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Computer Hardware
Computer hardware is a general term used to refer to all the physical parts of a computer. Internal hardware devices include hard drives and motherboards, while external hardware devices include monitors, mice, keyboards, and printers.
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The usb and firewire bus standart and their possible impact on computer of the future?
USB AND FIRE WIRE BUS STANDARDS AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACT ON COMPUTERS OF FUTURE
UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB):-
A USB flash drive is a data storage device that consists of flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface.
· It is hot swappable.
· USB version 1.1 provides maximum speeds of up to 1.5 MB/s while the version 2.0 is about 40 times faster.
· Most weigh less than 30 g.
· Drives of 256 gigabytes (GB) are also available, and storage capacities as large as 2 terabytes
Internals of a typical USB flash drive
1
USB Standard-A plug
2
USB mass storage controller device
3
Test points
4
Flash memory chip
5
Crystal oscillator
6
LED
7
Write-protect switch (Optional)
8
Space for second flash memory chip
USB STANDARDS:-
USB (1.x and 2.0):-
USB 1.x provides low speed (up to 1.5 M Bit/s) at distances of 3m, and high speed (12 M Bit/s) at distances of 5m.
Version 2.0 supports speeds to 480 M Bit/s at distances of up to 5m.
In all cases a maximum of 5 hubs may be supported.
USB (1.x and 2.0) provide a base current of 100MA and a maximum current of base X 5 = 500MA for powering of peripherals or battery charging applications.
USB 3.0:-USB 3.0 provides speeds up to 5.0 G Bit/s - termed Super Speed in the specifications. USB 3.0 uses new Standard and Micro A and B plugs and receptacles using 9 pins to obtain the full Super Speed performance (5.0 G Bit/s).USB 3.0 increases the base current from 100MA (USB 2.0) to 150MA. The maximum load is 6 x base to 900MA (up from USB 2.0 x 5 = 500MA).
USB 0.7 :-
· Released in 1994
· Voltage - Input2.7 V ~ 5.5 V
· Current Limit= 700mA
· Operating Temperature= - 40°C ~ 85°C
OTHER STANDARDS:-
· USB 0.8: Released in December 1994.
· USB 0.9: Released in April 1995.
· USB 0.99: Released in August 1995.
FIREWIRE BUS:-
FireWire is High Performance Serial Bus, for connecting devices to your personal computer. FireWire provides a single plug-and-socket connection on which up to 63 devices can be attached with data transfer speeds up to 400 Mbps.
It is Hot-plug and plug and play capability without disrupting your computer.
FIREWIRE STANDARDS:-
FIREWIRE 400 (IEEE 1394):-
- High interface transfer rate: up to 50MB/s.
- Flexibility: use your IEEE 1394 peripheral on both Mac or Windows platforms.
- Ease of use: hot-pluggable FireWire technology.
- Small cables: space-saving thin serial cables.
- Connect up to 63 devices.
- Self-powered: directly powered by the bus.
- The IEEE 1394 interface is specifically aimed at multimedia peripherals such as digital video camcorders, CD-RW drives, DVD drives and hard drives
FIREWIRE 400 (IEEE 1394a):-
- Brings high-speed connectivity to your desktop computer, quickly and easily
- It added support for asynchronous streaming, quicker bus reconfiguration, packet concatenation, and a power-saving suspend mode.
- Great for use with multimedia peripherals
- Firewire 400 (IEEE 1394a) provides 100, 200 and 400 Mbits/sec transfer at a distance of 4.5 meters between devices.
· It also expanded cable options to glass and plastic fiber and Cat 5 Ethernet.
· Also included in IEEE 1394b, FireWire 1600 and FireWire 3200 increase transfer rates to 1.6 and 3.2 Gbits/sec respectively.
· FireWire 800's connector, referred to as a beta connector, is different from FireWire 400's alpha connectors, making legacy cables incompatible.
FireWire S800T (IEEE 1394c):-· High Performance Serial Bus Amendment to enhance the physical layer for higher data rates over CAT5 or better rated UTP cable Scope.· This is a full-use standard whose scope is to amend the IEEE 1394 base standard (IEEE Std 1394-1995 as amended by IEEE Std 1394a-2000 and IEEE Std 1394b-2002) to specify alternate physical layer(s) that provide greater than S100 data rate over CAT5 or better cable.
· This physical layer is capable of negotiating with a peer device to select the appropriate next higher protocol layer.
Future enhancements (including P1394d)A project named IEEE P1394d was formed by the IEEE on March 9, 2009 to add single mode fiber as an additional transport medium to FireWire. P1394d - IEEE Standard for a High-Performance Serial Bus - Amendment: IEEE 1394 Single-mode Fiber Fiber Physical Medium (PMD) SpecificationOther future iterations of FireWire are expected to increase speed to 6.4 Gbit/s and additional connectors such as the small multimedia interface.IMPACT of USB and FIREWIRE on future Computers:-
USB and Firewire represent the newer generations of external serial interfaces being adopted to reduce PC and connection costs and to improve performance.
