Electronics Engineering

Circuits are limited for a few reasons firstly because certain size wiring can only handle so much voltage and amperage before it could fail secondly wiring heats up when more amperage is drawn through it which can create fires or burning out of the circuit most appliances draw set amount of current and amperage if you have a low amperage appliance Eg pool pump drawing 4 amps and the windings start to fail the motor can start drawing excessive amperage creating a hazard, if you had a large circuit it may never trip the breaker indicating a fault with the appliance which can cause catastrophic failure.

On the Internet I saw a NiMH battery 12V 50 Wh for about $50 USD so ten times that $500

The system without feedback is known as open loop system. The examples of the open loop system are bread toaster, oven ,washing machine. The open loop systems are inaccurate & less complex.

unknown(I think about 8/9 pm)

They work by making the sound louder. You can take a little sound that only a few people can hear and plug it in to make it available to a large group.

A: A DC adapter is basically like a battery except it is conditioned from an AC source. To change over measure the voltage when fully operational then switch to battery that have the same voltage as the adapter. the only concern should be the power required

multimeters generally measure volts Kohms milliamps VOM

LCR meters measure inductance capacitance and resistance

Q requires 2 at once and probably a frequency range you may care about

Ohm's Law states Voltage = Current x Resistance. Hence if voltage is increased and resistance is constant, current will increase proportionally to the rise in voltage.

yes we can short

The reverse-biased leakage of a diode is due to to two things.

One, a physical property of the diode known as free-carrier recombination. The electrons and positrons which exist near the p-n boundary are constantly re-combining. This creates a fixed current known as the saturation current. If the diode is reverse biased, then the saturation current flows in the external circuit.

Two, contamination in the diode causes a current which is like a resistor connected in parallel with the diode.

A good rule of thumb is that the total reverse-biased diode leakage current (One + Two) will double every 10 degrees C.

For the very best diodes, with tiny leakages, search for the forum comments of Dr. Winfield Hill on the topic of very clean diodes with ultra-low leakage.

RJ45 connectors are used in "ethernet cables". These cables connect network devices between computers and systems.

Hyperbaric flow control technology.

Typically used in logic circuits is the pull-up resistor Less common is the pull-down resistor It's purpose is to force a zero (low) value when no other component is driving the input (no load) By providing a current limited path to negative power source through the resistor, while allowing the voltage to swing high if a load is present.

not only is it possible but no experiment has ever been done that contradicts it in any way. it has been shown correct in its predictions to more digits than any other theory.

Frequency is defined as the number of cycles per minute.

Ex: for a sine wave from " 0 to pi " is a cycle, and this repeats periodically within a interval of time.

if frequency of a signal is 50Hz, then you can say that this signal repeats 50 time's a minute..

All metals, liquid salt solutions, molten salts, and other certain substances are generally considered good electrical conductors. The best naturally occurring conductor is silver metal, although the next best thing is copper, since it's much cheaper and more widely available. If you have access to extreme cryogenic cooling mediums like liquid helium or liquid nitrogen, you can cause certain metals and compounds to become superconductive; i,e. perfect conductors.

Some examples of appropriate technology:

- hybrid cars

- solar cookers

- green buildings

- sustainable agriculture

- hydropower

- sun thermal power

- geothermal power

- tidal power

Transistors have many characteristics and they most certainly require voltages to be a certain polarity if they are to work properly. There are two main types of transistor: PNP and NPN. They are identical except that all polarities are reversed on one compared to the other. There are many books and online resources that describe transistors but here is a very brief note about transistor operation. Each transistor has a base, a collector and an emitter. When a small current is passed from the base to the emitter, a larger current will pass from the collector the the emitter. With an NPN transistor, the base needs to be positive with respect to the emitter and the collector also has to be positive with respect to the emitter for the transistor to work. A PNP transistor is reversed, where both the base and the collector need to be negative with respect to the emitter to operate. Therefore, transistors do indeed have a polarity, even if it is more complex that some other devices. Disclaimer: The above description of transistor operation is greatly simplified and there are operational modes that are outside the conditions described. Please don't use the above description as a definitive guide to transistor behaviour.

Hi-pot and megger tests are common to check the insulation on transformers, motors, refrigeration compressors, etc. They help check the condition of equipment to avoid a future falure. High votage test are conducted in current transformers by shorting the seconday and earth,can apply 3 times the rated voltage

When a LED is multiplexed, it is energized not all the time, but only for short periods. Let's say it's in a row of three - this would mean it's only on for 33% of the time. If the current remains the same, it's only 33% as bright. By increasing the current, you make it look as bright as if it were on all the time, even though it isn't. This "pulse current" is thus higher than the normal maximum; because it's only applied for such short periods, it will not damage the LED.

The short answer is "by superheterodyning it". A more complete answer requires information not given in your question.

by combining a low-pass filter with a high-pass filter.[1]

This is far too complicated a subject to be answered in this forum. I suggest you do some research on the internet, or obtain an appropriate textbook on the subject.

If the amperage is very low, the effect is "shocking". It won't cause any serious harm to a person, but might make them jump.

This can cause damage to electronic equipment, though; this is why it is important to ground yourself (using wrist straps oftentimes) when working on electronic equipment.

If you want to find it on your own, apply an increasing reverse voltage to the diode until a large current flows. If you do this, put some sort of resistor in series to prevent overload. This will ruin the diode.

Or you can check the data sheet. a good search for the particular diode you are using should help, or you can go to the company who sold you the diode and they should have a data sheet readily available. There should be a graph showing reverse current vs. voltage. There should also be a line in the data sheet that says peak reverse voltage which may be easier for you to follow and understand.