Computer Terminology

You type it. - in a way that is correct, but perhaps not over helpful.

ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Over the life of computers, there have been several standards for encoding letters and numbers into binary strings ('0' and '1'). Early computers only had 4 bits for each character, this has slowly increased to the current 8 bits per character. Each standard has a name, ASCII is the name for the arrangement most commonly used today.

Though that is not quite accurate, first there are two ASCII codes, there is 7-bit ASCII and there is 8-bit ASCII, both with the same name. Also, most people use Microsoft Windows, and Microsoft do not actually follow the ASCII standard completely, some of the characters in Windows are different to ASCII on other platforms. Hence a common name used of 'MS-ASCII' when network technicians need to define which they are using, or converting.

If you have a modern small computer (Desktop, Notebook etc with Windows, Linux or MAC) it uses ASCII already, you do not need to do anything to get it. If you happen to own an IBM mainframe then this uses EBCDIC coding which is different - but the system includes all the code needed to automatically convert files between the various codes for you.

Storing and managing information is an important task of the computer system. Since the information plays an important role in a computer system, its logical and physical characteristics are also a matter of interest as these effect the efficiency of programs using it.

Computer system are comprised of input devices, output devices, processing devices, and storage devices. Input devices would include a keyboard, mouse, microphone, sound card (if it uses a microphone), and read-only storage devices. Output devices would include the video card, monitor, sound card, and speakers. Processing devices would include the CPU, and the FPU. The video and sound cards could be considered processing devices, since they also process images, video, and sound. Storage devices would include ROM, RAM, memory sticks, memory cards, the hard drive, and CD/DVD burners.

data dictionary- Used to store schema descriptions and other information such as design decisions, application program descriptions, user information, usage standards, etc. Active data dictionary is accessed by DBMS software and users/DBA. Passive data dictionary is accessed by users/DBA only.

One possible definition is Remote Display Terminal cable.

Perhaps "dude" is the most random word ever. It can convey a multitude of messages depending on intonation and emphasis. Try it.

Dude! (hammering the first "D") - anger

Dude? (drawing out the "u") - apprehension

Dude! (pronounced more like D-Hoo-d) - excitement

a softcopy

Usually "network computer" refers to a computer whose primary function is to access the network and can't do much else on its own. Sometimes it is a dumb terminal with no processing power of its own, but more often it does have processing capabilities, but still less than a personal or business computer.

Network computers rarely exist outside large corporate networks, where they are generally assigned to very low-level employees with minimal computing needs.

The term "desktop publishing" was invented in 1985, when Aldus released PageMaker 1.0. What we think of as desktop publishing was invented in 1981 by a company called Interleaf. The second publishing program was called FrameMaker. They were both created for the production of documents that are so big they can't be bound in one volume, like the United States Code - which is a FrameMaker file. The programs cost thousands of dollars when they came out, but that was okay because you needed a $25,000 Sun workstation to run them on.

Now, this is really cool: This is a Section of the USA PATRIOT Act...

SEC. 104. REQUESTS FOR MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO ENFORCE PROHIBITION IN CERTAIN EMERGENCIES.

Section 2332e of title 18, United States Code, is amended-- (1) by striking ``2332c'' and inserting ``2332a''; and (2) by striking ``chemical''.

FrameMaker can automatically go to that section of the US Code, and make the amendments specified in the PATRIOT Act. Similarly, if you are the document manager at Boeing and you have to make an edit in the million-page 747 maintenance manual that will show up in five thousand places across a hundred different books including such non-maintenance documents as the Pilot's Operating Handbook, Interleaf will do it in one step. (It's easier to learn how to design the airplane than to learn the program that makes the owner's manual.) Because those programs do what nothing else can, they still sell well.

No. 2.11 GB is much too large. You would need at least three (3) 700 MB CDs to hold that much data.

Revolutions Per Minute for a computer HDD indicates the speed of HDD in terms of the revolutions the HDD platters makes in one minute. Disks rotating at faster speeds can read write/access data from disk faster compared to slower disks.

- Neeraj Sharma

Are you from mmu asking a past year question?

Actually we usually speak of reformatting the hard driveon the computer. The computer's hard drive is the internal drive that has no removable media. On it will be stored the operating system (such as Windows or Unix), most of the applications (programs) you use, plus all kinds of data files. A hard drive is a disk (or set of disks) with a magnetizable coating on which a recording head can write information. Each kind of computer and operating system has its own way of formatting that information, but they all write in concentric circles, grouping the information into smaller blocks or sectors. Before data can be stored on a hard drive (or any magnetic disk, actually), it must be formatted. This process magnetically creates the writeable areas on the disk. To reformat the disk means to recreate these areas, refreshing the disk to a new state. A full format permanently erases everything on the disk as part of the process. A "quick format" may be available, which will not bother to erase everything but will just mark everything as erased, with pretty much the same result. (Custom programs may be able to recover some erased information, but only if it has not yet been overwritten.) Generally, when you reformat a hard drive--at least, the primary drive on the computer--you want to make it bootable, installing on it the components of the operating system that allow you to run your computer.

petabyte.