BY :- AWAD ZAFAR
A LAN driver, or a network card driver enables the operating system to communicate with the network card and transmit and receive packets of information across the network or LAN. It provides a "bridge" between the operating system (software) and the network card (hardware). This kind of layering provides a scalable architecture, where a single operating system can work with many network cards and vice-versa.
How do you fix a parameter that is out of range on my computer?
It depends if this is when you first turn on your PC or in an application. If its when you first boot your PC, you could have corrupt system files, a file system error, or a failing hard drive. At any rate, you should back up your data as soon as possible.
To rule out the hard drive as a problem, find out which manufacturer's drive is installed and get their testing utility. It would be best to have the version the burns to a CD, and then boot up off of that CD. That way, even if you cannot get into Windows, you can still test the drive. If it finds bad spots, you should let the software relocate the data to spare sectors. That should make things more stable, at least long enough to do backups.
VIA
Difference between Scalar processor and vector processor?
Vector and scalar processors also differ in their startup times. A vector processor often requires a prolonged startup of the computer because of the multiple tasks being performed. Scalar processors start a computer in a much shorter amount of time, since only single tasks are being executed.
The superscalar processor takes elements of each type and combines them for even fasterprocessing. Using instruction-level parallelism, superscalar processing can perform multiple operations at the same time. This allows for the CPU to perform much faster than a basic scalar processor, without the additional complexity and other limitations of the vectorprocessor. There can be problems with this type of processor, however, as it must determine which tasks can be performed in parallel and which are dependent on other tasks being completed first.
Vector and scalar processors are still used on a daily basis. Some video game consoles, for example, use a combination of both vector and scalar processors. Vector processing is seen to have promise when dealing with multimedia tasks in which one instruction can address the large amount of data required for video and audio.
What is the difference between super computers and desktops?
Super computers are much more powerful. They have faster processors, more memory and are designed for complex tasks that the average desktop computer can not perform.
What is the advantage Intel Vpro Technology?
- Intel KVM Remote Control
- Remote On/Off
Tangible energy cost saving.
- AES-NI Encryption
It is also use WinZip to encrypt sensitive data up to 4x faster.
Regards
Asif Iqbal Butter
A computers power supply can cause a shock even when unplugged but it's not dangerous.
The monitor stores enough power to kill for many years after being unplugged. Never open the case of a monitor.
Location of computer power supply in motherboard?
The power supply is usually always located at the top of the computer tower, to the back. Whats easy to find is whatever your power cord from the wall plugs into on the back of your computer, is your power supply box. From there, the power is reduced and sent throughout the computers hardware. (You'll also see that its the box with all the wires are coming out of, inside the computer)
Do any computers come standard with a 550 watt power supply?
Why wouldn't it? :) I bought a new chassi a year ago, it came with a 500 watt PSU :)
What is Random access frame buffer?
A frame buffer temporarily stores an entire image frame for image or video capture applications. Here, 'buffer' implies 'temporary memory'.
'Random access' means that an interfacing microprocessor or other electronic component can read from ('access') arbitrary ('random') memory locations. Given that this is in the context of a frame buffer, that means you could read the first pixel, then the pixel on the 10th row and 9th col, then the last pixel, or any order desired. This is in contrast to 'sequential access', which only allows reading consecutive memory locations (ie read pixel1, then pixel 2, pixel3, ...).
Hopefully it is clear that random access allows for more control and is necessary for image processing operations. On the other hand, sequential access gives less control, but is sufficient for transferring an image frame to memory or from camera to LCD display.
To be clear, 'random' here means 'arbitrary', and is also used to describe the general-purpose random access memory (RAM) in PCs.
What type of connector is typically used for the RS-232 Serial Ports on PCs?
Serial ports typically use a DE-9 (sometimes mistakenly called "DB-9") connector. This is a connector with 9 male pins protruding from the computer. They are part of a group of connectors called "D-sub" connectors, both because of their shape, resembling a "D", and their size which was rather small at the time they were introduced.
Why is my DSL Modem getting hot?
Don't know 'why' but I solved my hot modem and hot router problem. Bought a cheap laptop pad (with the fans) at Big Lots ($8), plugged it into my router, set modem and router on it. They don't get hot anymore.
that is not a full sentence/question.
What are the disadvantages of a webcam?
They can be hacked in to and you'll never know your being watched.
What is the differnce between a closed and open circut?
The simple answer is that when a circuit is "closed" electrons from the power source are able to flow from one pole to another. The devise being powered is "on" or functioning. When a circuit is open there is a break in the path, normally created by a switch being in the off position, but also possibly caused by a broken wire, something not making proper contact, damage, etc.
Explain briefly the court structure in South Africa?
The Constitutional Court is the highest decision making body in the land.
Then we have the Supreme Court of Appeal.
The High Court
The Magistrate Court
What are those hardware and s0ftware of computer?
Hardware are the physical items inside a computer, like the motherboard, RAM, harddrive, graphics card, wiring, DVD drive, and case.
Software is data, like files on the hard drive, which include your browser, operating system, any documents, programs, games, pictures.
What is a dual pointing keyboard?
A keyboard that has both a toggle stick and a touch pad.
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