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Consumer Electronics

Ask questions here about the electronics you use every day: from phones and computers to kitchen appliances and radios.

4,952 Questions

What is the color code for electricity?

bad boys rape our young girls but violet gives willingly, get some now.

black 0

brown 1

red 2

orange 3

yellow 4

green 5

blue 6

violet 7

gray 8

white 9

gold 5%

silver 10%

none 20%

for resistors and some other components capacitors inductors

Why does the total emf of dry cell in series not equal in the reading of voltmeter?

because in ckt connection there r done some ohmic loss due to the connecting wires and other factor , so voltmeter reading is not equal to its rated reading.

and this also done due to different error like instrument error , measurement error etc...

What is the difference between HDMI 2x 3x 4x 5x etc?

2x, 3x, 4x etc. is the number of HDMI ports.

I got the followin from HDMI.ORG

HDMI is the global standard for connecting high-definition Consumer Electronics and PC products. It's the uncompressed, all-digital interface that delivers both dazzling quality and unmatched ease of use.

HDMI technology provides the highest possible signal to meet the needs of today's - and tomorrow's - HD entertainment systems. With a single cable, it transmits:

  • digital video
  • multi-channel surround sound
  • advanced control data

More than 800 manufacturers have adopted the HDMI standard, including some of the world's most trusted brands.

  • 229 million HDMI-enabled devices shipped in 2008. 300 million are more projected in 2009.
  • Market research from In-Stat projects over a billion HDMI devices in the market by 2010, when every new digital TV will feature at least one HDMI port

HDMI connectivity is already standard on a wide range of products:

  • HDTVs
  • Blu-ray Disc players
  • multimedia PCs
  • gaming systems
  • digital camcorders, and more.

With HDMI connectivity, you get it all. The convenience of a one-cable solution, plus the power and performance of a high-speed digital link. Now and in the future, it's the best way to connect HD.

Which came first the TV or computer?

The television has been available since the 1920s, while the first computer (in the modern sense of the word) was first created in the late 30s-early 40s. The computer, however, wasn't commercially available until 1975 when the Altair 8800 was released.

Is waterproof the same as intrinsically safe?

No they refer to two different features to the electronic device you are considering.. Intrinsically safe basically means your electronic devices circuit board are not going to blow up in certain atmospheres... ie- near other electronic equipment

What are the advantages of a rack mounted plc?

they have expandable memory and they come in cards which just slot into a mounted part

What appliances can you find a LM317 Chip in?

LM317 is a variable-output voltage regulator. I would expect to find it in small home appliances with electronic controls, portable radios, car electronics, cell phone chargers, etc.

If you need to find the chip somewhere to do some repairs, you can probably ask a manufacturer to send you a (free) sample. Otherwise, you can buy small quantities online from places like digi-key.

What are the qualities a electronics professional need to excel in his field?

A: This was asked before and the criteria remains the same a very hi reasoning quality to think concepts and troubleshooting along to know which book to look up for an answer. Nobody knows it all nobody can. To complex, to many fields

Just an addition to the above answer, I agree that choices are broad, but, then its a good thing also. By Identifying your interest area, you can be a master of that one specific field.

The initial step is to know the various specialization in the field of Electronics, having a superficial knowledge of them and then decide, what intrigues you most?.

I hope that part is already covered. Next step might be in the identification of the current direction of the research going on. For this, reading magazine articles are more useful over journals.

I hope this was helpful.

What are the differences among the LED light emitting diode chip manufacturers CREE Epistar Osram etc?

As far as I know, Cree has been in the LED chip manufacturing business for a lot longer than Osram and Philips and other lamp companies that have previously focused on older models like incandescents, halogens, and CFLs. As a result of this advanced engineering, LED bulbs from Cree, or smaller companies that use Cree chips such as LED Waves in NY or ElementaLED in CA, tend to be higher quality and last longer.

What is the difference between diac and diode?

A diode is a component that lets current flow in only one direction. A zener diode has an additional property that current will begin to flow in the reverse direction when a reverse voltage is applied above a certain threshold. This property is generally used for voltage regulation purposes. A diac has similar voltage regulating properties but behaves the same in both directions - current will flow through it when a voltage above it's threshold voltage is applied in either direction. It is therefore useful in AC as well as DC circuits. Below the threshold voltage the diac will be off - no current will flow. A diac is electrically similar to a neon bulb or gas regulator tube.

