Computer Programming

THE PARTS OF THE MICROPROCESSOR ARE;

a) CORE

b) CODE CACHE

c) INSTRUCTION DECODER AND PREFETCH UNIT

d) BRANCH PREDICTOR

e) INTEGER ALU (arithmetic and logic unit)

f) REGISTERS

g) EXECUTION UNIT

h) 32-BIT BUSES

i) FLOATING POINT UNIT

j) DATA CACHE

k) PRIMARY CACHE

l) BUS INTERFACE

m) 64-BIT BUSES

Boundry of circle is called circumference.

C was developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT &T's Bell Laboratories of USA in 1972.

There is no such thing as the product of just one number, a product is when 2 or more numbers are multiplied. The product of a number and another number means the answer you get when you multiply the two.

COBOL is a business-oriented language that has a strong support for files, e.g., reading a file; performing any file operation is much simpler in COBOL than in other languages, such as C/C++. It has many built-in commands, e.g., edit-picture clause, redefines, rename facility, that are very useful for businesses.

Octal (base 8) and hexadecimal (base 16) are simply shorthand notations for binary sequences. We can actually use any base that is a power of 2 (including base 4, base 32, base 64, and so on) as a shorthand for binary, but we use octal and hexadecimal because they are fairly easy to work with.

If we look at base 4 first, we can better understand the relationship between binary and all other bases that are a power of 2. Base 4 only uses 4 symbols, 0, 1, 2 and 3. In binary these would be represented by 00, 01, 10 and 11 respectively. Thus a single base 4 digit can be used in place of every two binary digits, essentially halving the length of any binary sequence.

Base 8 (octal) uses 8 symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. In binary that is 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111. Thus a single octal digit can be used in place of every 3 binary digits, reducing the length of a binary sequence by two-thirds.

Similarly, base 16 (hexadecimal) uses 16 digits, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, c, d, e and f, and each digit can represent 4 binary digits. By the same token a single base 32 digit represents 5 binary digits, while a single base 64 digit represents 6 binary digits, and so on.

Since octal notation splits a binary sequence into groups of three bits, it is ideal when the number of bits is a multiple of 3, such as in a 24-bit system. That is, a 24-bit sequence (with 24 digits), can be reduced to an octal sequence of just 8 digits.

And since hexadecimal notation splits a binary sequence into groups of 4 bits, it is ideal when the number of bits is a multiple of 4, such as in a 32-bit system. Again, a 32-bit sequence (with 32 digits) can be reduced to a hexadecimal sequence of just 8 digits.

We predominantly use hexadecimal as a shorthand notation for binary numbers because a byte is typically 8-bits long, thus we only need two hexadecimal digits to represent all possible values in a byte. A single hexadecimal digit therefore represents half a byte, which we affectionately call a nybble.

You may well ask why we don't just use decimal notation as a shorthand for binary sequences and save us humans all the hassle of translating altogether. After all, if computers can be programmed to translate hexadecimal and octal notation into their native binary, then surely they can also be programmed to do the same for decimal. In actual fact they can and do. But when presented with a long sequence of binary such as:

01111101010011010110010011110100

it's much easier to split the sequence into groups of 4 digits and assign a single hex digit to each than it is to work out what the decimal equivalent would be. In this case the binary number splits as follows:

0111 1101 0100 1101 0110 0100 1111 0100

Then we can assign each group its hexadecimal equivalent:

7 D 4 D 6 4 F 4

Thus the hexadecimal value is 7D4D64F4.

In decimal we would have to write the value 2,102,224,116 instead. While this is only 2 digits longer than the hexadecimal (if we remove the comma separators), it takes a lot longer to work it out (I cheated and used a calculator). Hexadecimal is not only a much simpler conversion (you can easily do it in your head), it also works in reverse to reveal the original binary value. Remember that we don't really care what the decimal value is -- all we're really interested in is the binary value and how we can notate it as quickly as possible using as few symbols as possible. And counting up to 16 is really not much more difficult than counting up to 10.

