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Electronics Engineering
Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.
24,372 Questions
How do you calculate voltage drop in a parallel circuit?
The formula for a simple DC voltage drop across a cable is:
VDrop = Vmeasured at the input of cable - Vmeasured at the output of cable
This formula may seem simplistic however keep in mind that the sensitivity, accuracy and resolution of measuring instrument instrument is what is really important.
If you know the DC current flowing through the cable and the impedance of the cable then you can use Ohm's law. Vdrop = I R where Vdrop is the voltage drop across the cable in volts I is the current flowing through the cable in amperes R is the resistance of the cable in ohms.
ADDITIONAL
Calculation of the voltage drop is given by the formula below
Voltage Drop (Volt) = [(mV/Am)/1000] * I * l
Where mV/Am = millivolt drop per meter per ampere of the cable
(this information is given in the table based on IEE Wiring Regulation)
I = Current in the cable (in Ampere)
l = Distance of cable (in Metre)
See related links below
What is pin configuration of microprocessor 8088?
the pin configuration of a processor means that the diagramatic representation of block diagram of processor representing various pins and the function of that pins
How does a transformer uses induction to transform current?
at first it comes from the source then go to the winding of coil and inside the coil voltage was reduce by magnetism and with this current still flow due to magnetic flux and then come out ti the second winding
In electronics, printed circuit boards, or PCBs, are used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. Alternative names are printed wiring board or PWB or etched wiring board. After populating the board with electronic components, a printed circuit assembly (PCA) is formed. PCBs are rugged, inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. They require much more layout effort and higher initial cost than either wire-wrapped or point-to-point constructed circuits, but are much cheaper, faster, and consistent in high volume production. In chemistry and environmental protection, PCB stands for "polychlorinated biphenyl." This class of chemical was widely used as electrical transformers because it will not burn. It was also used as a plasticiser in caulks and palstic materials. Only very limited uses of PSBs are now permitted in the United States and areas that have been contaminated with PCBs through leaks or less stringent disposal practices of the past oftenrequire extensive cleanup.
Why don't metals conduct electricity?
In a bond of metallic atoms the outer electrons are free to move: they are not attached to any particular atom. Every electron carries an electric charge and when electrons move they take their electrical charge with them wherever they go. When an electrical circuit is formed, electrons are able to move along it and that is how a quantity of electrical charge is carried from one part of a circuit to another. This free electrons are also responsible for the thermal conductivity of metals, as they can easily carry thermal energy throughout the metal.
What cables are resistant to EMI?
Fiber optic cables transfer data signals in the form of light and it is faster than traditional electric cables. It is very helpful in good and speedy communication, network and broadcasting services. Visit americancableassemblies. com or call 413-283-2515 now.
americancableassemblies. com/fiber-optic-cables/optitap/
How do you drop the voltage of a dc motor to slow it down?
You question does not say what size DC motor you are wanting to control, so this answer will have to be generic.
First of all, you DON'T drop the voltage "OF" the DC motor, you drop the voltage "TO" the motor.
The simple answer is to place a "RESISTANCE," or "RESISTOR" in series with the motor. A resistor limits the amount of current flowing through it, and thus the voltage.
If you are talking about the very small DC hobby type motors [designed for 1 to 3 volt inputs], one way would be to use a variable resistor, like a large potentiometer ["pot"], scavanged out of a discarded "old" TV or "old" radio [both "pre" solid state era].
Another trick I've used [requires a lot of trial and error] is to use an assortment of old [but working] incandescent/filiment type light bulbs [small, like from flashlights, Christmas tree bulbs, dial lights from "old" radios and TVs, etc.] as resistors.
You can experiment around with "stacking" these in series to add more resistance, with each addition slowing the motor more. And if even the largest of them slows the motor TOO MUCH, then they can be wired in PARALLEL to decrease resistance, allowing more current flow. As said above, this can require much trial and error, but it can be made to work.
Another method [if using batteries] would be to use fewer batteries in series. This only works for larger voltage motors, like out of 24/18/12/9/7.2 volt motors [like out of cordless drills for example].