What is description of bc147 transistor?

This is the European "Pro-electron" numbering system compared with the US JEDEC system (2N etc)

First - Letter

A = Germanium Device
B = Silicon Device
C = Gallium Arsenide

Second - Letter for A/B/C devices

A = small signal diode
C = small signal general purpose transistor (for audio or slow speed switching)
D = power transistor (audio and low frequency applications_
F = small signal RF transistor
T = SCR / Thyristor
U = power transistor for switching applications
Y = rectifier diode

Third + Fourth + Fifth - Unique identifier number

Some manufacturers put some significance on the number. For example Mullard/Philips treated the second digit of 4 meaning NPN Lockfit case and 5 meaning PNP lockfit. Many used 6 for TO92 cases.

An optional letter followed indicating a gain grouping ... typically A being lowest, B middle and C highest

Different manufacturers created similar transistors with different type markings.

e.g. BC107 BC167 all functionally very similar.

So, the BC147 is a Silicon small signal audio transistor with a "Lockfit case" originally manufactured by/for Philips/Mullard. A viable replacement today, if you can't find a 147 is a BC547 If there's a gain grouping letter, you need to match the gain grouping either by a comparable letter, or by testing. Careful with the pinout.

There are a cluster of similar transistors ...

So, the BC147 is one of a cluster of 3 similar transistors ... BC147/148/149. BC147 has ratings of VCE 50, VCB 45 ICMAX 100 hfe 125-500
BC148 has ratings of VCE 30, VCB 20 ICMAX 100 hfe 125-500
BC149 has ratings of VCE 30, VCB 20 ICMax 100 hfe 240-900 Noise 2dB

Lockfit transistor pinout (wideface down)
B
E C

BC547 pinout (flatface down)

E B C


What are the disadvantages of electricity?

1. Electricity can cause pollution if it is generated by fossil fuels, or nuclear energy. It can affect animal life if it is generated by hydroelectric dams or tidal power.

2. Electric devices, circuits, conduits, and transmission lines present a shock hazard to people: those who use it, those who work with it, and those who provide it. Short circuits and sparks also present a fire hazard.

3. High voltage lines are thought to cause hazards to plants, animals and people who live near them, because they produce magnetic and EMF fields.

4. People who have become dependent solely on electricity may be unable to function without it in an emergency.

What if your customer has connected a 100-watt microwave oven and a 600-watt mixer to a 15-amp branch service line for the kitchen what is the actual current draw and will the circuit breaker trip if?

A simple (and I do mean simple) formula is approximately 100 watts per amp. So, 700 watts total equals 7 amps, with 8 amps to spare on the 15 amp circuit breaker.

It's really a bit more complicated than that, considering rms voltage/current equation, but it's close enough for government use. ;)

What does 1-4W and 1-8W means for resistors and do they affect the value of the resistor?

I think you mean 1/4W and 1/8W ratings for resistors. If so, it indicates wattage (power dissipation) ratings for resistors. Basically this specification for resistors shows maximum power that can be allowed to dissipate in the resistor. Wattage does not as such affect the value of resistor (it should remain with in % tolerance value specified when operated within specified wattage).

( P=I^2 x R). or (P = I x V)

P=Power, I = Current, R= Resistance, V = Voltage Once you know the power rating, you can calcutate how much current can be passed through a resistor of specific value without causing a damage to the component or circuit. For long term reliability always it is advisable to design with a margin (for 1/4W or 250mW e.g. design so that it is always certain % less than the rated e.g. operate at 200mW or less) - Neeraj Sharma

SkyScan Atomic clock will not display outside temperature Put in fresh batteries and clock still does not display anything other than 2 dashes?

I had the same thing happen. I replaced the batteries in the outdoor sensor, but just got the two dashes on the clock that should display the outside temperature. After I replaced the batteries in the clock itself, the outside temperature then showed up properly on the clock. I also took all batteries out of both devices and replaced them in the order recommended in the directions on the back of the clock. I hope that helps.

Different between manual and electronic typerwriter?

A manual typewriter cannot have multiple fonts being used at the same time. The cylindrical type heads of a manual typewriter were also replaced with a spherical type ball in the electronic version.