Computer Programming

Source code. Source code can be written in a high-level like C++, or in a low-level language like assembly. Machine code can also be considered source code if that's what was originally used to write the code, but it is not considered human-readable. In order to read machine code in a human-readable form it must be disassembled, but you cannot reproduce the original source code.

Developing software using an open-source model is becoming increasingly popular. The main advantages that open-source software has over proprietary (closed-source) software are:

* Lower development cost. Individuals and smaller companies may aid in developing the software, reducing the number of programmers you have to pay yourself. * Bug detection and correction. With more people viewing your code from more diverse backgrounds, bugs will be found and fixed faster. This is often referred to as "Linus' Law": 'Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow." * Reuse of code and shorter development time. Code from an older or different project can be incorporated into your new project, reducing the time it takes to create and develop it. * More independence. With a closed source project, you will have great problems if the developer goes out of business and you need your software updated or fixed. With the code open, any company can step in to fill the void. There may be some disadvantages to open-source software from a development perspective, though rarely any from the end-user perspective. The main problems are:

* Disclosure of trade secrets. Having the code for a program available implies revealing how it works. This includes disclosure of algorithms and how a device with a unique design might function. Revealing this information to others may cause duplication and loss of financial advantage. * Loss of revenue through traditional sales. If the source is available, then it is unlikely that consumers will pay a large amount for a CD or license. Revenue must instead be garnered through support agreements and OEM customization.

A pentagon has five sides. A decagon has ten sides. A heptagon has seven sides. A octagon has 8 sides.

Awareness of a wider variety of programming language features can reduce limitations in software development.

Almost any computer language can do GUI manipulations if provided by a GUI library. Some can be add-ons because the language itself does not have a direct method of doing GUI drawing, etc.

Languages such as C and C++ for example do not have a native GUI interface because they are not tied directly to a machine architecture or to an operating systems platform. However, that is not to say that they cannot do GUI manipulations; it just isn't built into the language, but there are 3rd party add-ons that do the manipulations for you.

Other languages, such as C# and Java, have built-in gUI libraries that work the same way regardless of the Operating System they are on. In that way they support GUI operators natively, without the use of an add-on GUI library.

The parallel port was mainly created to be able to send data to a printer. As time passed, it was used for other things, like transferring data between computers with software, or to attach a tape drive. It is called a parallel port because there are at least 8 pins carrying data at the same time, thus enabling it to transmit entire bytes at a time. In a serial port, the data is sent lengthwise, one bit at a time.

The assembly part of a compiler is at the back end of the build process. A build process takes instructions from a programming language and converts them into machine instructions. When you need to make machine instructions for a machine that is different than the type you are programming on you need a cross compiler. For instance, if you have a PC with an Intel X86 and you want machine instructions for an Xbox with a PowerPC inside then you would need to cross compile. You could take some intermediate output from your compilation process on the PC and use a cross assembler to make PowerPC instructions. Thus you would be using a cross assembler.

The Scope of a variable defines the areas of a program where this variable would be visible and can be used. For ex:

a. Method variables - are visible only inside the method where they are declared and hence their scope is only the method

b. Class variables - are visible inside the class and can be used by any method inside the class and hence their scope is the whole class.

In computing, a process is a running instance of a program, including all variables and other state. A multitasking operating system switches between processes to give the appearance of simultaneous execution, though in fact only one process can be executing at once per CPU core. A process is the active element in a computer. Terminals, files, and other I/O devices communicate with each other through processes. Thus, network communications is interprocess communications (that is, communication between processes).

"millions of instructions per second", when referring to it as a benchmark. the processor architecture, however, doesn't really stand for anything. some computing enthusiasts will sarcastically say it stands for "meaningless indication of processor speed" because it is used so rarely and doesn't necessarily indicate a good mix of instructions that normal users will commonly use. FLOPS is a more common, and more useful, benchmarking number because it uses floating point operations, which tend to take much more computation time.

.model small

.stack 64

.data

n1 db 08h,02h

res db ?

.code

mov ax,@data

mov ds,ax

mov cx,02

lea si,n1

mov bl,0ffh

mine:mov al,[si]

cmp al,bl

jne loop1

jmp loop2

loop1:jnc loop2

mov bl,al

inc si

loop mine

jmp exit

loop2:inc si

loop mine

exit:mov res,bl

hlt

end

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Your question is actually flawed...binary system is not used in digital systems... Rather, systems using binary numbers only are called digital systems...

It is common knowledge that, digital electronics employs just 2 states (or rather numbers, as mathematicians put it...) the two numbers being '0' and '1'.

Obviously, it is easier to design electronic systems dealing with just 2 states...It's majorly this ease, that led to such exponential development in the field of digital electronics. It ios also cheaper to make or produce such systems...

Only the designers Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie can answer this question. But I would guess it was because of the handy notation on the drawing board to represent the concept of BEGIN and END.

I Want the Java Coding For Creating Phone Bill & Customer Name & Her Details, Plz Send The Coding For Creating Phone Bill,

Thank You

Regards

Suresh

These days very few programs are written in assembly language. Some parts of operating system kernels are written in assembly language usually because they need to perform some function very specific to a particular microprocessor architecture. Other programs written in assembly language include programs written for very cheap microprocessors in embedded systems. Such systems have very little resources and do not run operating system and compilers. Finally some specific parts of applications programs may be written in assembly language for performance optimization, but examples of those today are quite rare indeed.

A computer programmer's typical day will include checking the current list of assigned defects and enhancements, performing code changes, reviewing code changes of peer or junior developers, and perform limited tests of code that they or their team has changed. Often they will attend meetings where project goals are discussed, defects are assigned, and potential issues are addressed. Here's a specific example. When I get to work, I check my work email to see if I have any defects assigned to me. I will review these defects, and consult with the qa person who entered them, or my team lead who assigned them. I will then start either on the new defects, or continue work on the one I was on before. Once I have finished working on it, and have performed enough unit tests to give myself confidence that the code fix works, I will check the changes into our source code control system, and mark the defect as "fixed." I will then move to the next defect. Sprinkle web surfing, talking with coworkers, and general goofing off liberally to the above description.

all roses are flowers.

No bird has four legs.

There is a lot of information out on the web now. About a variety of languages. I would recommend to just jump in and start with the basics. C++ is a really easy one to start with. If you know someone in the field talk to them for advice. and of course there is always college.

"Little Endian" means that the lower-order byte of the number is stored in memory at the lowest address, and the high-order byte at the highest address. For example, a 4 byte Integer

Byte3 Byte2 Byte1 Byte0

will be arranged in memory as follows:

Base Address+0 Byte0

Base Address+1 Byte1

Base Address+2 Byte2

Base Address+3 Byte3

Intel processors (those used in PC's) use "Little Endian" byte order.

"Big Endian" means that the high-order byte of the number is stored in memory at the lowest address, and the low-order byte at the highest address. The same 4 byte integer would be stored as:

Base Address+0 Byte3

Base Address+1 Byte2

Base Address+2 Byte1

Base Address+3 Byte0

Motorola processors (those used in Mac's) use "Big Endian" byte order.

int sum = 0;

int i;

for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) {

sum += i;

}