treatment over three successive stages. In the first stage of 'Quenching', intense water quenching is executed on the periphery while the core stays unchanged, leading to a martensitic surface and austenitic core. Subsequently, the bar leaves the quenching box to undergo a process of 'Self Tempering' wherein heat from the austenitic core flows to the tempered martensitic surface. In the final stage of 'Atmospheric Cooling' that takes place on the Cooling Bed, the austenitic core is transformed into ductile ferrite-pearlite structure. The end result is a fine combination of a strong outer rim (tempered martensite) and a ductile core (ferrite-pearlite), thereby imparting strength as well as ductility. After the quenching process, the rods are cut to desired sizes with the Shearing machines and transferred to the Cooling Bed wherein they are cooled to get the defined structure. As opposed to the conventional rods that are subjected to cold twisting, TMT rods have high strength, greater yield & elongation, uniform micro structure, toughness, ductility and weldability. They also bond better with cement concrete mix. Hence they are equipped with the requisite properties to provide strength to structures for enduring natural hazards.

Office building lifespan, median 73 years. Source: 2008 Buildings Energy Data Book, Buildings Technologies Program, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, page 3-12.

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As long as the water is liquid, the strength of the finished product will not be diminished by the water temperature.