As an example, consider using an 18 volt motor. To provide the "normal" 18 volts would require 12 1.5 volt alkaline batteries in series. If you used only 6 batteries, you would have reduced the voltage by half. By varying the number of batteries, you would be able to vary the motor speed. Remember however, that there is a limit to how much you can "starve" the motor and still have it run or do any work.
If your aplication allows you to use an AC power source, then another method [much more expensive] would be to use a benchtop AC powered, variable power supply.
AnswerAnother common method is pulse width modulation (PWM). The full available voltage is switched on and short time later it is turned off again. This cycle repeats continuously at a relatively high frequency (hundreds, to tens of thousands of times per second). The ratio of the on-time to the off-time determines the apparent percentage of the DC supply that the motor sees.
The circuits to drive motors this way can be relatively simple to extremely complex, depending on the size of the motor, available DC voltage, and other controls needed (such as controlling speed instead of voltage supplied to the motor).
ANSWER: motor are not voltage related but rather power related so the answer is not to reduce the voltage but to reduce the power going to it. REDUCE THE POWER WILL REDUCE THE SPEED. either reducing current and /or voltage will do the trick.
The set top box that your provider gives you is what converts the Digital signal to the analog signal.
The digital signal is compressed at the provider and sent to the end user. The "tuner" (which can be built into a tv, a set top box or a cable card) Then decompresses the digital signal and converts it into an analog signal.
There is much more to this did not know how technical you wanted your answer.
What is the lumen output for a 35W halogen?
It varies from about 600 to 1100 lumens. Typically the higher the lumens output, the shorter the lifespan of the globe. Have a look at this list of globes for purchase whih shows wattage and lumens: http://1000bulbs.com/category/75-watt-incandescent-standard-shape-light-bulbs/
What is the difference between substation and switchgear?
Power station is where they actually generate the electricity on an industrial scale.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_plant
Substation is a subsidiary of a power station typically used to step down the voltage for more local use of electricity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substation
What are characteristics of an ideal diode?
An ideal diode:
- Passes current in one direction only. (Under forward bias).
- Has no leakage current (passes no current under reverse bias).
- Has no forward voltage drop. (No voltage loss under forward bias - a real diode has Vd~=0.7)
How the diode acts as a switch?
A diode is made up of a P-Type and an N-Type semiconductor. P-Type has "missing" electrons (in a sense); N-Type has extra electrons (in a sense). This means that if you have current going through the two semiconductors from N-type into P-type, it should be easier than normal to apply the current because there is a potential difference between the N-type and P-type because of their relative "positivity" and "negativity". ...but if you reverse the voltage, then you are going against this potential difference and hence the voltage is impeded, resulting in a 0 current (in theory). This will only happen until the reverse voltage exceeds a threshold ampage, at which point the current will shoot up (in reverse).
Conclusions of full-wave rectifier?
A half wave rectifier is not as effective as a full wave rectifier. With a 1/2 wave, you are throwing away one hump of the sine wave...either positive or negative portion. With a full wave rectifier you get both humps...either positive or negative.
The resultant effective voltage is much greater with a full wave rectifier, because there is very little time when the voltage is zero. The half wave is zero for 1/2 of the cycle.
A resistor limits the amount of electrical current that passes through the circuit.
Think of kinking a garden hose. The kink "resists" the flow of water.
Similarly, a resistor "resists" the current flow and thus lowers the voltage to the following parts of the circuit which that current has to flow through.
Another answer
Simple...To resist or control the current flow.
If a pure conductor (ie, wire) instead of a resistor is used, the path is said to be short circuited and, in theory - but not usually in practice - an infinite current would flow through it if the source was really able to deliver such a current.
But, if there is some resistance in its path, the current taken from the source will always be limited to the potential difference produced by the source (measured in volts) divided by the resistance of the path (measured in ohms).
I = E/R (Where I is current, E is volts and R is resistance)
Another use of a resistor is whenever you need to produce a voltage drop in a circuit. This drop can can then be utilized for some other purpose, noting the voltage will differ depending on the load. If the load varies in resistance, so will the voltage drop.
When no resistors are met by the current, the voltage which is actually the amount of work done in moving the charge will tend to zero. This means that the current flows without any resistance and is said to be a dead short to the source.
