Genetic Cloning

Splicing is a cellular process where the DNA sequence is 'edited' before RNA is synthesised from it. This means that one DNA sequence can create different proteins. Sections that are spliced out are called introns, while exons are the sequences that remain.

Prokaryotic organisms do not splice their genes, the DNA is copied directly to RNA. Since many biotechnological procedures use bacteria (prokaryotes) to test eukaryotic genes, the sequence needs to be 'spliced' before it can be expressed correctly by the bacterium.

To do this researchers isolate the RNA (which lacks the introns) and convert it back to DNA, using reverse transcriptase. They then use this cDNA (complementary DNA) to express in the bacterial system. This is effectively recombinant DNA, because it does not occur naturally in the source organism.

depends on what you think of your boyfriend.

How can anybody answer that, you given no details?? Well I'm going through the whole "commitment issue's" thing at the minute, my boyfriend says he loves me very much, one minute he says he wants to spend his life with me, the next breath he says he doesn't know what he wants, he is very loving but yet at the same time very cold with me, I find it very hard to know where I stand with him, I told him I wanted kids, that's another story which is too long winded, lets just say we are on the verge of a break up because of this, but he is trying everything he can to make me stay, when I decide to stay he is cold again, if this sounds similar to what you're going through, then I think maybe your partner has issues, major ones... hope this helped x

Advantages: more knowledge about how exactly DNA works and what each codon expresses in an organism. we don't actually know what most of the DNA does. Essentially the advancement itself of being able to clone an organism is the advantage.

Disadvantage: the cloned organism always has a problem that scientists cant figure out. for example the cloned cat Cici at Texas A&M University has seizures and they dont know why (this university is very advanced when it comes to Biology). Naturally also there is the fact that the clone is identical to the "parent" so if people started to be cloned then fingerprint or DNA recognition would not be possible. there would be two or more people with the exact same genetics.

In general, sticky end cloning and blunt end cloning

PCR is used prior to cloning a gene in cells because it allows for the amplification of the gene of interest, making it easier to work with in subsequent steps. By amplifying the gene, there is more DNA available for cloning, increasing the chances of successful integration into the host cells. Additionally, PCR can be used to introduce specific restriction sites or other modifications that aid in the cloning process.

You wouldn't be able to see it because all the important steps are microscopic. First the DNA of a normal cell is removed and placed inside an egg cell which has had it's own DNA removed. (That is for artificial cloning of course.) The egg cell is then placed in a surrogate mother and develops as a normal child would. (Except that it would be geneticly identical to the individual who donated the DNA and have no relation to the surrogate mother.)

Cloning is a form of asexual reproduction where an organism is replicated from a single parent with the same genetic information. This can occur naturally in some organisms or be artificially induced in a laboratory setting.

it was invented to help farmers grow more crops and butchers have more meat to sell ( i think)..x

Yes, but to a very limited extent. We cannot, as yet, produce a tree with skin or a human who can photosynthesize.

DNA cloning is the production of large number of identical DNA molecules from a single ancestral DNA molecule. It is of two types

1. cell based DNA cloning

2. cell free DNA cloning

Hi! Human cloning can probably be perfected but scientists are not that advanced yet. I'm working on an essay for human and animal cloning. Animal cloning has been successful with Dolly the Sheep and others but most of them have died young. Others also say that cloning has hidden DNA damage. So animal cloning is close to perfection-really close they have been successful but humans don't want to risk being tested unless scientists are absolutely sure. We have a while to wait!

Widespread unemployment

Most countries do, if it is at home, but it is okay for a professional scientist to do it for lab reasons, or maybe to save a species, but don't try it at home.

The basic procedural steps involved in cloning humans and animals are similar, but there are key ethical and legal considerations that make human cloning a more complex process. In animals, cloning is usually done for agricultural or research purposes, while human cloning raises serious ethical concerns related to individual rights and dignity. Additionally, there are legal restrictions in many countries that prohibit human cloning.

Cloning can potentially be used in disease treatment by creating genetically identical cells or tissues to replace damaged ones. This can be particularly useful in conditions where a specific type of cell is dysfunctional or damaged, such as in certain genetic disorders or degenerative diseases. However, the use of cloning in disease treatment is still largely theoretical and experimental at this stage.

The article highlights the film "Never Let Me Go," which explores the ethical and emotional implications of cloning human beings for organ harvesting. Through the experiences of cloned characters, it illustrates the profound moral dilemmas and the dehumanization that can arise from treating individuals as mere commodities. The narrative serves as a cautionary tale about the potential consequences of scientific advancements in cloning.

A plasmid (free bit of DNA) in bacteria that produces colicin to kill other strains of bacteria.

high failure rate problems during later develpment abnormal gene expression and cuase your mom like it hard

so that they dont get embarrased in the middle of brazils cities

No, Ori (Origin of Replication) is a specific DNA sequence that is required for initiating replication of DNA molecules. Cloning vectors, on the other hand, are specifically designed DNA molecules that can carry foreign DNA fragments for cloning in host organisms.