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Genetic Engineering

Questions about the manipulation of an organisms genes in order to alter the morphological or chemical traits of the organism.

1,707 Questions

What are benefits of genetic modification?

Genetic modification can be used beneficially in a multitude of ways,

Farming:

GM crops can be made to survive in conditions where they normally wouldn't grow, They can be made more juicy and more numerous so the farmer can make a better living, they an be less likely to succumb to diseases.

Bacterial:

Bacteria can now be modified in such a way as to produce useful molecules like insulin.

Human:

Human genetic modification is entirely theoretical as no method of genetic manipulation is currently seen as moral.

However it is possible that genetic modification could make future generations immune to diseases we fall pray to, Make them stronger, faster, smarter and more healthy than we are.

Techniques of denormalization and its advantages and disadvanteges?

When you design a database, you first want to normalize it. Main purpose is to avoid data duplication, because duplicate data takes up unnecessary space and is harder to maintain.

Suppose you want to store information about your customers. You want to store their address to send them promotional material. You also want to store what products they bought so far. If you'd put that in one table, you'd be repeating the customer's address for each article they bought. When one of them changes address, you need to remember to change all the records to update the address to avoid data inconsistency.

So you normalize this bit, and create a table with e.g. customer number + customer name + customer street + customer zip code/postal code, a second table with zip code + city, a third table with customer number + product number, a fourth table with product number + product description + vendor number, etc.

Now look at the I/O involved in getting at that data. When you put all the data in one table, accessing all the data will normally involve fewer I/O transactions and therefore be faster than accessing the data spread over multiple tables, which requires jumping back and forth from indexes to data records, as it . And despite the fact that I/O performance has improved tremendously since early days, it still is the slowest component in a computer.

Computers with slow I/O subsystems may also benefit from denormalisation. Denormalisation basically is the process of finding the balance between avoiding data duplication and ensuring database performance.

What is wet cell weight?

The mass of a cell which has not been dehydrated.

Is there a real humanzee?

To tell you the truth I'm not sure if there is a Humanzee but it has been claimed it was made once in china and one in america, But there is no fact.

How do you calculate Mean Generation Time?

g=(log Nt- log Nto)/log 2 where N=absorbance reading @ time indicated

MGT= (t-to)/g

Who developed the first DNA identification system?

The Max speed would be about 5 5 since that iis the speed limit.

What causes translation to stop?

The end of translation occurs when the ribosome reaches one or more STOP codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) on the mRNA.

At the ribosomal level, there is a competition between tRNAs and release factors. When a stop codon is reached, a release factor inserts into the A-pocket of the ribosome (keep in mind that a tRNA molecule cannot recognize a stop codon). Once the release factor is recognized by the ribosome, the polypeptide chain is signaled to release.

Why is there a reddish liquid seeping out of your leg after you accidentally scraped it on the ground?

It's called blood because the scrape was deep enough to cut your vein and have the precious blood come out

What is the genetic material always found in the nucleus?

Genes in the nucleus are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid, in the form of a double helix.

DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Why does genetic code have to be exact in a protein?

An exact protein is produced only if all the amino acids (the building blocks) are in the correct sequence. Even is one amino acid is not in the right sequence (or even missing) the protein would not be able to correctly function. It may not be able to function at all.

Since the genetic code is responsible for the creation of a protein, this has to be absolutely accurate in order to create functional proteins

How can genetic engineering produce tomatoes that are ripe when they reach consumers?

"Normally" tomatoes soften as they ripen, so they are usually picked green and shipped in that unripe state so they will stay firm. Just before delivery to the consumer these tomatoes are forced to ripen by gassing with the plant hormone ethylene gas. The consumer gets firm, ripe tomatoes (but less than fully sweet). These tomatoes will soften.

Using genetic engineering you can delete or disable the gene for the enzyme that causes the tomatoes to soften as they ripen, so they can be allowed to fully ripen on the vine (and become fully sweet) before they are picked and shipped. The consumer gets firm, ripe, and sweet tomatoes. These tomatoes will remain firm.

How do you make 20 percent solution of galactose?

dissolve 200 gr od pure galactose in streile water at room temprature while stirring

What is the difference between crossover and mutation in genetic algorithm?

mutation means change in genetic structure..where as crossover means interchanging the genetic structure of two or more chromosomes..

Why do some organisms not require a lot of parental care?

The less complex an organism is, the more of its survival practices can be "programmed" into it. Only creatures with lifestyles involving complex behaviours need parental care so they can survive long enough to learn them.

Will you always be ugly?

No, considering the fact that 'you' never were.

Why is it possible for a man to be a carrier with a recessive genetic disorder but not with a sex-linked disorder?

The body has 23 pairs of chromosomes. There are numbers 1-22, then the 23rd pair are the sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes, making them XX, men have one X and one Y, making them XY.

The principle of a genetic disorder, let's call it "p", is that if someone has one normal, dominant chromosome "P" and one disease-causing, recessive chromosome "p", they are a carrier for the disease, but don't actually suffer from it (effectively the "P" overrides the "p").

Sex-linked disorders are carried on the X chromosome. If a woman inherits one normal X and one X with a recessive disease on it, she will just be a carrier, as she always gets two X's. Men on the other hand are XY, any disease they inherit on their X chromosome will present because they don't have another, potentially normal, X around to override the diseased one.

Hope this helps. :)

2 characteristics of living things are that they can and?

Living things have the capability to produce offspring to pass on their genes, and the ability to respond to changes in the environment they exist in.

What organic compounds store and transmit genetic information?

Nucleic acids are carbon compounds that store and transmit genetic information. They include:

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Ribonucleic acid (messenger,transfer) (RNA)

proteins (in the case of prions)
carbon hydrates

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