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Database Programming

Databases are collections of tables that maintain and display information, often collaboratively; this information can be used for interaction with an application or gaining general knowledge. Questions about database engines and modifying or using them belong in this category.

8,803 Questions

What are the three fundamental characteristics of data communication system?

Effectiveness of data communication system depends upon three fundamental characteristics 1. Delivery 2. Accuracy 3.Timeliness.

1.Delivery : System must deliver data to correct destination.

2.Accuracy : System must deliver data accurately.

3.Timeliness: System must deliver data in correctly manner.

What is the difference between while loop and for loop in oracle?

You mean PL/SQL? Well, they are different things, read the manual for details.

If you are asked for a URL will an email address do?

no. URL is a web address on the internet. email address is for someone to send you an email. Examples:

http://www.yahoo.com (URL) joesmith@yahoo.com (email address)

A URL is what you put in the address section of an Internet Explorer window, then hit return and you will go to that website. An email address is just for you to receive mail.

Can you access any text you have ever sent from a database?

Yes. You need to call the business that allows you phone service, like Verizon, T-Mobile, and more. They will ask you for information about you cell phone, like the phone number, and personal information. Then they can tell you games you played, calls you made, and texts you made. My brother's money in his account finished quickly so we asked an AT&T database to trace and access what my brother was doing. We were able to find EVERY SINGLE text he made!

Why do data appear many times on a query using access database?

It will depend on the design of your table and your query. If you have done something like brought the table in twice into the design of the query you will get multiple records. There are occasions when you would need to bring in the same table twice, but usually you don't. If you have it in twice it will list records multiple times. Go to the design view of the query and if you see the table there more than once, delete the extra copies of it, so that there is only one. Then design your query and it should be ok.

Is there any function in sql server to return all values of a column seprated by comma you dont want to use loop or sql sever cursor?

CREATE TABLE #T ( ID INT, [NAME] VARCHAR(50) ) INSERT #T SELECT 1, 'Row1' UNION SELECT 2, 'Row2' UNION SELECT 3, 'Row3' UNION SELECT 4, 'Row4' UNION SELECT 5, 'Row5' UNION SELECT 6, 'Row6' UNION SELECT 7, 'Row7' UNION SELECT 8, 'Row8' UNION SELECT 9, 'Row9' UNION SELECT 10, 'Row10' SELECT * FROM #T DECLARE @Values AS VARCHAR(8000) SELECT @Values = '' SELECT @Values = @Values + ISNULL([Name] + ', ', '') FROM #T IF LEN(@Values) > 0 SELECT @Values = LEFT(@VALUES, LEN(RTRIM(@VALUES)) - 1) --Remove trailing comma SELECT @Values AS CommaDelimitedResultSet DROP TABLE #T

What are Passive information systems?

A system, which provides the user with information, but does not allow for that user to alter the information the system contains.

Difference between Schema Master and Global Catalog?

global catalog

The global catalog contains a complete replica of all objects in Active Directory for its Host domain, and contains a partial replica of all objects in Active Directory for every other domain in the forest.

The global catalog is a distributed data repository that contains a searchable, partial representation of every object in every domain in a multidomain Active Directory forest. The global catalog is stored on domain controllers that have been designated as global catalog servers and is distributed through multimaster replication. Searches that are directed to the global catalog are faster because they do not involve referrals to different domain controllers.

In addition to configuration and schema directory partition replicas, every domain controller in a Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 forest stores a full, writable replica of a single domain directory partition. Therefore, a domain controller can locate only the objects in its domain. Locating an object in a different domain would require the user or application to provide the domain of the requested object.

The global catalog provides the ability to locate objects from any domain without having to know the domain name. A global catalog server is a domain controller that, in addition to its full, writable domain directory partition replica, also stores a partial, read-only replica of all other domain directory partitions in the forest. The additional domain directory partitions are partial because only a limited set of attributes is included for each object. By including only the attributes that are most used for searching, every object in every domain in even the largest forest can be represented in the database of a single global catalog server.

schema

All databases have a schema which is a formal definition (set of rules) which govern the database structure and types of objects and attributes which can be contained in the database. The schema contains a list of all classes and attributes in the forest.

The schema keeps track of:

* Classes

* Class attributes

* Class relationships such as subclasses (Child classes that inherit attributes from the super class) and super classes (Parent classes).

* Object relationships such as what objects are contained by other objects or what objects contain other objects.

There is a class Schema object for each class in the Active Directory database. For each object attribute in the database, there is an attributeSchema object.

Schem Master is A FSMO role held by single DC in forest

What are the characteristics of OORDBMS?

OORDBMS stands for an object-oriented database management system. OORDBMS is an object oriented system.

Characteristics from general databases are: orthogonal persistence of data, able to handle large databases, controlled concurrency, restoring or data recovery, and query facility on adhoc basis.

Characteristics from an object oriented basis are: construction of complex objects, identity of an object, feature of classes and types, property of encapsulation, property of inheritance, property of overriding combined with late binding, property of extensibility, and property of computational completeness.

What are example of transaction -processing system?

Payment gateways are used for transaction processing system. Examples are PayU, Emvantage, CCAvenue, PayPal, Ebs etc.

What is the difference between an IXFR query and an AXFR query?

In earlier DNS implementations, any request for an update of zone data required a full transfer of the entire zone database using an AXFR query. With incremental transfer, an alternate query type (IXFR) can be used instead. This allows the secondary server to pull only those zone changes it needs to synchronize its copy of the zone with its source, either a primary or secondary copy of the zone maintained by another DNS server

When you create a query you tell Access what should be used to select the data?

You could be referring to criteria, which can be used to specify what conditions records need to meet to be selected. So you might want to show all people living in a certain region, or all people who were born in a particular year, or all people earning over a certain amount per month. You would set criteria to do these things.

Is MS Access the same as SQL?

No. SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is a language that is used to work with databases. There are different versions of it. MS Access is a database application. It actually has version of SQL in it that you can use in its queries. Certain types of queries in Access can only be created using SQL. Variations of SQL are found in other database applications too.

What is Roles in database environment?

The different five type of roles one can employ in a database environment these are:

1 - Data Administrator

2 - Database Administrator

3 - Database designer

4 - System Analyst/Application Programmer

5 - End users i.e Casual, Naive, Sophisticated and stand alone end users.

What identifies a shortcut icon?

Shortcut icons are the icons that you have on your desk top to open a program of some kind. They are identified by the little black arrow on each icon.

What does the term record mean in a database?

a record is something that you hold data on one specific field consisting of more and you can have as much records you want