The magnitude of the resistance of a wire depends on?
Temperature, Length of wire, Area of the cross-section of wire and nature of the material.
What is UP Counter in Digital Electronics?
An up counter is simply a digital counter which counts up at some predefined increment. A Binary Up Counter with 'n' stages can count up to 2n states.
If we are implementing Up Counter with flip flops, this 'n' stages becomes the number of flip flops. For example a 4 bit Up Counter can count from binary 0000 to 1111, i.e 24=16 states.
A detailed design and working animation of of Binary Up Counter is given in the related link section below
Different between schottky diode and zener diode?
pn junction diode conducts current in one directions where as the zener diode conducts in both the directions. large current flow damage the PN junction diode but zener diode conducts eventhough there is a large current........
Does a capacitor block DC or AC or both?
Current through a capacitor is proportional to the rate of change of voltage across it. But in the case of dc supply, the rate of change of voltage is zero. Hence the capacitor current is also zero.
Capacitive reactance -- the "resistance" of a capacitor to current flow -- is found by 1/(2*pi*f*C). For high frequencies, this "resistance" is low, allowing current flow. The lower the frequency, the higher this "resistance" is. DC or direct current is consider "zero" Hertz frequency and the capacitive reactance ("resistance") at this point is infinite, allowing no current flow at all. So, the higher the frequency, the easier it is for the signal to pass through the capacitor; the lower the frequency, the more difficult it is for current to pass and impossible for DC.
How are microwaves different from radio waves?
"Microwave" is the loose term used to describe the higher-frequency portion of the
general category of radio waves. The closest thing to a formal definition says that
"microwave" is anything with a frequency higher than 3 GHz (wavelength less than
10 centimeters).
How much RPM to produce an 12v dc by an alternator?
A: It all depends on the engine idle speed and cylinders. All cars at idle speed must charge the battery to 13.68 volts the RPM is a function of cinders
How you write a valedictory speech?
A class valedictorian presumably has had a top scholastic record and probably done a lot of homework and read a lot of assignments. Somewhere in there, there should be some kind of inspiration. What has moved you? What has affected you deeply? What is the best of your experience? What are the hopes and dreams and aspirations of your class?
This is your one big opportunity to address your classmates (and other attendees--look up some samples to see the right protocol for order of mention--administrators, faculty, parents, honored guests, etc., and fellow members of the class of 2008) with your own personal thoughts on what your school experience has meant to you and what you see looking forward for your fellow students. Ask your class advisor, your own advisor, or your favorite teacher for some guidance on how to structure your speech, and then you can pretty much say what you want.
What is ultrasound transducer?
In general, a transducer is a device for changing one form of energy into another. There are lots of things that qualify as transducers under that definition. Just to cite a few examples, a microphone converts the mechanical energy of sound into electrical energy. A speaker does the opposite. An acoustic hydrophone converts the mechanical energy of sound in water or another fluid into electrical energy. In an example of how a transducer works, in ultrasound investigating technology, an electrical signal is used to create mechanical energy in the transducer, thus creating an outgoing pulse. Then the returning mechanical energy, the echo, is converted into electrical energy by the same transducer. The electrical signal is then used in imaging what the transducer is "looking at" by creating a picture of some sort which will then be evaluated. In another way, it could be said that a transducer is a device for sensing and relaying a signal, but keep in mind the idea of a change of "form" of the energy. That's what a transducer does is make the change. A transducer might be used to detect level, pressure, temperature, flow, displacement, accelaration, velocity, etc., from the sensing location so it can be sent to another place (like a control room). It consists of different parts like sensing element (the sensor), signal conditioning unit (filtering, amplification, etc.) and in some cases protocol interface (in order to convert the measured value into a digital frame for example). The latter transducer falls into Smart Transducer category. Links to relevant posts can be found below.
What are the different types of processors used in embedded system?
Wel,u have the Intel p 1 and p2 p3 p4 then centrino and then core duo and then centrino duo then centrino duo core duo also u have the amd athlon whis is standard
Now yow have Quad Core, I3, I5, I7 Processors
