Computer Networking

The purpose of ayering is to separate functional components that interact in some sequential and hierarchical way, with each layer usually having an interface only to the layer above it and the layer below it.

No.

This is not necessarily true. Star topology is often the most affordable while still allowing some robustness, but in mission critical scenarios, often a mesh topology will make more sense. The different topologies exist not only because of evolution over time, but because different scenarios call for different configurations.

SCTP is a protocol that has the ability to deliver functionality that is similar to TCP. Like TCP, an SCTP session can be configured to offer ordered, guaranteed, delivery with congestion control and a notion of a session. It differs in that it offers other features and has an implementation that is not directly compatible with TCP; both peers' network stacks and applications will also need to support SCTP.

An audit (financial or non-financial) therefore indicates detailed examination and verification of an account, a situation or a state.

Given this definition, the application of an audit varies from financial audits to marketing audits; from fire safety audit to statutory refulations requirements audit(like ISO, HAACP etc). Very large scale audits include an audit of the city.

The purpose of carrying out the audit varies. In the case of a fire safety audit, we are ensuring environmental safety. In the case of an annual financial audit, the primary purpose of its existence is the protection of stockholders in publicly traded What is the purpose of an audit.

To this end, my reply is that the purpose of an audit is to verify and examine in detail if there is accuracy in information. However, the type of audit being carried out may have a deeper underlying purpose which is being addressed.

Specifically, the purose of an audit is to perform an independent assessment of an action, function, or system, in order to determine the effectiveness of that action, function, or systems ability to control risk.

The word "hop" means a short jump on one foot. In wireless networks, data packets find their paths through routers or in general gateways. Each time a packet is passed to the next router a "hop" occurs. The function of intermediate hops is to relay data from one hop to the next one. Therefore in a wireless network, single-hop means that there is only one hop between source station and destined host. Wireless stations are connected to wireless access points (WAPs) which connects to router via a wired network. In other words, host connects to base station (i.e. wireless access point such as WiFi, WiMAX, cellular) which connects to larger network (e.g. Internet).

Port 2

CISCO Network Fundamentals Read Chapter 1 Pages14,15

By issuing following command in command prompt on client machine.. Gpresult

Domain Name provides identification for collection of devices under single Administration & Management. Domain name can be registered for Unique identity on Internet for egxyz.com.

While Sub Domainprovides further divisions and extensionsfor theDomain name that can be organised or categorised according to Organisational needs for eg sales.xyz.com.

decapsulates the Layer 3 packet by stripping off the Layer 2 frame header

uses the destination IP Address in the IP header to look up the next-hop address in the routing table

encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into the new Layer 2 frame and forwards it out the exit interface

No

Class D and E are reserved for special purposes. A Class D is 1110 the decimal range will be 224-239. Class E is reserved for InterNIC experiments.

The main challenges, as I see it, are:* There is no strong incentive to do the transition, as long as hardly anybody else is doing it.

* For ISPs, it might involve significant costs in updating existing equipment - if they bought routers several years ago, the routers might not have the hardware optimization required to quickly route large amounts of IPv6 packets.

Note that one way or the other, this transition will HAVE TO happen sooner or later.

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WAN.

LAN is a short range connection, WAN is wide range.

what is meant by topology?

254

the user profile settings like the wallpaper, desktop icons, application settings etc are stored in the ntuser.dat. This is similar for both local and roaming profiles.

Connection-oriented

No, it is unreliable. If reliability is needed, it has to be taken care of by higher-layer protocols; usually TCP.

Either configure point-to-point subinterfaces or create a full-mesh topology.