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Electronics Engineering
Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.
24,372 Questions
Diodes are usually rated in amperage. A diode may be capable of handling only a 10th of an ampere. Some diodes called Power diodes may be capable of handling up to 100 amperes per diode. To select the proper diode, you must know what the maximum amperage your circuit is capable of. Then you would select one that would handle at least 120 percent of the amperage your circuit would handle.
What are the best home capacitor banks?
Capacitor banks are more for industrial use than for homes. Industry uses their inductive based (motor) loads more or less continuously where motor loads in the home are more intermittent.
For homes, individual power factor correction is applied to the individual appliances that present an inductive load. These devices are active in that they sense PF, and correct it to 1. I suppose you could do it on a whole house basis, but this would have to be an active PFC to account for the variability of the load as appliances are turned on and off. Biggest offenders in a house are AC units, washers, dryers, spas, etc. Would have to do cost/benefit analysis to see what cost is justified for the smaller motors. Since there are few large offender, it seems that plug in PFCs at each point would be more cost effective to install and operate than a whole house solution.
AnswerCapacitor banks, for the purpose of power-factor correction, have absolutely no relevance whatsoever to residences and, certainly, improving the power factor of a residential load will not reduce your electricity bill. The purpose of power-factor correction, which is only relevant to industrial loads, is to reduce the supply current in order to reduce the amount of copper used in the supply system; it has no effect on the energy used, although companies are penalised for having unnecessarily-low power factors. Your energy meter monitors your residence's supply voltage and the in-phase component of the load current, so measures the energy you consume -regardless of your load's power factor. Any company attempting to sell you capacitors in order 'to reduce your energy bill' are simply attempting to rip you off -end of story!
How do you drop 48 volts to 12 volts to run a 12 volt device?
If it is an alternating current (ac) circuit you could use suitable a step-down transformer.
If the circuit uses direct current (dc) then you could use a drop-down resistor if you know the load's current draw in amps. Then, using Ohms' Law, the value of the resistor in ohms can be calculated.
For example if the current drawn by the 12 volt load is 1 amp, you would need to "lose" 48 - 12 = 36 volts, so, using Ohm's Law (R = E / A) the resistor would need to have a resistance value of 36 / 1 = 36 ohms.
The resistor would have to be big enough to run safely without overheating, so, using the Power Law (W = E x I) its power rating would have to be at least 36 x 1 = 36 watts. That is not a trivial amount of power to dissipate - it's about the same power as a 40 watt electric light bulb - so it would be a good idea to make sure the resistor is mounted in such a way that it can lose its heat safely without burning anything.
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As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.
IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.
How thyristor used in induction furnace?
Thyristor is used for Rectifiying and inverting the power supply in induction furnace. The parallel Resonance Coils (Current Control Furnaces) Control the Furance power up to 40% by controlling the firing angle of the rectifier inverter and remaining 60% controlled by inverter thyristor control. In rectifier they are varying the thyristor firing angle from 15 deg to 45 deg. (in sin wave)
What is the full form of IPC in IPC standards in electronics?
The IPC was originally known as the Institute for Printed Circuits, however later became to be known as the Association Connecting Electronics Industries. The IPC is a global trade association dedicated to furthering the competitive excellence and financial success of its members, who are participants in the electronics industry. The IPC has developed a standardized set of industry developed and recognized documents for use in the electronic manufacturing process.
Why DC rating of Relay contacts is lesser than AC rating you need theoretical approach?
100 v DC is not the same as 100v AC the AC will be 141v which can arc over the contact if rated as 100 v DC.
The deal is that when switches open and close they arc for a short period of time. This is the main factor in wearing out the switch. Because AC automatically alternates back and forth, the arc is naturally extinguished faster. The DC, however, sustains the arc until the switch gap is large enough to shut it down. Therefore, the DC ratings must be lower to provide the same switch life and reliability.
This looks like V=IR to me
Transposing to R = V/I and assuming that's a 12 ohm bulb
Let x be the unknown part of the circuit's resistance
12 + x = 8 / 0.62, so
12 + x = 12.9, therefore
x = 0.9 ohms
.x / 4 = 0.225 ohms
The units of capacitance are called farads. A one farad capacitor is a capacitor with 1 volt potential difference with 1 coulomb of charge on the capacitor, C = Q/V or Q=CV
So the charge held on your capacitor is
Q = CV = 9Volts * 0.40*10-6Farads=3.6*10-6 Coulombs
What is Peavey Model 112H 8 ohm Theatre Speaker Power handling capabilities?
According to some other sites that were researching the speaker and cab for use as a home cab for a bass, the specs are (when new):
Impedance: 8 Ohms. - Power capacity: 800 W Peak, 400 W Program, 200 W Continuous. - Sensitivity: 94.9 dB / 1 W 1 m. - Usable freq. range: 60 Hz ~ 4 kHz.
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Find the percentage error if 625.483 is approximated to 3 significant digits?
: Find the percentage error if 625.483 is approximated to 3 significant digits?
How do you figure how many watts amps or volts?
Simple is just to know two formulas
Ohm's Law
V = IR
Power
P = IV
From those you can calculate voltage, amps, watts, ohms
V = Voltage (volts)
I = Current (amps or amperes)
R = Resistance (ohm's)
P = Power (watts)
Just solve for what you are missing.
