Digital Cameras

Electric Light Bulb

411 pictures at the highest resolution - I just bought a sony cybershot and a 2gb card, and my husband was able to look in the menu of the camera to see exactly how many pictures were left.

The invention of photography is subject to some debate. Joseph Nicephore Niepce(1765-1833) created the first photograph on a glass plate using a camera obscura in 1826. His associate Louis Daguerre(1787-1851) invented the worlds first widely used photographic process, known as the Daguerreotype in 1839.

At the same time in England, William Fox Talbot (1800-1877) was attempting to create a permanent record of an image, he announced his calotype process in 1841. The English claim to have truly invented photography since Fox Talbots's was the first negative-positive process from which any number of prints could be made.

Photography at has been one of the many ways of recording moments in time. It holds a certain power of above written word, it leaves more up to interpretations while providing a more sold record of occurences. it also serves as an art form, the world being the canvas and light being to paint.

A digital camera is an input device because it captures information and stores it on the device via the memory card(which is a storage device).

Film and photos are developed in a darkroom.

Photography is used at crime scenes to preserve the natural evidence. For example: if person J was shot in the stomach, but was place laying on the bullet wound, the CSI, person M, would take a picture of how the body lay and how the items were placed around the body before turning it over. Thus, they have photographic evidence.

Autofocus is that great time saver that is found in one form or another on most cameras today. In most cases, it helps improve the quality of the pictures we take.

What is Autofocus?

Autofocus (AF) really could be called power-focus, as it often uses a computer to run a miniature motor that focuses the lens for you. Focusing is the moving of the lens in and out until the sharpest possible image of the subject is projected onto the film. Depending on the distance of the subject from the camera, the lens has to be a certain distance from the film to form a clear image.

In most modern cameras, autofocus is one of a suite of automatic features that work together to make picture-taking as easy as possible. These features include:

Automatic film advance

Automatic flash

Automatic exposure

There are two types of autofocus systems: active and passive. Some cameras may have a combination of both types, depending on the price of the camera. In general, less expensive point-and-shoot cameras use an active system, while more expensive SLR (single-lens reflex) cameras with interchangeable lenses use the passive system.

Active Autofocus

In 1986, the Polaroid Corporation used a form of sound navigation ranging (SONAR), like a submarine uses underwater, to bounce a sound wave off the subject. The Polaroid camera used an ultra-high-frequency sound emitter and then listened for the echo (see How Radar Works for details). The Polaroid Spectra and later SX-70 models computed the amount of time it took for the reflected ultrasonic sound wave to reach the camera and then adjusted the lens position accordingly. This use of sound has its limitations -- for example, if you try taking a picture from inside a tour bus with the windows closed, the sound waves will bounce off of the window instead of the subject and so focus the lens incorrectly.

This Polaroid system is a classic active system. It is called "active" because the camera emits something (in this case, sound waves) in order to detect the distance of the subject from the camera.

Active autofocus on today's cameras uses an infrared signal instead of sound waves, and is great for subjects within 20 feet (6 m) or so of the camera. Infrared systems use a variety of techniques to judge the distance. Typical systems might use:

Triangulation

Amount of infrared light reflected from the subject

Time

For example, this patent describes a system that reflects an infrared pulse of light off the subject and looks at the intensity of the reflected light to judge the distance. Infrared is active because the autofocus system is always sending out invisible infrared light energy in pulses when in focus mode.

It is not hard to imagine a system in which the camera sends out pulses of infrared light just like the Polaroid camera sends out pulses of sound. The subject reflects the invisible infrared light back to the camera, and the camera's microprocessor computes the time difference between the time the outbound infrared light pulses are sent and the inbound infrared pulses are received. Using this difference, the microprocessor circuit tells the focus motor which way to move the lens and how far to move it. This focus process repeats over and over while the camera user presses the shutter release button down half-way. The only difference between this system and the ultrasound system is the speed of the pulse. Ultrasound waves move at hundreds of miles per hour, while infrared waves move at hundreds of thousands of miles per second.

