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Civil Rights

Civil rights guarantee people the right to be treated fairly regardless of their gender, national origin, race, age, sexual orientation or religion. These rights provide the basic outline in laws of the United States and many other countries.

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What fundamental rights did medieval people enjoy?

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The lords could not take the away the serfs' right to farm and live on the manor.

The concept of "rights" comes out of the Enlightenment. In the Middle Ages, a person had "privileges" which could be given or revoked by a living king. As a result, a person could do what they were allowed to do. This is in fundamental disagreement with the idea of "rights" because a right exists regardless of what the current laws say.

What did the kerner commision conclude about the cause of racial unrest in the US?

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It concluded that the economic and social inequality that existed was the primary factor, an indication of the overall division of US society. It also criticized the failure of the federal and state governments to address those issues, and the white-controlled media.</zzz>

Conversely, it also recommended that police utilize better methods to investigate groups that promoted violence as a way to address social inequities.</zzz>

That racial inequality was dangerous to social stability

Which Civil Rights organization organized the freedom rides?

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The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) members initially rode the buses south until Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) volunteers took over in Nashville.

What is the definition of performa?

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Performa is a mis-spelling of proforma.

Use Proforma:

Description of financial statements that have one or more assumptions or hypothetical conditions built into the data. Often used with balance sheets and income statements.

Example:

Provided to show rent or income projections upon acquisition of Commercial Real Estate, or a Business so as to justify obtaining of financing for the purchase - Used to demonstrate the Borrower's ability to repay the loan based on income projections taking into account Mortgage or loan terms, and actual or projected income based on reasonable and qualified assumptions.

Was Homer plessy a slave?

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Homer Plessy was multi-ethnic and multi-cultural (Franco-American), because both of his parents had a mixture of African-American and Caucasian genes. In the 19th century, most people and all government bodies adhered to the "one-drop rule," which labeled anyone with at least one African-American ancestor black.

Louisiana, where Plessy was born and lived his entire life, informally acknowledged degrees of ethnicity because there were many freemen in the State, and the practice of intermarriage was common. By Louisiana standards, Plessy was considered an "octoroon," or someone with one-eighth black ancestry. Plessy identified with his African-American heritage, but evaluated himself as appearing white.

You can view a photo of Homer Plessy via Related Links, below.

What started the US civil rights movement?

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There were multiple events that started it.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) is often stated as the beginning of the movement. But school desegregation had begun the previous year with the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.

*(see the links below to read events that led up to the civil rights movement)

Which events in the civil rights movement preceded the civil rights act of 1964?

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Prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the main legislation in regards to civil rights was the Civil Rights Act of 1875. It was President John F Kennedy who called for this Act to be updated in response to the emerging Civil Rights movement and unrest in America.

Why did Homer Plessy get arrested?

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Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896)

Homer Plessy was arrested on June 7, 1892, for sitting in a whites-only railroad car, in violation of restrictions set by Louisiana's Separate Car Act of 1890. The East Louisiana Railroad Company, which also wanted the Separate Car Act repealed, conspired with the (New Orlean's) Citizens' Committee, a civil rights activist group comprised primarily of African-American professionals, and Plessy to arrange Plessy's arrest so he would have standing to challenge the law in court.

What does micro level mean?

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Micro is a prefix from the Greek word μικρός meaning small. Macro is the prefix meaning large, from the similar Greek word μάκρος, which means 'long'. Some examples include:

Microeconomics: focuses on the economic choices of individual actors (people, firms).

Macroeconomics: focuses on aggregate economics (countries, industries, etc.).

What year did the civil rights act take place?

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Civil Rights Protection is part of the US Constitution. Since the late 1700s, civil rights legislation has been passed on a nearly continuous basis. Blacks were slaves at one time, because Christians didn't want them killed.

England, Spain, France and Portugal set legal boundaries for African nations, hoping to end the continuous war between rival African tribes over territory. But it didn't have the intended effect. Legally enforced boundaries placed tribal minorities together with rival tribe majorities in the same nations.

The majority tribes mass slaughtered the opposing minority, and this continues even today. But when Christianity was practiced with greater purity, slave traders from Western Europe were called by The Pope to abandon saving war refugees from other nations, and to ransom the black African prisoners of rival tribes, because the black Africans were savage.

They would torture even children of captured enemy tribes. So, white people went there and said, "We'll ransom their lives. If you agree to stop torturing them to death, well give you items of value in exchange for their lives!"

The only economically feasible means to stop the savage torture and death was to put the black Africans to work to pay off the expense of ransom. Otherwise, the project could not continue.

The existence of African Americans was only made possible by white people paying a ransom to keep their ancestors alive! The merchants could have said, "We have our supply already, people much closer to our own kind, and who learn language easily.

"So what if the black Africans kill each other off? What do we care?" But hundreds of years ago people did not adopt the minimum legal requirement as the ideal standard of morality.