Voltage times amps being drawn shows watts produced.
Watts divided by voltage shows amps being drawn or watts
divided by amperage shows voltage applied.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Power in watts (P) is voltage in volts (E) times current in amps(I).
P = E*I, E=P / I, I = P / E.
In a.c. that is peak to peak. To derive actual R.M.S. wattage (The true ability to do work)
you multiply peak to peak by 0.3535.
A sine wave of 17 volts peak is equivalent to how many volts RMS?
ERMS = 0.707 times Epeak = .707 times 17 volts = 12 volts RMS
Erms = Epeak / Sqrt (2)
(Note I'll be using different notation so, E = V)
The above is derived from using.
v = VMsin ωt ...... Eq1
Where ω = 2πf (angular frequency) & VM is amplitude & π (pi radians)
and
VRMS = √[1/2π ʃ2π v2(ωt) d(ωt)] , Eq2
and the standard trig relationship from your maths text book
Sin2A = ½(1 - cos 2A), which is rewritten by replacing A with ωt, thus
sin2ωt = ½(1 - cos 2ωt) Eq3
Armed with these three equations, lets begin...
substitute v in Eq1 into Eq2
VRMS = √[1/2π ʃ2π vM2 sin2ωt d(ωt)] Eq4
Now apply trig relationship Eq3 to Eq 4 above & rearrange.
VRMS = √[vM2/4π ʃ02π (1 - cos 2ωt) d(ωt)] Eq5
Now take the integral using limits 0 to 2π as shown by ʃ02π .
√{vM2/4π [ωt - ½ sin 2ωt]02π}
continuing...
√{vM2/4π [(2π - 0) - (0 - 0)]}
VM / √2 which is the same as your first responders Epeak / Sqrt (2) , just using different notation.
0.707VM
or
0.707Epeak
What is droop rate in case of sample and hold circuit?
Droop rate:
The rate of change of the output voltage when the control signal is in the hold state.
The droop rate is due to leakage currents flowing on or off the hold capacitor and therefore the droop rate is less for large capacitors.
dVH/dt = Ileakage/CH
VH: Hold voltage
t: time
I: current
C: capacitor
What are the signals of infertility?
I have been married for 12 yrs and conceived to children with my husband and i have been trying again since my second children was 2 and now he is 7 . I did conceive a yr ago but with a different person , and lost that baby at 5months .. me and my husband got back together and again trying to have a baby .. We both have been checked and both are able to conceive , not understanding we can;t conceive after having two children together ..
What is electrical discrimination?
Electrical discrimination is when a smaller circuit breaker (fuse) located closer to an electrical fault, operates before a bigger circuit breaker which is further away from the fault. This then stops disruption to other circuits by knocking out the fuse which not only knocks out the fault, but all the other circuits with no faults on them.
What causes a diode to fail on a 240v solenoid valve?
Why would it? And is this the diode across the windings of the coil that supplies the back EMF (inductive kick) supression? There isn't a good reason for it to fail. A bit more information is needed here.
1What three things do electronic hardware devices need in order to function?
1. voltage (difference in potential)
2. circuit (path)
3. a load (work to be done)
#3 in the above answer is incorrect.
Here is a simpler/more accurate answer to the question:
- Power supply (the device need electricity in order to run)
- Software (set of instructions to tell the hardware what to do)
- A method for the CPU to communicate with the device (i.e. a system, or data bus (aka the path)).
Even more simpler is...
1. Power
2. Load
3. Ground return
What year were baby-walkers invented?
I found a picture that was dated 1905 of a baby in a walker - but I am not sure that is the date they were invented (copyright by W.A. Pixley).
The initial condition is the voltage and/or current existing at the time a mathematical solution begins. Example: what happens when a resistor is connected across a capacitor? well, you say that at t=0 the resistor is connected, then after that the voltage across the capacitor is v0.exp(-t/RC), where v0 is the starting voltage, t is the time, R is the resistance and C is the capacitance. This simple solution needs only one initial condition which is the starting voltage v0 across the capacitor.
Linear differential equations are common in electrical engineering and a complete solution of one (such as the example) always requires one or more initial conditions.
Why is XOR gate called a controlled inverter?
The XOR (Exclusive Or) gate has a true output when the two inputs are different. When one input is true, the output is the inversion of the other. When one input is false, the output is the non-inversion of the other.
A B R
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Look at the last two lines. You see that R is NOT B, but only when A is true. The same can be said of A; R is NOT A, but only when B is true.
How do you calculate gain of an inverting and non-inverting OP-Amp configuration?
gain in an op-amp is the output voltage divided by input voltage.
for the inverting amplifier , gain(Av)=-(Rf/Ri) ,where Rf => resistance of the feedback path & Ri=> inverting input terminal resistance
for the non-inverting amplifier , gain(Av)=(1+(Rf/Ri)) , where Rf => same & Ri=> non inverting input terminal resisance
What are the main features of instrumentation amplifier in instrumentation system?
High Common Mode Rejection Ratio is the main feature of instrumentation amplifier! And other features are high input impedance, low output impedance, high slew rate, low power consumption, more accurate, easier gain adjustment, low thermal and time drift.
