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Computer Programming

A category for questions about computer programming and programming languages.

10,506 Questions

What is an Program compilation?

That means to convert the original program - the source code, written by a programmer - into machine language, or into an intermediate form, for example, Java bytecode in the case of Java.

That means to convert the original program - the source code, written by a programmer - into machine language, or into an intermediate form, for example, Java bytecode in the case of Java.

That means to convert the original program - the source code, written by a programmer - into machine language, or into an intermediate form, for example, Java bytecode in the case of Java.

That means to convert the original program - the source code, written by a programmer - into machine language, or into an intermediate form, for example, Java bytecode in the case of Java.

What is the Significance of Software Testing?

Software engineering is the discipline of designing, writing, testing, implementing and maintaining software. It forms the basis of operational design and development of virtually all computer systems. The discipline extends to application software on personal computers, connectivity between computers, operating systems and includes software for micro-controllers, small computers embedded in all types of electronic equipment.

Without software engineering, computers would have no functionality. Although hardware is just as important, no software means no computers. It is a fundamental part of today's information systems and engineering and our lives would be very different without it.

Is there a perfect programming language?

High-level of abstraction with low-level efficiency. Such languages already exist, but none are "perfect" in every situation. That's one of the reasons we have so many languages at our disposal. It would be impractical to combine them into a single language, you simply choose the best tool for the job at hand.

What are the disadvantages and advantages of prototyping over system development life cycle?

Basically speaking, there are five advantages that prtotyping could bring about.

1) Provides functionality and interactions. Static high-fidelity mockup and wireframe are unable to convey animation. But a prototyping with interaction can do it pretty well.

2) Make actual communication with your boss, stockholders and users. The communication is necessary, the more they understand your design, the bigger the chance you can buy them in.

3) Detect errors earlier and save time and money. Trust me, any mistakes cost you less in prototyping stage than to be found in the later development stage.

4) Enhance collaboration within your team members internal. It can improve efficiency largely.

5) Involve user feedback and help to do multiple-test. It’s a key factor to iterate and update.

So, it's necessary to make prototypes before you develop actual products or websites. When it comes to prototyping, I would like to share one tool with you: Mockplus Cloud.

Mockplus Cloud - Connect your entire product design workflow.

As a brand-new collaboration tool for designers and developers, it goes far beyond design and workflow—allowing mobile designers to create masterpieces. It allows you to upload your wireframes and visual designs from Photoshop, AdobeXD, and Sketch, and add them to your project folder.

A full set of features about prototyping, commenting, collaborating and design handoff enable you to create a product from the start to finish.

Hopefully, this helps.

Algorithm to find factorial using functions?

factorial using recursion style in c++ is

unsigned int fact(unsigned int a)

{

if (a<=1)

return 1;

else

{

f*=fact(a-1);

return a;

}

}

when using looping structure factorial is

unsigned int fact (unsigned int n)

{

unsigned int i,f=1;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

f*=i ;

return f;

}

Advantage and disadvantage of graphical user interface?

A graphical user interface (GUI) provides a more natural way for a user to communicate with a computer, through the use of pictures clickable menus, file folders, icons and many other more natural methods of being able to get your job done. When compared to a Cmmand line interface (CLI) there is a much smaller learning curve to get the job done.

Difference between encapsulation and abstraction?

Encapsulation means hiding something, so you don't know anything about it, not even whether it exists or not.

Abstraction means vague, you may know what it is or expect what it will be and thus behave, but not exactly. And you don't know how it (the object) is implemented in details.

In a more compact context, encapsulation is referring to hiding data members (or attributes) and their types from outsiders, while abstraction means to define the interface or behaviors of an object (the APIs). You know the method signatures (the contracts), but you don't know anything about the implementation.

In a header file whether functions are declared or defined?

