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Computer Programming
A category for questions about computer programming and programming languages.
10,506 Questions
What is the name of a popular personal finance program?
Personal finance software helps you balance your chckbook and manage your finances.
What are the advantages of structures of C language?
we can create a program which is useful for others and can resolve the problem in less time
If you're talking about "traditional" AI programming languages like LISP and Prolog, the essential difference boils down to the language's ruling metaphor.
Most standard programming languages operate on a principle of sequential and/or branching instruction execution.
OTOH, the LISt Processing language (LIST) encourages its programmers to view everything (all solutions to programming problems) in the form of one or many lists.
Prolog is perhaps the furthest evolution to date away from the standard, sequential-instruction programming model: in Prolog, the programmer does not explicitly spell out the sequence of operations (a.k.a., "procedure," hence "procedural languages") needed to solve a problem; instead, the problem is simply declared (hence, "declarative language"), and the language itself (or rather the engine implementing it) seeks out the solution.
Nowadays, though, you'll find AI being implemented in any number of standard procedural languages -- C++, Java, even scripting languages like Perl and Python.
Types of programming languages their merits and demerits?
Binary-Incredibly fast and difficult, just 1s and 0s.
Assembly-Very fast and a tiny bit less difficult, it's still incredibly hard to understand.
Compiled-Easy-ish to understand, fast, and reliable, good for big projects.
Byte-Code-Easy, medium-fast and reliable, also good for big projects.
Interpreted-Very easy, will take you a day or 2 to learn the basics, very useful for math class ;).
Markup-A newborn baby could code this with ease, just for static webpages mostly.
What is the disadvantages of a stock control system?
There are almost as many disadvantages of a stock control system as there are advantages. The disadvantages of a stock control system are: expense, staff training is needed, incoming stock updates can be forgotten, equipment breakdown, and breakages and theft must be accounted for to keep stock levels accurate.
Shell script to check if a string is a palindrome?
len=0
i=1
echo -n "Enter a String: "
read str
len=`echo $str | wc -c`
len=`expr $len - 1`
halfLen=`expr $len / 2`
while [ $i -le $halfLen ]
do
c1=`echo $str|cut -c$i`
c2=`echo $str|cut -c$len`
if [ $c1 != $c2 ] ; then
echo "string is not palindrome"
exit
fi
i=`expr $i + 1`
len=`expr $len - 1`
done
echo "String is Palindrome"
What does Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code mean?
Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code is a programming language developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz in the mid-1960s at Dartmouth College, commonly called by its acronym, BASIC.
Sourcebasic simple programming language" class='external' title="http://www. s.com/topic/basic simple programming languageYou are comparing two entirely unrelated units of measure. You might as well ask how many days there are in PI for all the sense it makes to compare minutes to megabytes.
circle,whirl,first,birds,twirl, those are some ir words
What is the job title of a person who writes and test computer programs?
The person who writes a computer program is called a programmer.
Programmers also typically handle some part of testing, the so-called unit test. Unit testing involves testing a small unit of code in relative isolation, and not necessarily as part of a complete and much larger system.
The person who designs the computer program and its chief principles and algorithms is called a software designer or software architect.
The general term for programmers and architects is software engineer.
The person testing a whole program, within the complete infrastructure, with different operating system versions or user languages, use-cases and whichever other important variation the program is expected to handle, is called a software test engineer or system test engineer.
In larger organizations, one (or more) people are responsible for each of these roles. In smaller organizations, programmer and architect are often the same person, but it is always preferable to have different person design and execute the system testing. In very small organizations, a single person may have to handle all these tasks.
What are subscripts in c language?
Subscripts are used when accessing arrays. An array is a contiguous block of memory containing two or more elements of the same type. Since each element is the same length, it is trivial to work out the offset address of one element relative to another using a zero-based index. For any type T, the type T[n] is an array of Ts with indices in the range 0 to n-1. We can also create arrays at runtime by allocating sufficient memory on the heap for the given type:
void f(int n) {
if (n<1) return; // cannot allocate 0 elements!
int* ptr = malloc (n * sizeof(int)); // allocate memory for n integers
if (ptr!=0) return; // ensure memory was allocated!
ptr[0] = 42; // use subscript operator to assign a value to the first element
// assign to other elements...
// use array...
free (ptr); // release memory as soon as we're finished with it
}
What are the emerging trends of system analysis and design?
A challenge that is faced in systems analysis and design is that the instructors who are chosen to train in the field are often inexperienced. Older, knowledgeable individuals are often overlooked for instructor positions.
When loops are nested does one loop have to end before the other begins?
If one loop ends before the next begins then they are not nested at all -- they are completely independent. To be nested, one loop must contain the other loop in its entirety. That is, the inner, nested loop must start and end within the outer, containing loop.
Nested loop example (in C++):
for( int x = 0; x < 10; ++x ) // outer loop
{
for( int y = 0; y < 10; ++y ) // inner loop (nested loop)
{
printf( "%d x %d = %d\r\n", x, y, x*y );
} // end of inner loop
} // end of outer loop
How many locations of memory can you address with 16-bit address?
each line can address two bits, so 2^14 = 16384 locations
Write a program to calculate GPA in C plus plus?