White people worshiped The Lord Jesus Christ, Who by His Perfect Living Sacrifice ransomed all men from eternal death. Because The Roman Catholic Church displayed outrage at the injustice done in black African nations, the merchants obeyed God The Almighty, and purchased the lives of innocent black Africans.

So, if a person is a black US citizen, chances are he/she owes their existence to the white people who saved the black ancestors from whose genetic bloodlines came African Americans living today.

There have been civil rights since the 1600s. But one could understand that if white people were saving black peoples' lives by the tens of thousands; paying for their lives, that they wouldn't be able to also provide good jobs, free housing, and let the blacks live off the work done by whites.

It was only reasonable that completely uneducated Africans do work in exchange for their lives, food, and shelter. Throughout history, those who could not survive on their own were hired by those who needed workers.

Biblical-times slavery, and ancient Roman slavery were respectful of human dignity. Plutarch, in "The Lives of Greek and Roman Nobility", or something like that, writes of men wealthy enough to employ 50,000 full-time soldiers for military expeditions. It was an old saying in Rome, "A man has not wealth who cannot fund a military force."

That's really wealthy. These nobles took meals and wine together with their slaves. A man's servants were frequently quite wealthy themselves. The problems blacks experience in America today are caused by civil rights legislation.

There existed very few areas, about the same as today, where blacks were discriminated against. It was only in areas where blacks segregated themselves that segregation took root.

White people treated black slaves like people, not like animals! Black Africans practiced voodoo. They received treatment for illness and injury from witch doctors! When they were brought to the USA, they were taught Christianity. They were taken to doctors when they got sick. They were wed to each other in Christian marriage, and had children.

If black slaves were treated as people today believe: whipped, beaten, made prisoners, slept in the barn with the animals, and all that other Hollywood invention; there is no way the white people who took care of them would have taught them Christianity and allowed them to marry under Christian marriage.

It doesn't make sense! But this does, there were more than 1500 black-owned banks in 1960. They survived because white people deposited money in them. White people were perfectly objective and just to black people until the government began inflicting grave injustice upon white people, in the name of equality.

You'll see blacks and whites in harmonious cooperation in the NFL. WHY? Because the NFL does NOT take white players' pay and give it to black players! That's the key. Government cannot buy people out of poverty. It can only subsidize failure.

Middle-class blacks are almost exclusively employed doing government jobs that were created specifically to lower unemployment rates among blacks. But those jobs are not necessary. They're useless and/or redundant. They serve only to swindle democrats into believing social-welfare and affirmative-action programs have lowered black unemployment!

The more help blacks get from the government, the more of them die. The white population in the US has grown from 65 million to 240 million since 1920 A.D. Blacks haven't even broke even. They're being exterminated by democrats. Black college students have a 99% dropout rate. Black people are 50 times more likely to commit crime as white people are.

The government has placed subsidies on the behaviors killing the black population. Until financial incentives are removed, blacks will continue to decline. Television advertising presents a fairy-tale world where blacks comprise 40% of the middle-class population, and whites socialize with blacks after high school. But people don't really know. The fact is that black actors earn much less than white actors featured in television advertising.

The advertisers are saving money on ad production while deceiving the public. There's a sequel to "The Emperor's New Clothes," called: "Television Advertisement."

Why did Homer Plessy go to the US Supreme Court?

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Homer Plessy's and the Citizens' Committee's goal was to convince the US Supreme Court to overturn the Louisiana Separate Car Act (Act 111), requiring racial segregation on intrastate railroads, unconstitutional under the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.

Unfortunately, the majority of the Court supported segregation, provided the facilities were "separate but equal" (which was seldom the case) and rejected the argument that segregation applied the stigma of slavery to African-Americans.

Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896)

For more information, see Related Questions, below.

What did Homer Plessy did for the people?

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Homer Plessy was allegedly a shoemaker and Vice-President of Societe des Francs Amis (Society of French Friends), a social organization that paid medical and funeral expenses for dues-paying members. Later in life he became a collector for People's Life Insurance Company.

Homer A. Plessy (March 17, 1863 - March 1, 1925) was the petitioner in the landmark US Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896), that legitimized the "separate but equal" doctrine used to discriminate against African-Americans. The Plessy ruling, combined with the Court's earlier decision in the Civil Rights Cases, 163 US 537 (1883), which repealed the Civil Rights Act of 1875, allowed Jim Crow laws to flourish across the country (most particularly in the Southern states). Plessy was finally overturned by Brown v. Board of Education, 347 US 483 (1954).

A government action that denies someone fair and equal treatment under the law may be declared what?

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A governmental action that denies someone fair and equal treatment under the law may be declared unconstitutional. A judge can evaluate a law and declare that it is unconstitutional.

Should the right to die be considered a right?

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Yes god gives us free will, why should you have to jump from an overpass on a freeway or feel the fear of having a noose around your neck or slice your wrists or throath. You never know that fear until your there no matter how brave you are! Yes life is the most precious gift ever. But if you have endured pain and suffering and lost everyone you love including your partner like i have after all these years yes its my right to close my eyes and drift away. Diamorphine and barbitetuites are used in assisted suiside but tightly controlled. So i guess ill have to go the horrific way like so many befor me.