Although it can take a bit of practice getting used to hexadecimal notation, it quickly becomes second nature, and you'll soon be counting in all sorts of bases besides base 10. You already do, in fact. The 24-hour clock is intrinsically sexagesimal, so you've been marking time in base 60 all this time (pun intended) without even realising it. The only reason it is base 60 is because it is the lowest number that is evenly divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The ancient Sumerians knew this 5,000 years ago. It's also the reason why circles have exactly 360 degrees.

Answer If it weren't for computer languages where would we be today. Can you imagine writing a program as simply as writing a sentence instead of using computer language, it would be impossible. CD/delete means one thing, CD:/change direction and if the double dots aren't there the computer won't recognise the command. That's why so many people especially Computer Programmers spend years in Schools learning computer language so that the every day joe can't do their jobs.

It is possible to have more than one instance of the same class, because the class is simply the blue print for the actual object.

A CUI (Console User Interface) is quicker and easier to make since it does not require all of the necessary initialization requirements that programs working in a windowed environment need.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

float f1,*Ptr1,*Ptr2;

ptr1 = &fl;

ptr2 = (&fl+1);

printf("%u",(char *)ptr2-(char *)ptr1);

getch();

}

Drivers provide an interface between low level hardware (mouse, keyboard, printer, etc.) and the application software that uses them. Drivers normally operate within the operating system kernel, which is a protected area of the system. Poorly written drivers can cause full system crashes more readily than regular applications, since they have access to very important and sometimes complex parts of the system. Many a blue screen of death have been wrongfully blamed in Microsoft, when a poorly written 3rd party driver was at fault.

A potential job title for Alana in the programming and software development pathway could be Software Engineer. This role involves designing, coding, testing, and maintaining software applications. Other possible titles include Web Developer, Mobile App Developer, or Software Developer, depending on her specific interests and skills in the field.

Quite simply, an inner class is one class within another. Typically the inner class will be a private inner class, and will only be used by the outer class.

class MyOuterClass {

class MyInnerClass {

}

}

void main() { int a,b; clrscr(); printf("\n\n\t\tenter any two nos..."); scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); a=a+b; b=a-b; a=a-b; printf("\n\n\t\tvalue of a=",a); printf("\n\n\t\tvalue of b=",b); getch(); }

A language that allows you to combine high-level programming with low-level programming. C and C++ are generally regarded as being mid-level languages.

An algorithm is a set of instructions that a computer follows, generally to accomplish one specific task. These tasks can range from sorting a set of numbers to finding the greatest common denominator of two numbers.

Variable-declaration is:

extern int x;

extern double y;

extern char a;

Variable-definition is:

int x;

static double y;

auto char a;

Variable-definition with initialization is:

int x = 1;

static double y= 2.3;

auto char a = 'w';

John Backus, who died March 17 of this year, led the team that developed Fortran at IBM in 1954.

Computer scientists and mathematicians commonly use algorithms. However, this is only in the strictest sense. An algorithm is simply a process or set of rules to be followed in problem-solving situations. If you're tired and need some coffee, you follow an algorithm to solve that problem: going to the machine, putting in grounds, putting in water, putting a cup or carafe below the spot, hitting the proper buttons, etc. Without algorithms, daily life for every person in the world would be very difficult--it would be like performing every action for the very first time.

The Recordset was not XML-based and could not be serialized to XML easily or flexibly.

Finally, a Recordset was not independent of a data store because it tracked a Connection object

and through its methods could send queries to the data source to populate, update,

and refresh its data.

To that end, the Recordset contained functionality found in the ADO.NET DataSet,

data reader, and data adapter objects.

Similar to the DataSet, a Recordset could be disconnected from its data store

and therefore act as an in-memory cache of data.

Of course, it could also be used in a connected model depending on the cursor options that were set.

Although the Recordset object stored multiple versions of each column for each of its rows,

it was not by nature able to represent multiple tables without the use of the Data Shape Provider.