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
cout << endl << "Please enter all the grades you wish to use for your GPA." << endl;
cout << endl << "When you have finished, enter N to indicate that you have no more grades." << endl;
cout << endl << "The highest acceptable grade is 100%, if you got higher than this congratulations but please enter only 100 as grade." << endl;
cout << endl;
float Grade = 0;
int NumClass = 0;
const int Stop = -1;
float GPAVal = 0;
float TotGPAVal = 0;
float GPA = 0;
string SemName;
while (SemName != -1)
{
cout << "Please enter name of the semester of grades you want to enter." << endl;
cin >> SemName;
cout << SemName << endl;
do {
cout << endl << "Please enter grade: ";
cin >> Grade;
if ( Grade <=100 && Grade >= 90 )
{
GPAVal = 4.0;
cout << "Grade: " << Grade << "%; GPA Value: 4.0" << endl;
TotGPAVal = TotGPAVal + GPAVal;
}
else if ( Grade < 90 && Grade >= 80 )
{
GPAVal = 3.0;
cout << "Grade: " << Grade << "%; GPA Value: 3.0" << endl;
TotGPAVal = TotGPAVal + GPAVal;
}
else if ( Grade < 80 && Grade >= 70 )
{
GPAVal = 2.0;
cout << "Grade: " << Grade << "%; GPA Value: 2.0" << endl;
TotGPAVal = TotGPAVal + GPAVal;
}
else if ( Grade < 70 && Grade >= 60 )
{
GPAVal = 1.0;
cout << "Grade: " << Grade << "%; GPA Value: 1.0" << endl;
TotGPAVal = TotGPAVal + GPAVal;
}
else if ( Grade < 60 && Grade >= 0 )
{
GPAVal = 0.0;
cout << "Grade: " << Grade << "%; GPA Value: 0.0" << endl;
TotGPAVal = TotGPAVal + GPAVal;
}
else if ( Grade = Stop )
{
GPA = (TotGPAVal / NumClass);
cout << endl<< "Your overall GPA, after " << NumClass << " courses, is " << GPA << "." << endl << endl;
}
NumClass = NumClass + 1;
}
while (( Grade >= 0 ) && ( Grade <=100 ));
if (SemName = -1)
{
cout << "Thank you for using this program!" << endl;
}
}
return (0);
}
What is vulnerability of web based application?
If you are talking about a cloud system type thing, than you should know that many of the algorithims in the security of the system are... faulty at times. If you mean more like a data base, than you've got your normal blue collar hackers, and a few java script geniuses who can cut through your defenses and any security. The issue with .NET programming is more along the lines of people editing your application, putting it back up on the internet, with your name embedded in it, and then having viruses, and mal ware, and issues that fall into your hands eventually. these are NOT huge, but risks
What is software interrupt with examples?
Interrupt generated by executing an instruction is called software interrupt. It's also called 'trap'. Software interrupts are generally used to make system calls i.e. to request operating system to perform an I/O operation or to run a new program.
Examples:
C++:
- A cout or cin statement would generate a software interrupt because it would make a system call to print something.
- A fork() statement in Linux would generate a software interrupt because it would make a system call to create a new process.
Assembly IA32:
- The instruction int 21h would generate a software interrupt which would request something from operating system (depending on the register values).
What is the complexity of insertion sort?
The complexity of Insertion Sort is O(n^2). This is the same complexity as Bubblesort, but is more efficient (quicker). However, it is unsuitable for large data sets which are best handled using an Introsort with O(n log n) complexity.
How do you know if you have malware?
Signs of malware include slow website performance, unexpected redirects, unknown pop-ups, unauthorized changes to your site content, or your site getting blacklisted by Google. A sudden drop in traffic or security warnings in Google Search Console are also strong indicators. Regular malware scans, monitoring tools, and keeping your CMS and plugins updated are essential for early detection and protection. Ignoring these signs can damage both your SEO rankings and user trust.
Binary Codes (0s & 1s) are ways that represent how signals are interpreted on Storage devices.
Therefore Binary codes are different for various types of Media available.
i.e. Magnetic Orientations (North or South Pole) represents binaries on Magnetic Platter based HDDs
Pits & Lands represents binaries on Optical Media (CDs & DVDs)
How do passwords and usernames work and how are they encrypted?
A username is an account set up by a computer administrator. An administrator has full access of the data stored and can do such things as add or remove software. A username is good because it allows multiple people to use the same computer but at the same time restricting access if desired. Passwords are group of characters that are encrypted to prevent or slow down access to unwanted users. Most PC user do not have the software like ophcrack to hack and obtain passwords.
Applications of binary to GRAY code converter?
gray code is one which changes one bit at a time but binary code is one which changes one or more bit at a time. for example three bit binary and gray code the left one is binary and the right one is gray code.
binary gray
000 000
001 001
010 011
011 010
100 110
101 111
110 101
111 100
000 000
What is programming flowchart?
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int z[10];
int love;
for(int y=0;y<=9;y++)
{
printf("Input %d:",y+1);
scanf("%d", &z[y]);
}
for(int a=0;a<=9;a++)
for(int b=0;b<a;b++)
for(int d=a;d>b;d--)
if(z[b]>z[d]){
love=z[b];
z[b]=z[d];
z[d]=love;
}
printf("\nResult: ");
for(int c=0;c<=9;c++){
printf("%d\t",z[c]);
}
getch();
}