Infrared sensing can have problems. For example:

A source of infrared light from an open flame (birthday cake candles, for instance) can confuse the infrared sensor.

A black subject surface may absorb the outbound infrared beam.

The infrared beam can bounce off of something in front of the subject rather than making it to the subject.

One advantage of an active autofocus system is that it works in the dark, making flash photography much easier.

On any camera using an infrared system, you can see both the infrared emitter and the receiver on the front of the camera, normally near the viewfinder.

To use infrared focusing effectively, be sure the emitter and the sensor have a clear path to and from your subject, and are not blocked by a nearby fence or bars at a zoo cage. If your subject is not exactly in the middle, the beam can go right past the subject and bounce off an undesired subject in the distance, so be sure the subject is centered. Very bright subjects or bright lights can make it difficult for the camera to "see" the reflected infrared beam -- avoid these subjects when possible.

Passive Autofocus

Passive autofocus, commonly found on single-lens reflex (SLR) autofocus cameras, determines the distance to the subject by computer analysis of the image itself. The camera actually looks at the scene and drives the lens back and forth searching for the best focus.

A typical autofocus sensor is a charge-coupled device (CCD) that provides input to algorithms that compute the contrast of the actual picture elements. The CCD is typically a single strip of 100 or 200 pixels. Light from the scene hits this strip and the microprocessor looks at the values from each pixel.

The microprocessor in the camera looks at the strip of pixels and looks at the difference in intensity among the adjacent pixels. If the scene is out of focus, adjacent pixels have very similar intensities. The microprocessor moves the lens, looks at the CCD's pixels again and sees if the difference in intensity between adjacent pixels improved or got worse. The microprocessor then searches for the point where there is maximum intensity difference between adjacent pixels -- that's the point of best focus. Look at the difference in the pixels in the two red boxes above: In the upper box, the difference in intensity between adjacent pixels is very slight, while in the bottom box it is much greater. That is what the microprocessor is looking for as it drives the lens back and forth.

Passive autofocus must have light and image contrast in order to do its job. The image needs to have some detail in it that provides contrast. If you try to take a picture of a blank wall or a large object of uniform color, the camera cannot compare adjacent pixels so it cannot focus.

There is no distance-to-subject limitation with passive autofocus like there is with the infrared beam of an active autofocus system. Passive autofocus also works fine through a window, since the system "sees" the subject through the window just like you do.

Passive autofocus systems usually react to vertical detail. When you hold the camera in the horizontal position, the passive autofocus system will have a hard time with a boat on the horizon but no problem with a flagpole or any other vertical detail. If you are holding the camera in the usual horizontal mode, focus on the vertical edge of the face. If you are holding the camera in the vertical mode, focus on a horizontal detail.

Newer, more expensive camera designs have combinations of vertical and horizontal sensors to solve this problem. But it's still the camera user's job to keep the camera's sensors from being confused on objects of uniform color.

You can see how much area your camera's autofocus sensors cover by looking through the viewfinder at a small picture or a light switch on a blank wall. Move the camera from left to right and see at which point the autofocus system becomes confused.

Asim Sajjad

Two gigabytes can hold different amounts based on the megapixel of the picture and resolution. A 8 megapixel camera taking a high-resolution shot would allow saving 1300 pictures on your card.

computer cams will record sound also provided the computer has a microphone.

Natelee Cocks is an experienced interior photographer based in Dubai, UAE. she is having over 10 years of experience. She has a clean, minimalistic style and attention to intimate details. know more about interior design photographer,interior photographer dubai

when did film photography start?

1884- Flexible Film

With the Eastman dry plate co. and flexible film

1. The Eastman Dry plate company established in 1879. American George Eastman invents and patents a coating machine for mass-producing gelatin dry plates. In 1881 Eastman and a family friend form the Eastman dry plate co, which eventually leads to the Eastman-Kodak Company

2.George Eastman then introduces the "Kodak" box Camera for the amateur market. It is loaded with 100 exposures on a film roll for $25. It is simple to operate with a three-step process. Once exposed, the camera and the film are sent back to the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co. for developing.