Ideally, functions should only be declared in a header and defined in a translation unit (source file) that includes the header. However, trivial functions are often defined in a header as they are usually good candidates for inline expansion, but you must remember to declare the function inline. Often it is better to forward declare inline functions so that maintainers are not distracted by the implementation details which can be placed towards the end of the header, out of the way. However, a definition is also a declaration, so forward declaring an inline function is not a requirement unless there is a cyclic dependency issue where a forward declaration is necessary to break the cycle.

Passing two dimensional arrays into functions in C programming?

The correct way in C++ is to not use arrays, but to use vectors instead. You can then pass vector references to your function just as you would pass references to any other object types.

If you choose to use arrays rather than vectors, then you must pass a reference to the first element in each array, along with the number of elements in each array, just as you would have to if you were writing for C rather than C++.

Advantages of RSA algorithm in encryption and decryption of a plain text?

RSA's biggest advantage is that it uses Public Key encryption. This means that your text will be encrypted with someone's Public Key (which everyone knows about). However, only the person it is intended for can read it, by using their private key (which only they know about). Attempting to use the Public Key to decrypt the message would not work. RSA can also be used to "sign" a message, meaning that the recipient can verify that it was sent by the person they think it was sent by.

Write a program in c to implement the depth first traversal?

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

class graph

{

private:int n;

int **a;

int *reach;

int *pos;

public:graph(int k=10);

void create();

void dfs();

void dfs(int v,int label);

int begin(int v);

int nextvert(int v);

};

void graph::graph(int k)

{

n=k;

a=new int *[n+1];

reach=new int[n+1];

pos=new int [n+1];

for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)

pos[i]=0;

for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)

a[j]=new int[n+1];

}

void graph::create()

{

for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)

{

cout<<"Enter the "<<i<<"th row of matrix a:

";

for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)

cin>>a[i][j];

}

for(int k=1;k<=n;k++)

reach[k]=0;

}

void graph::dfs()

{

int label=0;

for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)

if(!reach[i])

{

label++;

dfs(i,label);

}

cout<<"

The contents of the reach array is:

;

for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)

cout<<reach[j]<<" ";

}

void graph::dfs(int v,int label)

{

cout<<v<<" ";

reach[v]=label;

int u=begin(v);

while(u)

{

if(!reach[u])

dfs(u,label);

u=nextvert(v);

}

}

int graph::begin(int v)

{

if((v<1)&&(v>n))

cout<<"Bad input

";

else

for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)

if(a[v][i]==1)

{

pos[v]=i;

return i;

}

return 0;

}

int graph::nextvert(int v)

{

if((v<1)&&(v>n))

cout<<"Bad input

";

else

for(int i=pos[v]+1;i<=n;i++)

if(a[v][i]==1)

{

pos[v]=i;

return i;

}

return 0;

}

void main()

{

clrscr();

int x;

cout<<"Enter the no of vertices:

";

cin>>x;

graph g(x);

g.create();

cout<<"dfs is.....";

g.dfs();

getch();

}

Advantages of CUI and GUI?

CUI and GUI are acronyms that stand for different kinds of user interface systems. These are terms used in reference to computers. CUI stands for Character User Interface while GUI refers to Graphical User Interface. Though both are interfaces and serve the purpose of running the programs, they differ in their features and the control they provide to the user.

How do you write algorithm to print first ten even numbers?

Maybe not the most elegant way but it works.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int count = 0;

int number = 2;

while(count < 10) { int c=0;

for(int i = 2; i < number ; i++)

{

if (number%i == 0)

{

c=1;

break;

}

}

if(c==0)

{

System.out.print(number + " ");

count++;

}

number++;

}//end of while

} //end of main

} //end of class

What skills do you need for an IT job?

The most accessible skill one needs in order to get a career in technical services is the ability to produce products using multiple programming languages. The most common language you would need is Java, well other customers will ask for graduates with C#, NET, and open source knowledge.

What advantages do a wireless network have over a dial-up network?

A wireless network usually refers to a Local Area Network (LAN), for example all of the computers in your home. A dial-up network usually refers to the method in which you connect to the Internet through your Internet Service Provider (ISP).