Unix is a mainframe operating system that was invented at Bell Labs in 1969. Linux is actually a free software (also known as open source) version of the Unix kernel, rewritten from scratch for the 'PC' (x86) hardware standards, with all the improvements that Linus Torvalds felt were needed. The Linux kernel plus the GNU software, creates the base system of what people generally refer to as 'Linux'. Add XWindows and a window manager like GNOME or KDE, and you get desktop 'Linux'.

Linux is one example of "copyleft" software, a concept introduced by Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU project, and the Free Software Foundation. Like copyright, copyleft means no one else can copyright and own a piece of creative work. But where copyright = all rights reserved, copyleft = all rights released (to use, copy, modify, and sell).

Free software systems can be fast evolving systems because the code is open to everyone, and when someone makes an improvement to a program it is shared with the maintainers. If it's good it will be incorporated into future versions of the program, available to all for free. Some 'flavors' of GNU/Linux are packaged and 'sold', but in reality what is being paid for is the service package and tech support of the packaging company, and source code must be provided with all working versions. Linux itself is available for free to anyone with access to the internet. Other reimplementations of unix for x86 include operating systems like the BSD family, Sun's Solaris, and HP Unix.

As a byte is typically a sequence of 8 bits, there are a total of 72 bits in nine bytes.

it gives a break explanation what you want to choose

it is a branch of electronics which deals with the basic circuit principles and their functioning which help us to understand complex circuits to be constructred later. it is with this that one gets to understand many different types of cicuits and connections in the modern electronic gadgets,

This applies to Windows XP and all 32bit or 64bit Windows Operating systems:

32bit Windows Operating systems are made to be used with 32bit motherboard/processors.

All 64bit Windows Operating systems can only be used on a 64bit motherboard/processor and will not work with 32bit motherboard/processor architecture. 64bit Windows Operating Systems is also the only one made to utilize all of the processors on multi core processor (dual core, quad core, etc) systems.

All Windows Operating systems are designed to function with a specific hardware architecture design.

*some 64bit processor/motherboard combinations have a backward compatibility that allow you to use a 32bit operating system on a 64bit system by disabling 32bit. When you operate a 64bit processor in 32 bit mode it turns off some of the processors. This means a dual core will work as a single core, a quad core will work as a dual core (you can never get more the 2 processors to function in 32bit mode, even if there are more then 4 processors on the same processor die.)

Multiuser refers to having more than 1 person able to log into the computer and each person have their own settings (bookmark, desktop, themes, etc) Multitasking is the ability of the computer to do more than 1 thing (program) at a time. There was a time when you could not surf, type in word and listen to music on your computer all at one time.

Multitasking is the ability to operate more than one program at a time. There are two types of multi-tasking as well, preemptive and cooperative. Preemptive means that each program can request the amount of resources it needs, and the operating system will take it from a program that is not using it. Cooperative means that the programs have to be designed to share resources, or whichever program is running in the foreground will get all the resources. This means that a background program, like a media player playing a song, can't play music while you are surfing a web page, unless the programs are designed to do that.

Multi-user means the operating system has clear distinctions between users. Users cannot destroy each other's files, and unprivileged users cannot make changes to the system itself, like install new software.

Single-tasking, single user - DOS, some older versions of the Mac operating system, video game consoles, etc...

Multitasking (cooperative), single user - Windows 3.1, Mac OS 9.

Multitasking (preemptive), single user - Windows 95/98/ME

Multitasking (preemptive), multi-user - Windows NT/2000/Xp/Vista, Mac OS X, Linux

They don't go anywhere, they are still on your hard disk (or fragments of them). When a file is deleted, some or all parts of it are still retrievable in Microsoft Windows. The subject of much anger amongst users who value privacy and security, including me. Go here for more information... http://www.microsuck.com/content/ms-hidden-files.shtml You'll find out all sorts of frightening things about the ubiquitous Windows operating system. It's a real eye-opener. Even if a file is deleted properly, it can still be retrieved using specialist software. Forensic and data recovery specialists are used by large corporations, governments and law enforcement agencies to retrieve valuable data lost by human error, physical disaster, or mechanical failure. So-called deleted files are really not deleted. The pointer to the file's blocks on the hard drive is added to the free-space list in the file directory, and this space, ''may'', eventually, be re-used for new files. Note the "eventually" part: forensic tools can easily recover deleted files with little or no damage. And you thought they were really gone. Nope. There are programs you can use to securely delete specific files or the free space on your hard, such as * Eraser, * BCWipe (http://www.tucows.com/preview/195710.html), * PGP, * Norton Utilities' WipeInfo, or * Cerberus System's Document Security Manager (See http://www.cerberussystems.com/INFOSEC/products/docusec.htm, especially ). Make sure to empty the Recycle Bin first before running these utilities. Oh, and don't forget the '''swap file'''...full images of anything you have run or viewed may still be in the Windows swap file. You need to securely clean that, too. Cerberus has a good tutorial on that: http://www.cerberussystems.com/INFOSEC/tutorial/leaks.htm