Features a wooden box covered in morocco leather with roll holder and revolving exposure indicator.

The marketing slogan, "You press the button, we do the rest"

Despite much speculation the word "Kodak" has no significance or meaning. Eastman simple invented a word that begun and ended with his favorite letter, k.

Frame has several related meanings.

First, the photo frame you buy from the drugstore or department store.

Second, in photo editing it means that a picture is to be cropped and rotated.

Third, it can mean a border around the edges of a photo.

In video, a frame is one photo in the series of photos that create the motion picture. A frame is one image which lasts (typically) 1/30 of a second. 1/15 and 1/8 second are also common.

In 35mm roll film, a frame is one 35mm by 24mm rectangle which is one full sized image or a "full frame." To save film, some compact cameras from the 1950s and 60s used half frame (18mm x 24mm) negatives.

The frame counter counts the number of exposures you have left on a roll of film, or on your digital media.

In summary, the answer depends somewhat on context.

That all depends on where you are talking. If you just mean in general i have no idea. Many stock photo sites will show you the top searchese for photographs on their site. Check these for example: http://www.Smilelikeumeanit.com/stock.html

The rating mAh is a measure of the amount of energy that can be stored in a battery. The higher the number, the more energy can be stored. Assuming that the batteries are the same physical size and have the same nominal voltage, there is no reason why a 1400mAh battery shouldn't be used in place of a 760mAh. The only difference is that the larger battery will last longer between charges than the smaller one.

Yes, acrylic latex paint is a water base. Alkyd is an oil base. You can definitely use acrylic paint to paint your walls. Just make sure it is a high quality interior paint. If you mean 'art paint' when you say 'acrylic' paints, I'm pretty sure that paint is best used on canvases, etc... If you use that particular paint for accents on a wall, just make sure to go over it with a polycrylic.

yes it does matter what film is used, Film have different ISO ratings, ISO is the rating of how sensitive it is to light the higher the number the more sensitive the film is. most common is 400 ISO film for Indoor and Outdoor, 1600 ISO is for faster shutter speeds which is great for Action and fast moving Objects/ Subjects.

Taking the above into account, you also need the correct format. 35mm, 120, and the older 110, 126, 127 disc, etc.

While 35mm and 120 can still be obtained quite easily, most of the others are out of production now. A nasty one is Kodak instant film, after Polaroid sued Kodak for copyright infringement, all cameras and film stock had to be destroyed.

You might find a Kodak instant camera, but you'll never get film for it.

2 megapixel (1,600 x 1,200) {| ! Quality ! File size (kb) ! 64MB ! 128MB ! 256MB ! 512MB! 1GB | High 1,002 61 122 244 523 1,046 Medium 558 109 219 440 940 1,879 Low 278 217 435 868 1,886 3,772 |}

Many portable electronic devices have coatings on them, such as anti-scratch and anti-glare. The best way to repair them is to fill in and build up the scratches, layer-by-layer; using a repair kit that addresses coated plastics. Since coatings refract light differently (tint), results will be determined by the depth and width of the scratch and tint of the coating. I have listed a good source for a scratch filler, called Scratch Pro, which fills in and protects against light abrasions/fuzzy marks. You can also do a search online using the plus symbol in front of fix and scratch and then add the item you want to fix. For example: +fix +scratch (item to be fixed). Or +LCD +scratch +repair etc.

I'm almost positive that your ground wire on the amplifier is loose, check the connection to the amp and then check the connection to the ground on your car, make sure it is tight and corrosion free. If this doesn't work, make sure your ground wire is of heavy guage ( thick). make sure that the ground wire is not any longer than it has to be. Keep in mind when it comes to ground wires the bigger the better. Make sure you have a healthy ground on the car (bare metal or the frame itself). Hope this helps. Shane (vmax33)