An example using both would be that you have a wireless router at home that connects to a dial-up modem, which allows all of your home computers to share a single Internet connection.

How HTML language differ from programming language?

While markup is only used to do markup (strangely enough), to mark elements as headings, text, images, anchors or whatever. Programming or scripting languages are used to do calculations or different task that basically can make stuff happen.

What takes care of the interaction between a program and a computer's hardware freeing application programmers from the task of including such functions in their programs?

OS or Operating System.

I feel that this question is too specific to be of help to people.

1. What function does an Operation System have besides hardware abstraction?

2. Is the Graphical User Interface part of the OS or not?

3. Anyone else have more questions or ways to elaberate?

What is the Human readable version of a program called?

Source code. Source code can be written in a high-level like C++, or in a low-level language like assembly. Machine code can also be considered source code if that's what was originally used to write the code, but it is not considered human-readable. In order to read machine code in a human-readable form it must be disassembled, but you cannot reproduce the original source code.

What are the features of open source software?

Developing software using an open-source model is becoming increasingly popular. The main advantages that open-source software has over proprietary (closed-source) software are:

* Lower development cost. Individuals and smaller companies may aid in developing the software, reducing the number of programmers you have to pay yourself. * Bug detection and correction. With more people viewing your code from more diverse backgrounds, bugs will be found and fixed faster. This is often referred to as "Linus' Law": 'Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow." * Reuse of code and shorter development time. Code from an older or different project can be incorporated into your new project, reducing the time it takes to create and develop it. * More independence. With a closed source project, you will have great problems if the developer goes out of business and you need your software updated or fixed. With the code open, any company can step in to fill the void. There may be some disadvantages to open-source software from a development perspective, though rarely any from the end-user perspective. The main problems are:

* Disclosure of trade secrets. Having the code for a program available implies revealing how it works. This includes disclosure of algorithms and how a device with a unique design might function. Revealing this information to others may cause duplication and loss of financial advantage. * Loss of revenue through traditional sales. If the source is available, then it is unlikely that consumers will pay a large amount for a CD or license. Revenue must instead be garnered through support agreements and OEM customization.

What has 20 sides?

A pentagon has five sides. A decagon has ten sides. A heptagon has seven sides. A octagon has 8 sides.

What are the disadvantages of having too many features in a language?

Awareness of a wider variety of programming language features can reduce limitations in software development.

Is it possible to have a completely graphical programming language?

Almost any computer language can do GUI manipulations if provided by a GUI library. Some can be add-ons because the language itself does not have a direct method of doing GUI drawing, etc.

Languages such as C and C++ for example do not have a native GUI interface because they are not tied directly to a machine architecture or to an operating systems platform. However, that is not to say that they cannot do GUI manipulations; it just isn't built into the language, but there are 3rd party add-ons that do the manipulations for you.

Other languages, such as C# and Java, have built-in gUI libraries that work the same way regardless of the Operating System they are on. In that way they support GUI operators natively, without the use of an add-on GUI library.

What is the function of a parallel port on a computer?

The parallel port was mainly created to be able to send data to a printer. As time passed, it was used for other things, like transferring data between computers with software, or to attach a tape drive. It is called a parallel port because there are at least 8 pins carrying data at the same time, thus enabling it to transmit entire bytes at a time. In a serial port, the data is sent lengthwise, one bit at a time.

What is the Difference between an assembler and cross assembler?

The assembly part of a compiler is at the back end of the build process. A build process takes instructions from a programming language and converts them into machine instructions. When you need to make machine instructions for a machine that is different than the type you are programming on you need a cross compiler. For instance, if you have a PC with an Intel X86 and you want machine instructions for an Xbox with a PowerPC inside then you would need to cross compile. You could take some intermediate output from your compilation process on the PC and use a cross assembler to make PowerPC instructions. Thus you would be using a cross assembler.