What is true about Virginia laws from 1705 that prevented nonwhites from gaining political office?

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The Virginia Slave Codes of 1705 made it easier to take away rights from nonwhites in the future. These laws made racial separation and inequality a legislative matter.
They made it easier to take away rights from nonwhites in the future

What parts of the US Constitution did Homer Plessy believe the Separate Car Act violated?

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Homer Plessy, a member of the New Orleans' Citizens' Committee that organized challenges to segregation laws, deliberately violated Louisiana's Separate Car Act of 1890.

The Separate Car Act required railroad companies traveling within the state of Louisiana to provide separate travel accommodations for whites and African-Americans, preventing the races from co-mingling.

Plessy bought a first-class ticket to travel on the East Louisiana Railroad with the intention of sitting in the coach designated for white people.

When the conductor walked through the "whites-only" car, he stopped to examine Plessy's first-class ticket, and asked whether the man was black or white. Plessy replied that he was black, but refused to remove himself to the African-American car. The Citizens' Committee had hired a private detective to ensure Plessy was detained; the detective took Plessy to the New Orleans' Parish jail.

Under ordinary circumstances, Plessy would not have been questioned about sitting in the white car because he had no identifiable African-American features. The Citizens' Committee and the railroad company conspired to create a test case challenging the Separate Car Act because both wanted the Act repealed (the railroad primarily for economic reasons).

How did people know Plessy was African-American?

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The East Louisiana Railroad Conductor who punched Homer Plessy's ticket asked if he was "white or colored." Plessy responded that he was "colored," but refused to move to the car designated for African-American travelers.

Plessy was a member of the New Orleans' Citizens' Committee that organized challenges to segregation laws, and deliberately violated Louisiana's Separate Car Act of 1890 in order to force a legal confrontation over laws that abrogated the principles of the 13th and 14th Amendments.

The Separate Car Act required railroad companies traveling within the state of Louisiana to provide separate travel accommodations for whites and African-Americans, preventing the races from co-mingling.

Home Plessy was an "Octaroon," in New Orlean's parlance, someone who had a single African-American grandparent, and looked white. He would not have been challenged as "colored" but for the Citizen's Committee pre-arranging his arrest with the East Louisiana Railroad Co. The railroad companies also wanted to overturn the law because they believed it was bad for business, so the company agreed to help stage a confrontation.

When the conductor walked through the "whites-only" car, he stopped to examine Plessy's first-class ticket, and asked whether the man was black or white. Plessy replied that he was black, but refused to remove himself to the African-American car. The Citizens' Committee had hired a private detective to ensure Plessy was detained; the detective took Plessy to the New Orleans' Parish jail.


To view a picture of Homer Plessy, see Related Links, below.

Why did Homer Plessy challenge a Louisiana law in 1892?

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In 1892 Homer Plessy rode in a whites only railroad car. He was brought before the courts and argued that the lawwas unconstitutional. In 1896 the supreme court expressed a new legal document endorsing "seperate, but equal."

Where did Homer Plessy live?

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Homer Plessy was classified as an "Octoroon" by 19th-Century New Orleans standards, meaning he was one-eighth African in descent. Plessy had one black grandmother, a Haitian "free woman of color," named Catherine Mathieu, who married and bore eight children with Homer's French Caucasian grandfather, Germain Plessy. Homer was very light-skinned, and said his African heritage was "not discernable."

Plessy belonged to a group of New Orleans' African-American professionals, the Citizens Committee, that deliberately staged confrontations over Jim Crow laws in Louisianna. The law targeted in this case was Louisiana's Separate Car Act of 1890, which required separation of travelers by race. If Plessy's arrest hadn't been prearranged with the East Louisiana Railroad Company, he probably wouldn't have been challenged for sitting in the "whites only" car.

You can access a photo of Homer Plessy via Related Links, below.

Why couldn't blacks play with whites in sports before the civil rights?

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Technically, they COULD play, but no team wanted an African American player. Because of the racial issues in the United States, AA's were discriminated against when i came to a lot of things. Jackie Robinson was a great player and was found by a team that was willing to put aside their difference (for the most part) and accept him as a part of their team. Jackie Robinson opened the door to other African American players because it was no longer "taboo."

How did civil rights tactics change during the 1960s?

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When Martin Luther King was alive, he believe in Ghani's values of "non violence movements"; which he felt was the best way to make change. By doing non violence movements it shows the unfair, undemocratic ways that were being forced upon African Americans, women, and minorities. After Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated there was a social, often violent uproar. This went against King's values, and it would have upset him. From then on new programs were made that believed in using violent tactics because they were inpatient. For example black power, the black panthers, and etc began to cause trouble and violent uproars. This resulted in deaths, many people being imprisoned, and injured.